Coronary circulation and conduction

Question 1

what what can cause cells to beat out of sync

Answer 1

specialised cell death in SA and AV node

Question 2

SA node

Answer 2

sinoatrial node

Question 3

AV node

Answer 3

atrioventricular node

Question 4

what can cause specialised cell death in SA and AV node

Answer 4

blocked coronary vessel supply

Question 5

what happens if AV node is damaged (2)

Answer 5

heart block, SA activity can’t reach ventricles

Question 6

what can be used to directly electrically stimulate ventricular cardiomyocytes

Answer 6

pacemaker

Question 7

pacemaker elements (3)

Answer 7

pacemaker pulse generator, lead in right atrium, lead in right ventricle

Question 8

what branch runs down into the left ventricle for contraction

Answer 8

left bundle branch

Question 9

conduction system elements (7)

Answer 9

SA node, AV node, bundle of His, left bundle branch, right bundle branch, septomarginal trabecula, purkinje fibres, papillary muscles

Question 10

papillary muscle names (5)

Answer 10

anterolateral, posteromedial, anterior, posterior, septal

Question 11

papillary muscle attached to the septomarginal trabecula

Answer 11

anterior

Question 12

what is the SA node

Answer 12

intrinsic pacemaker

Question 13

intrinsic heart rate approximately

Answer 13

70 bpm

Question 14

another name for the bundle of His

Answer 14

atrioventricular bundle

Question 15

AV node feature

Answer 15

can beat by itself

Question 16

another name for septomarginal trabecula

Answer 16

moderator band

Question 17

where does the coronary sinus enter into

Answer 17

right atrium

Question 18

where is the SA node loacated

Answer 18

top of crista terminalis

Question 19

ridge in right atrium between smooth and pectinate

Answer 19

crista terminalis

Question 20

where does blood enter the coronary arteries

Answer 20

aorta

Question 21

cardiac veins (7)

Answer 21

oblique vein of left atrium, great cardiac vein, left marginal vein, left posterior ventricular vein, middle cardiac vein, small cardiac vein, coronary sinus, opening to right atrium

Question 22

CABG

Answer 22

coronary artery byass graft

Question 23

vessels harvested for CABG

Answer 23

radial artery, internal mammary artery, saphenous vein

Question 24

LIMA

Answer 24

left internal mammary artery

Question 25

another name for internal mammary artery

Answer 25

internal thoracic artery

Question 26

what is CABG used for

Answer 26

bypass blockages

Question 27

balloon tipped insertion into coronary artery

Answer 27

angioplasty

Question 28

angioplasty with stent

Answer 28

PCI

Question 29

PCI

Answer 29

percutaneous coronary intervention

Question 30

what is used to sight coronary vessel blockages

Answer 30

angiography

Question 31

what is used for contrast in angiography

Answer 31

dye

Question 32

where is the catheter inserted for PCI

Answer 32

femoral artery

Question 33

where does the catheter run for PCI (8)

Answer 33

femoral artery , common iliac artery, abdominal aorta, thoracic aorta, descending aorta, aortic arch, ascending aorta, coronary arteries

Question 34

what causes coronary artery disease

Answer 34

blockages in coronary arteries

Question 35

coronary artery disease prevents

Answer 35

oxygen reaching cardiac muscle

Question 36

what results in cardiac muscle ischaemia (3)

Answer 36

necrosis, pain, blood pumping insufficiency

Question 37

where are the coronary artery anstomoses (2)

Answer 37

right coronary artery and circumflex branch, left anterior descending artery and posterior descending artery

Question 38

what type of arteries are coronary arteries

Answer 38

functional end arteries

Question 39

anastomoses are only effective when

Answer 39

slow occlusions

Question 40

what would a sudden occlusion cause

Answer 40

myocardial infarction

Question 41

coronary arteries (9)

Answer 41

sinoatrial nodal branch, right coronary artery, atrioventricular nodal branch, posterior descending artery, right margical artery, left coronary artery, circumflex branch, left anterior descending artery, left marginal branch

Question 42

coronary arteries start where

Answer 42

ascending aorta

Question 43

where does the SA nodal branch come from

Answer 43

right coronary artery

Question 44

where does the AV nodal branch typically come from

Answer 44

right coronary artery superior to posterior desceending artery

Question 45

what happens if the right coronary artery is dominant (2)

Answer 45

crosses interventricular septum and gives off posterior descending artery

Question 46

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