Muscular

Question 1

specialized to optimize the universal cell property of contractility.

Answer 1

Muscle cells

Question 2

Optimizes the property of contractility via generation of force.

Answer 2

Muscle Tissue

Question 3

Generate forces for contraction which drives movement within organ systems, of blood, and of the body

Answer 3

Muscle Tissue

Question 4

QUICK, FORCEFUL contractions, VOLUNTARY

Answer 4

Skeletal Muscles

Question 5

VIGOROUS, RHYTHMIC contractions, INVOLUNTARY

Answer 5

Cardiac Muscles

Question 6

SLOW, RHYTHMIC contractions, INVOLUNTARY

Answer 6

Smooth Muscles

Question 7

Shape: Fusiform

Answer 7

Smooth

Question 8

Number of nucleus and its location: >1, peripheral

Answer 8

Skeletal

Question 9

Presence of striations: Non striated

Answer 9

Smooth

Question 10

Arrangement in myofibril: No

Answer 10

Smooth

Question 11

Branching : Branching

Answer 11

Cardiac

Question 12

Describes as long, multinucleated, and cylindrical

Answer 12

Skeletal muscle

Question 13

Presence of cross-striations

Answer 13

skeletal muscle

Question 14

responsible for proliferating and producing
muscle fibers after muscle injury

Answer 14

satellite cells

Question 15

controls contractions

Answer 15

motor unit

Question 16

Dense irregular connective
tissue surrounding the entire muscle

Answer 16

Epimysium

Question 17

Thin connective tissue
surrounding the fascicle which is a bundle
of muscle fibers

Answer 17

Perimysium

Question 18

Thin delicate layer of
reticular fibers and scattered fibroblasts;
Supporting tissue surrounding the external
lamina of individual muscle fibers

Answer 18

Endomysium

Question 19

Plasma Membrane + External Lamina

Answer 19

Sarcolemma

Question 20

acts as the cytoplasm

Answer 20

Sarcoplasm

Question 21

Contains myofibrils, which are long cylindrical filament bundles

Answer 21

Sarcoplasm

Question 22

Contains pump and proteins for calcium release and sequestration

Answer 22

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Question 23

Surrounds each myofibril, along with mitochondria

Answer 23

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

Question 24

functional / contractile structural unit of skeletal
and cardiac muscles

Answer 24

Sarcomere

Question 25

borders of the sarcomere

Answer 25

Z Line

Question 26

light bands and isotropic, does not alter polarized light

Answer 26

I Band

Question 27

largest protein (accessory protein) in I bands which supports the thick myofilaments and connects them to the Z discs

Answer 27

Titin

Question 28

dark bands and anisotropic; birefringent in polarized light

Answer 28

A Band

Question 29

contains myosin which are large complexes with two identical heavy chains and two pairs of light chains; Contains 2 heads and 1 tail

Answer 29

Thick Filament

Question 30

consists of troponin, tropomyosin, and actin

Answer 30

Thin Filament

Question 31

Troponin complexes attach at specific sites regularly spaced along each tropomyosin molecule

Answer 31

Thin Filament

Question 32

Thin filament Consists of three subunits:

Answer 32

Troponin T,C,I

Question 33

attaches to tropomyosin

Answer 33

Troponin T

Question 34

binds to calcium

Answer 34

Troponin C

Question 35

regulates actin-myosin interaction

Answer 35

Troponin I

Question 36

thin, helical filaments that run between the thick filaments

Answer 36

Actin

Question 37

actin-binding protein which anchors actin to the Z discs perpendicularly

Answer 37

Alpha Actinin

Question 38

Source of regenerating cells

Answer 38

Satellite Cells

Question 39

Sparse population of mesenchymal cells, lying inside the external lamina of each muscle fiber

Answer 39

Satellite Cells

Question 40

Inactive, acts as reserve myoblasts

Answer 40

Satellite Cells

Question 41

With an appearance of a “striated” banding pattern

Answer 41

Cardiac Muscle

Question 42

Possess one nuclei, located in the center

Answer 42

Cardiac Muscle

Question 43

Possess a delicate sheath of endomysium with a “rich” capillary network surrounding the muscle cells

Answer 43

Cardiac Muscle

Question 44

The thicker perimysium separates bundles and layers of muscle fibers, some forming masses of fibrous connective tissue → forming the

Answer 44

CARDIAC SKELETON

Question 45

Contraction of individual fibers is ALL-OR-NONE

Answer 45

Cardiac Muscle

Question 46

Rate of contraction is modified by autonomic innervation

Answer 46

Cardiac Muscle

Question 47

major fuel of the heart; FA stores as TAG (as a lipid droplet)

Answer 47

Fatty acids

Question 48

represent the interfaces between adjacent cells and consist of many junctional complexes.

Answer 48

Intercalated discs

Question 49

Present in transverse region

Answer 49

Desmosomes and fascia adherens junctions

Question 50

Present in longitudinal portions

Answer 50

Gap junctions

Question 51

electrical synapse promote rapid impulse conduction simultaneously and contraction of adjacent cells as a unit

Answer 51

Gap junctions

Question 52

Lacks satellite cells

Answer 52

Cardiac Muscle

Question 53

Has little potential to regenerate after injury

Answer 53

Cardiac Muscle

Question 54

Replaced by proliferating fibroblasts and growth of connective tissue → leading to the formation of myocardial scars

Answer 54

Cardiac Muscle

Question 55

For slow, steady contraction under the influence of autonomic nerves and various hormones.

Answer 55

Smooth Muscle

Question 56

Major component of blood vessels and of the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive systems

Answer 56

Smooth Muscle

Question 57

Cells appear spindle-shaped or fusiform, tapering, and unstriated

Answer 57

Smooth Muscle

Question 58

All cells are linked by gap junctions → allows synchronous and coordinated contraction

Answer 58

Smooth Muscle

Question 59

Consists of dense bodies which contain alpha actinin and are functionally similar to z discs

Answer 59

Smooth Muscle

Question 60

Dense bodies serve as a point for transmitting contractile force not only within the cells but also between adjacent cells

Answer 60

Smooth Muscle

Question 61

Thin filaments attach to __ __ located at the cell membrane and deep in the cytoplasm.

Answer 61

dense bodies

Question 62

Dense bodies contain __ for thin filament attachment

Answer 62

α-actinin

Question 63

Uses calmodulin and calcium sensitive myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK) to produce contraction instead of troponin and tropomyosin

Answer 63

Smooth Muscle

Question 64

small plasmalemma invaginations

Answer 64

Caveolae

Question 65

Contains major ion channels that control calcium release from the sarcoplasmic cisternae at myofibrils that initiates contraction.

Answer 65

Caveolae

Question 66

Functionally similar to T-tubules (which are absent in the smooth muscle)

Answer 66

Caveolae

Question 67

Capable of a more regenerative response

Answer 67

Smooth Muscle

Question 68

Contractile pericytes from the walls of small blood vessels participate in the repair of vascular smooth muscle.

Answer 68

Smooth Muscle