Diaphragm and Breathing

Question 1

where does the diaphragm curve down

Answer 1

periphery

Question 2

domes of the diaphragm

Answer 2

right and left

Question 3

which diaphragm dome is higher

Answer 3

right

Question 4

why is one dome higher

Answer 4

liver

Question 5

tendon of diaphragm

Answer 5

central tendon

Question 6

diaphragm attachments (5)

Answer 6

xiphoid process, central tendon, costal margin (R6-12, C6-10), lumbar vertebra right crus (L1-3/4), lumbar vertebra left crus (L1-2/3)

Question 7

arcuate ligaments (3)

Answer 7

median, middle (psoas major), lateral (quadratus lumborum)

Question 8

IVC pierces diaphragm at

Answer 8

T8

Question 9

oesophagus pierces diaphragm at

Answer 9

T10

Question 10

descending aorta pierces diaphragm at

Answer 10

T12

Question 11

diaphragm sling around which opening

Answer 11

oesophagus

Question 12

most anterior opening in diaphragm

Answer 12

IVC

Question 13

most posterior opening in diaphragm

Answer 13

Descending aorta

Question 14

diaphragm innervation (3)

Answer 14

left phrenic nerve, right phrenic nerve, sympathetic trunk

Question 15

vein passing right of the descending aorta

Answer 15

azygous vein

Question 16

vein passing left of the descending aorta

Answer 16

hemiazygous vein

Question 17

what runs in parallel with the sympathetic trunk

Answer 17

splanchnic nerves

Question 18

which nerve refers central diaphragm pain

Answer 18

phrenic

Question 19

which dermatomes have referred central diaphragm pain

Answer 19

C3-C5

Question 20

which nerves refer peripheral diaphragm pain

Answer 20

intercostal nerves

Question 21

where is peripheral diaphragm pain referred to

Answer 21

thoracic walls

Question 22

where does the phrenic nerve run

Answer 22

anterior to hilum

Question 23

motor innervation of phrenic nerve

Answer 23

all of diaphragm

Question 24

sensory innervation of phrenic nerve

Answer 24

central diaphragm and pericardium

Question 25

sensory innervation of diaphragm peiphery

Answer 25

intercostal nerves

Question 26

in which direction does air flow

Answer 26

high pressure to low pressure

Question 27

when is there no movement of air into the lungs

Answer 27

when atmospheric pressure = lung pressure

Question 28

when does air move into the lungs

Answer 28

when atmospheric pressure is greater than lung pressure

Question 29

how do we breath

Answer 29

change the pressure gradient in the lungs

Question 30

when is there no air movement

Answer 30

Patm = Plungs

Question 31

inhalation

Answer 31

Patm>Plungs

Question 32

expiration

Answer 32

Patm

Question 33

inhalation features (3)

Answer 33

increase volume, decrease pressure, air in

Question 34

exhalation features (3)

Answer 34

decrease volume, increase pressure, air out

Question 35

outer pleura

Answer 35

parietal

Question 36

inner pleura

Answer 36

visceral

Question 37

gap between lung pleura

Answer 37

pleural cavity

Question 38

where does parietal pleura firmly attach (2)

Answer 38

thoracic cage and diaphragm

Question 39

what makes visceral pleura move with parietal pleura

Answer 39

surface tension

Question 40

what is the main determinant in quiet respiration

Answer 40

diaphragm

Question 41

diaphragm in inspiration (2)

Answer 41

contracts and lungs expand

Question 42

diaphragm in expiration (3)

Answer 42

relaxes, lungs collapse, lungs elasticity

Question 43

what controls the diaphragms rhythmic contractions

Answer 43

respiratory centre of the brain stem

Question 44

16