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Human Histology (LEC) > Connective > Flashcards

Connective Flashcards

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1
Q

Provides a matrix that supports and physically connects other tissues and cells to form the organs of the body.

A

Connective Tissue

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2
Q

Interstitial fluid of Connective Tissue gives __ __ to __ as medium
for diffusion of nutrients and
waste products.

A

metabolic supports to cells

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3
Q

the main cells in connective tissues, and are
permanent residents of the Connective TIssue.

A

Fibroblasts

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4
Q

Other component cells include:

A

Macrophages, Plasma Cells, and Mast Cell, WBCs

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5
Q

which all originate from the hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow → circulates in the blood → moves to the CT

A

Macrophages, Plasma Cells, and Mast Cells

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6
Q

transient cells → perform specific functions
temporarily → die by apoptosis

A

WBCs

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7
Q

Most common cells in the connective
tissues

A

Fibroblasts

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8
Q

Produces and maintain most of the
tissue extracellular components

A

Fibroblasts

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9
Q

Synthesizes and secretes collagen
(most abundant protein in the body) and elastin

A

Fibroblasts

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10
Q

All components of the ECM is derived
from fibroblast, especially collagen.

A

Fibroblasts

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11
Q

Fat cells that are found in the connective tissue of many organs

A

Adipocytes

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12
Q

These are large, mesenchymal derived cells, specialized for cytoplasmic storage of lipids as neutral fats, or less commonly to produce heat.

A

Adipocytes

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13
Q

have highly developed phagocytic ability
and specialize in turnover of protein fibers and removal of apoptotic cells, tissue debris, or other
particulate material → abundant in inflammation

A

Macrophage

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14
Q

Also known as “Histiocytes”

A

Macrophage

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15
Q

Derived from precursor cells called monocytes.

A

Macrophage

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16
Q

Precursor of macrophages

Location:

A

Monocyte

Blood

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17
Q

Production of cytokines, chemotactic fators, and several other molecules that participate in inflammation (defense), antigen progressing, and presentation

Location:

A

Macrophage

Connective tissue, lymphoid organs, lungs, bone marrow, pleural and peritoneal cavities

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18
Q

(2) Same description of macrophages this 2 cells

Location

A

Kupffer cell - liver
Microglial cell - Central nervous system

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19
Q

Antigen processing and presentation (2)

Location

A

Langerhans cell - Epidermis of skin
Dendritic cell - Lymph nodes, spleen

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20
Q

Localized digestion of bone matrix

Location

A

Osteoclasts

Bone

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21
Q

Segregation and digestion of foreign bodies

Location

A

Multinuclear giant cell

In connective tissue under various pathological conditions

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22
Q

Function in the localized release of many bioactive substances important in the local inflammatory response, innate immunity, and tissue repair.

A

Mast Cells

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23
Q

Mast Cells

Release of certain chemical mediators stored in mast cells promotes allergic reactions known as

A

Immediate Hypersensitivity reactions

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24
Q

→ dramatic example of immediate hypersensitivity reaction
○ FATAL

Treatment:

