Pleura and lungs

Question 1

Bronchus cross section elements (4)

Answer 1

trachelais muscle, lumen, cartilaginous rings, osophagus posteriorly

Question 2

bronchial tree elements (9)

Answer 2

cartilaginous rings, hilum, left main bronchus, right main bronchus, lobar bronchi, segmental bronchi, lower border of larynx/cricoid cartilage, bifurcation at T4/T5

Question 3

How many orders of branching to alveoli

Answer 3

25

Question 4

Why is there branching to alveoli

Answer 4

gas exchange

Question 5

elements of branching to alveoli (6)

Answer 5

bronchi, bronchiole, cartilage loss, terminal bronchiole, respiratory bronchiole, alveoli

Question 6

what occurs in asthma

Answer 6

spasms of smooth muscle in lower airways and bronchioles

Question 7

Triggers of asthma (4)

Answer 7

pollen, mold, dust mites, pet dander

Question 8

Lung elements (11)

Answer 8

right lung, left lung,oblique fissure, horizontal fissure, superior lobe, middle lobe, inferior lobe, apex, superior lobe, inferior lobe, cardiac notch

Question 9

types of blood supply to lungs (2)

Answer 9

pulmonary and bronchial

Question 10

blood supply for respiratory gas exchange

Answer 10

pulmonary

Question 11

pulmonary blood supply consists of (2)

Answer 11

pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins

Question 12

what branching pattern does pulmonary blood supply follow

Answer 12

same as airway branching pattern

Question 13

Pulmonary artery position

Answer 13

anterior and superior (ASP)

Question 14

Pulmonary vein position

Answer 14

inferior and anterior (VIA)

Question 15

blood supply for lung parenchyma

Answer 15

bronchial

Question 16

where do bronchial arteries branch off

Answer 16

descending aorta

Question 17

where do bronchial veins feed into for right lung

Answer 17

azygous vein

Question 18

where do bronchial veins feed into for left lung

Answer 18

hemiazygous vein

Question 19

what shape are bronchopulmonary segments

Answer 19

pyramid

Question 20

bronchopumonary segment apex location

Answer 20

hilum

Question 21

brochopulmonary segment base location

Answer 21

lung surface

Question 22

what supplies bronchopulmonary segments (3)

Answer 22

segmental bronchi, artery and vein

Question 23

what do bronchopulmonary segments represent

Answer 23

functionally disctinct lung zones

Question 24

what happens if a bronchopulmonary segment is resected in surgery

Answer 24

no disruption to other lung units

Question 25

how did physiotherapy used to clear specific bronchopulmonary segments

Answer 25

patient positioning

Question 26

right lung medial surface elements (anterior to posterior) (9)

Answer 26

oblique fissure, phrenic nerve, apex, pulmonary veins, lymphatics, brochial arteries, pulmonary veins, pulmonary ligament, lobar bronchi, vagus nerve

Question 27

right lung surface indentations (5)

Answer 27

azygous vein, right brachiocephalic vein, superior vena cava, shallow cardiac impression, diaphragm

Question 28

Sympathetic innervation of the lungs

Answer 28

spinal cord and sympathetic chain segments of T1-T4

Question 29

sympathetic innervation role

Answer 29

bronchodilation

Question 30

parasympathetic innervation of the lungs

Answer 30

vagus nerve

Question 31

parasympathetic innervation motor role

Answer 31

bronchoconstriction

Question 32

Visceral sensory nerves to the lungs

Answer 32

sympathetic are nociceptive and parasympathetic is reflex (eg. cough)

Question 33

Lung lymphatic elements (5)

Answer 33

tracheal nodes, bronchomediastinal trunk, deep pulmonary vessels, lymph vessels in peripheral pleura, hilar bronchopulmonary nodes

Question 34

what lymph nodes are visible in the hilar

Answer 34

brronchopulmonary nodes

Question 35

what lymph vessels are visible in the lung

Answer 35

visceral pleura lymph vessels

Question 36

what is the pleura

Answer 36

closed double layer membrane surrounding viscera

Question 37

lung pleura elements (9)

Answer 37

pleural cavity, parietal pleura, visceral pleura, cosodiaphragmatic recess, costal surface, diaphragmatic surface, mediastinal surface, pulmonary ligament

Question 38

early development lung elements (5)

Answer 38

space, viscera, cells lining space/membrane, body wall, double layered membrane

Question 39

as fetus' viscera grows the membrane does what to the organ

Answer 39

surrounds it

Question 40

elements of developing viscera (3)

Answer 40

visceral body, double layer membrane, space

Question 41

outside layer of double layer membrane

Answer 41

parietal layer

Question 42

inside layer of double layer membrane

Answer 42

visceral layer

Question 43

space between parietal and visceral layer contains

Answer 43

fluid

Question 44

reflections of the parietal and visceral layers produce

Answer 44

ligaments

Question 45

lung surfaces (3)

Answer 45

costal, diphragmatic, mediastinal

Question 46

space between parietal and visceral pleura

Answer 46

pleural cavity

Question 47

outer pleura

Answer 47

parietal pleura

Question 48

inner pleura

Answer 48

visceral pleura

Question 49

pouching of pleura seen in coronal plane

Answer 49

costodiphragmatic recess

Question 50

pouching of pleura seen in transverse plane

Answer 50

costomediastinal recess

Question 51

connecting right and left lung

Answer 51

pulmonary ligament

Question 52

sensory nerve supply to parietal pleura (2)

Answer 52

intercostal nerves and phrenic

Question 53

sensory nerve supply to visceral pleura

Answer 53

sympathetic

Question 54

sensory nerve supply to lung

Answer 54

sympathetic

Question 55

why is there only a potential pleural cavity

Answer 55

surface tension

Question 56

what happens if lung surface tension is broken

Answer 56

lung recoil

Question 57

what is inferior to the costodiphragmatic recess

Answer 57

diaphragm

Question 58

what causes pulmonary collapse

Answer 58

substance entering pleural cavity

Question 59

common causes of pulmonary collapse (2)

Answer 59

pneumothorax or haemothorax

Question 60

what is in pleural cavity in a pneumothorax

Answer 60

air

Question 61

what is in the pleural cavity in haemothorax

Answer 61

blood

Question 62

what happens in a small pneumothorax

Answer 62

air collects between lung and chest wall

Question 63

what happens in a large pneumothorax

Answer 63

pushes on lung and heart

Question 64

how is a large pneumothorax treated

Answer 64

air removed with a syringe and needle in a 3 way tap

Question 65

what area of the lung is prone to injury

Answer 65

apex

Question 66

where is lung apex located

Answer 66

superiorly

Question 67

if the heart is pushed to one side in a scan what could it indicate

Answer 67

pneumothorax