Heart and the Pericardium

Question 1

Circulation elements (13)

Answer 1

pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, lung, heart, heart base, heart apex, 4 chambers, 2 sides, arteries, veins, arterioles, venules, capillary bed

Question 2

Heart chambers (4)

Answer 2

right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle

Question 3

Heart great vessels (9)

Answer 3

ascending aortta, arch of aorta, deescending aorta, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, left pulmonary arteries, right pulmonary arteries, left pulmonary veins, right pulmonary veins

Question 4

pouching in the pericardium folding on itself

Answer 4

pericardial sinuses

Question 5

pericardial sinuses (2)

Answer 5

transverse and oblique

Question 6

heart surface anatomy (11)

Answer 6

small cardiac vein, inferior margin, apex, obtuse margin, anterior interventricular groove, great cardiac vein, anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery, auricles, coronary sinus, sulcus terminalis

Question 7

nerves running anterior to heart

Answer 7

phrenic nerves

Question 8

double layer membrane around heart

Answer 8

serous pericardium

Question 9

heart layer elements (8)

Answer 9

visceral layer, parietal layer, pericardial space, fibrous pericardium, central tendon of diaphragm, endocardium, myocardium, epicardium

Question 10

another name for epicardium

Answer 10

visceral layer of serous pericardium

Question 11

where is heart pain referred to (2)

Answer 11

thoracic walls and proximal upper arms

Question 12

visceral sensory fibres from the heart enter at

Answer 12

T1-T4

Question 13

parasympathetic nerve supply to the heart (3)

Answer 13

decreases HR, vagus nerve, parasympathetic cardiac nerves

Question 14

sympathetic nerve supply to the heart (6)

Answer 14

increases HR, increases force of contraction, preganglionic fibres T1-T4, postganglionic fibres from cervical and upper thoracic sympathetic ganglia, sympathetic cardiac nerves, cardiac plexus

Question 15

Heart valves open in diastole

Answer 15

tricuspid and mitral

Question 16

Heart valves open in systole

Answer 16

aortic and pulmonary

Question 17

heart valves (4)

Answer 17

pulmonary semilunar, aortic semilunar, mitral, tricuspid

Question 18

heart valves connected by

Answer 18

fibroskeleton

Question 19

mitral valve leaflets (3)

Answer 19

anterior 1-3 and posterior 1-3

Question 20

tricuspid valve leaflets (3)

Answer 20

anterior, septal, posterior

Question 21

aortic valve leaflets

Answer 21

left coronary cusp, right coronary cusp, non coronary cusp

Question 22

where is the non coronary cusp

Answer 22

posterior aortic valve

Question 23

pulmonary valve leaflets

Answer 23

left coronary cusp, right coronary cusp, anterior coronary cusp

Question 24

which valve is more anterior

Answer 24

pulmonary valve

Question 25

which set of valves are more posterior

Answer 25

atrioventricular valves

Question 26

atrioventricular valves (2)

Answer 26

mitral and tricuspid

Question 27

shunts present in fetus (2)

Answer 27

ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale

Question 28

foramen ovale becomes

Answer 28

fossa ovalis

Question 29

ductus arteriosus becomes

Answer 29

ligamentum arteriosum

Question 30

septal anatomy (7)

Answer 30

chordae tendinae, trabeculae carnae, papillary muscles, aortic vestibule, left atriovenricular orifice, septomarginal band/moderator band, conus arteriosus

Question 31

ventricle with the thickest myocardium

Answer 31

left

Question 32

right atrium elements (8)

Answer 32

interatrial septum, fossa ovalis, inferior vena cava, superior vena cava, opening of coronary sinus, crista terminalis, musculi pectinati, auricle

Question 33

heart surface grooves (2)

Answer 33

atrioventricular and interventricular

Question 34

right atrium features (9)

Answer 34

superior vena cava, inter atrial spetum, fossa ovalis, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus opening, right atrioventricular orifice, musculi pectinati, crista terminalis, auricle

Question 35

top of crista terminalis

Answer 35

sinoatrial node

Question 36

right ventricle features (9)

Answer 36

pulmonary trunk, pulmonary semilunar valve, conus arteriosus, interventricular septum, tricuspid valve, chordae tendinae, trabeculae carrnae, papillary muscles x3, septomarginal band

Question 37

right ventricle papillary muscles (3)

Answer 37

anterior, posterior, septal

Question 38

left ventricle papillary muscles (2)

Answer 38

anterolateral and posteromedial

Question 39

tricuspid valve cusps (3)

Answer 39

anterior, posterior, septal

Question 40

mitral valve cusps (6)

Answer 40

anterior (1,2,3) and posterior (1,2,3)

Question 41

mitral valve cusp numbering goes in which direction

Answer 41

lateral to medial

Question 42

pulmonary valve cusps (3)

Answer 42

anterior, left, right

Question 43

aortic valve cusps (3)

Answer 43

right, left, posterior

Question 44

pulmonary trunk splits into (2)

Answer 44

left pulmonary artery and right pulmonary artery

Question 45

what closes the semilunar valves

Answer 45

blood backflow

Question 46

what closes the atrioventricular valves

Answer 46

papillary muscles

Question 47

what moderates the closure of the tricuspid valve

Answer 47

septomarginal band

Question 48

left atrium features (3)

Answer 48

auricle, left pulmonary veins, left atrioventricular orifice

Question 49

left ventricle features (8)

Answer 49

aorta, chordae tendinae, trabeculae carnae, papillary muscles x2, thickest myocardium, mitral valve, aortic semilunar valve, aortic vestibule

Question 50

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