Cellular Structure

Question 1

the basic structure and functional units in all tissues

Answer 1

Cells

Question 2

become efficiently organized in tissues with specialized functions and usually changing their shape

Answer 2

Cell differentiation

Question 3

Action /Purpose
Movement

Answer 3

muscle cells

Question 4

Action/ Purpose
forms adhesions and tight junctions

Answer 4

epithelial cells

Question 5

Action/ Purpose
synthesis and secretion of components of extracellular matrix

Answer 5

fibroblasts, bone cells cartilage

Question 6

Action/ Purpose
convert physical and chemical stimuli into action potentials

Answer 6

Neurons (nerve cells) and sensory cells

Question 7

Action/ Purpose
synthesis and secretion of degradative enzymes

Answer 7

cells of digestive glands

Question 8

Action/ Purpose
synthesis and secretion of glycoproteins

Answer 8

cells of mucous glands

Question 9

Action/ Purpose
synthesis and secretion of steroids

Answer 9

cells of the adrenal gland, testes, ovary

Question 10

Action/ Purpose
ion transport

Answer 10

cells of the kidney and salivary gland ducts

Question 11

Action/ Purpose
intracellular digestion

Answer 11

macrophages and neutrophils

Question 12

Action/ Purpose
storage of fats

Answer 12

adipocytes (fat cells)

Question 13

metabolic absorption

Answer 13

cells lining the intestine

Question 14

it functions as selective barrier regulating the passage of materials into and out of the cell

Answer 14

cell membrane (plasmalemma)

Question 15

facilitates the transport of specific molecules

Answer 15

cell membrane (plasmalemma)

Question 16

specific recognition and signaling functions

Answer 16

membrane proteins

Question 17

plays a key role in the interactions of the cell with it’s environment

Answer 17

membrane proteins

Question 18

membrane phospholipids (amphipathic) 2

Answer 18

2 non polar
charged polar

Question 19

hydrophobic or water-repelling long charm fatty acid

Answer 19

2 non polar

Question 20

hydrophobic or water attracting head that bears a phosphate group

Answer 20

charged polar

Question 21

restricts movements and modulates the fluidity of all membrane

Answer 21

cholesterol

Question 22

delicate cell surface coating

Answer 22

glycocalyx

Question 23

outer lipid with oligosaccharide chains

Answer 23

glycolipids

Question 24

proteins linked with sugar chains and acts as receptors for cell adhesion and cell recognition

Answer 24

glycoproteins

Question 25

major constitutions of membranes

Answer 25

proteins

Question 26

site for CHON and lipid synthesis

Answer 26

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 27

site for synthesis of most membrane-bound proteins for secretion, incorporation into the plasma membrane, and as enzymes within lysosomes

Answer 27

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 28

site of lipid synthesis and carbohydrates metabolism

Answer 28

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 29

detoxifies alcohols and other drugs

Answer 29

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 30

releases calcium ions when muscles need to contract (sarcoplasmic reticulum)

Answer 30

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 31

completes post-translational modifications of proteins produced in the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 31

golgi apparatus

Question 32

packages and addresses proteins to their proper destinations

Answer 32

golgi apparatus

Question 33

golgi two distinct functional sides or faces

Answer 33

cis - golgi receiving region trans - golgi shipping region

Question 34

sites of intracellular digestion and turnover of cellular components

Answer 34

lysosomes

Question 35

degrade denatured or otherwise non functional polypeptides

Answer 35

proteasome

Question 36

removes the proteins that are no longer needed

Answer 36

proteasome

Question 37

site for ATP Sythesis

Answer 37

Mitochondria

Question 38

mitochondria of stressed cells releases _____ from the inner membrane, triggering a regulated series of events leading to ___$$

Answer 38

cytochrome c cell death

Question 39

- spherical in shape - enclosed by a single membrane

Answer 39

peroxisome

Question 40

peroxisome named to their enzymes producing and degrading hydrogen peroxide (2)

Answer 40

oxidase catalase

Question 41

oxidizes substrates by removing hydrogen atoms that are transferred to molecular oxygen, producing hydrogen peroxide

Answer 41

oxidase

Question 42

immediately breaks down hydrogen peroxide - damaging to the cell

Answer 42

catalase

Question 43

determines the shapes of cells and has a pivotal role in the movements of organelles and cytoplasmic vesicles, and also allow the movement of entire cells

Answer 43

cytoskeleton

Question 44

captain of the cell

Answer 44

nucleus

Question 45

contains the molecular machinery to replicate the DNA and to synthesize and process all types of RNA

Answer 45

nucleus

Question 46

nucleus composed 3

Answer 46

nuclear envelope chromatin nucleoli

Question 47

nucleus composed 3 largest structure within the cell

Answer 47

nuclear envelope

Question 48

nucleus composed 3 mass of DNA and it's associated protein

Answer 48

chromatin

Question 49

nucleus composed 3 specialized regions of chrimatin

Answer 49

nucleoli

Question 50

period of cell division

Answer 50

mitosis

Question 51

phase of the cell cycle that can be routinely distinguished with the light microscope

Answer 51

mitosis

Question 52

specialized process involving two unique and associated cell divisions that occurs only in the cells that forms sperm and egg cell

Answer 52

meiosis

Question 53

the cells produced are ______ - having just one chromosome from each pair present in the body' somatic cells

Answer 53

haploid

Question 54

a cell division that produces TWO DIPLOID CELLS

Answer 54

mitosis

Question 55

yield two cells that are the SAME genetically

Answer 55

mitosis

Question 56

involves two cell divisions and produces FOUR HAPLOID CELLS

Answer 56

meiosis

Question 57

yields haploid cells that are genetically UNIQUE

Answer 57

meiosis