A

Anaphylactic Shock

Epinephrine

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25
Lymphocyte-derived, antibody-producing cells ● “Clock-face” appearance
Plasma Cells
26
Normally comprise a population of wandering cells in the CT
Leukocytes
27
Derived from circulating blood cells; leaves the blood by migrating between the endothelial cells of venules to enter the connective tissue.
Leukocytes
28
components of CT are elongated structures formed from proteins that polymerize after secretion from Fibroblasts
Fibers
29
3 main types of fibers:
Collagen Fibers ○ Reticular Fibers ○ Elastic Fibers
30
formed by proteins of the collagen family
Collagen and reticular fibers
31
composed mainly of elastin protein
Elastic fibers
32
Key element of all connective tissue
Collagen
33
Most abundant protein in the human body
Collagen
34
Categorized into: ○ Fibrillar collagens ○ Network or sheetforming collagens ○ Linking/anchoring collagens
Collagen
35
Resistance to tension Location
Type I Skin, tendon, bone, dentin
36
Resistance to pressure Location
Type II Cartilage, vitreous body
37
Structural maintenance in expansible organs Location
Type III Skin, muscle, blood vessels, frequently together with type I
38
Participates in type I collagen function Location
Type V Fetal tissues, skin, bone, placenta, most interstitial tissues
39
Participates in type II collagen function Location
Type XI Cartilage
40
Support of epithelial cells; filtration Location
Tyepe IV All basal and external laminae
41
Increases density of the matrix Location
Type X Hypertrophic cartilage involved in endochondral bone formation
42
Anchors basal laminae to underlying reticular lamina Location
Type VII Epithelial basement membranes
43
Binds various proteoglycans; associated with type II collagen Location
Type IX Cartilage, vitreous body
44
Interacts with type I collagen Location
Type XII Placenta, skin, tendons
45
Binds type I collagen fibrils, with types V and XII, strengthening fiber formation Location
Type XIV Placenta, bone
46
Found in delicate CT of many organs (notably in the immune system)
Reticular Fibers
47
Consists mainly of Collagen Type III
Reticular Fibers
48
Form sparse networks interspersed with collagen bundles in many organs
Elastic Fibers
49
Have “rubber-like” properties that allow tissue containing these fibers (ex. Stroma of the lungs) to be stretched or distended and return to their original shape
Elastic Fibers
50
In the wall of large blood vessels (especially arteries), elastin also occurs as fenestrated sheets called
elastic lamellae
51
The ground substance of the ECM is a highly hydrated, transparent, complex mixture of three kinds of macromolecules:
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) ○ Proteoglycans ○ Multiadhesive glycoproteins
52
Filling the space between cells and fibers in connective tissue, __ __ allows diffusion of small molecules and because of its viscosity, acts as both a __ and a __ to the penetration of invaders.
Ground Substance
53
Broadly classified as loose or dense that refer to the amount of collagen present ○ __ → less collagen ○ _ → more collagen
Loose, Dense
54
Different combinations and densities of cells, fibers, and other ECM components produce graded variations in histological structure within
connective tissue
55
Common, forming a layer beneath the epithelial lining of many organs and filling the spaces between fibers of muscles and nerves
Loose Connective Tissue
56
Also known as Areolar Tissue
Loose Connective Tissue
57
Collagen fibers predominate but elastic and reticular fibers are also present
Loose Connective Tissue
58
Moderate amount of ground substance
Loose Connective Tissue
59
Has delicate consistency; flexible and not very resistant to stress
Loose Connective Tissue
60
Has similar components as loose connective tissue but with fewer cells.
Dense Connective Tissue
61
Mostly fibroblasts ○ Clear predominance of bundled type 1 collagen over ground substance
Dense Connective Tissue
62
The abundance of collagen protects organs and strengthens them structurally
Dense Connective Tissue
63
Bundles of collagen fibers appear randomly interwoven, with no definite orientation.
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
64
Tough 3D network provides resistance to stress from all directions.
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
65
Examples are: ○ Deep dermis layer of the skin ○ Capsules surrounding most organs
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
66
Consists mostly type 1 collagen bundles and fibroblast aligned in parallel. ○ For great resistance to prolonged or repeated stresses from the same direction
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
67
Dense Regular Connective Tissue Examples: cords connecting muscles to bones
Very strong and flexible tendons
68
Dense Regular Connective Tissue Examples: sheet like tendons
Aponeuroses
69
Dense Regular Connective Tissue Examples: bands or sheets that hold together components of the skeletal system
70
Abundant fibers of Type III Collagen forming a delicate network that supports various types of cells
Reticular Tissue
71
This collagen is also known as reticulin and is produced by modified fibroblasts called Reticular Cells. ● Examples:
Bone marrow, Lymph node, Spleen
72
Principal component of the fetal umbilical cord, it is referred to as Wharton’s Jelly
Mucoid Tissue
73
Abundant ground substance composed chiefly of hyaluronan.
Mucoid Tissue

Human Histology (LEC) (17 decks)

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