Pelvic Viscera

Question 1

Lower urinary tract (2)

Answer 1

urinary bladder and urethra

Question 2

urinary bladder needs to be able to undergo

Answer 2

dynamic changes

Question 3

muscle wall of urinary bladder

Answer 3

detrusor

Question 4

urinary bladder is what to deal with dynamic changee

Answer 4

distensible

Question 5

what changes in the urinary bladder with filling

Answer 5

shape

Question 6

shape change in bladder

Answer 6

pyramidal/tetrahedral to rounded

Question 7

urinary bladder in context (4)

Answer 7

urethra, neck of bladder, bladder, ureter

Question 8

what does the ureter run between

Answer 8

bifurcation of common iliac artery

Question 9

what does the common iliac artery split into

Answer 9

external iliac artery and internal iliac artery

Question 10

features of the urinary bladder (11)

Answer 10

ureters, fundus, superior suface, infeolateral suface, neck, urethra, ureteic orrifice, median umbilical ligament, apex, trigone, body

Question 11

what is the position of the fundus (2)

Answer 11

base posterior suface and opposite apex

Question 12

what is the trigone a component of

Answer 12

bladder neck

Question 13

what defines the trigone

Answer 13

ureter entry points

Question 14

how is the trigone different to other bladder surfaces

Answer 14

smoother mucosal surface

Question 15

what is the bladder neck

Answer 15

transition to urethra

Question 16

what are the fibrous ligaments at the bladder neck (2)

Answer 16

pubovesical ligament and puboprostatic ligament

Question 17

what can’t the fibrous ligaments of the bladder neck do

Answer 17

constrain distensible aspect

Question 18

what can a distended bladder do to other organs

Answer 18

compress

Question 19

what can put pressure on the bladder

Answer 19

pregnancy

Question 20

what is posterior and inferior to the pubovesical ligament

Answer 20

vaginal opening in the deep perineal pouch and perineal membrane

Question 21

the puboprostatic ligament has fibres to the

Answer 21

prostate

Question 22

what are the names for where the ureters enter the bladder (2)

Answer 22

uertovesical junction or vesicoureteruc junction

Question 23

what is the uretovesical junction not

Answer 23

true anatomical sphincter

Question 24

feature of the uretovesical junction (2)

Answer 24

angled and surrounded by distensor muscle

Question 25

the distensor muscle around the uretovesical junction does what

Answer 25

obstructs flow (particularly in voiding)

Question 26

what is it called where the urethra begins

Answer 26

internal urethral orifice

Question 27

what contributes to storage and continence during ejaculation (3)

Answer 27

bladder neck, urethra, internal urethral sphincter

Question 28

what does continence prevent

Answer 28

retrograde movement of seminal fluid

Question 29

what make up the upper urinary tract (2)

Answer 29

ureter and kidney

Question 30

what are the ureters close to

Answer 30

posterior abdominal wall

Question 31

where do the ureters cross the pelvic brim

Answer 31

near bifurcation of common iliac arteries

Question 32

where do ureters continue to the base of the bladder

Answer 32

lateral pelvic wall

Question 33

which part of the ureter is in the pelvis

Answer 33

distal

Question 34

is the ureter retroperitoneal in the pelvis

Answer 34

no

Question 35

what crosses the ureter in females (2)

Answer 35

uterine artery and uterus

Question 36

what crosses the ureter in males

Answer 36

vas deferens

Question 37

what are the consequences of different lengths of urethras

Answer 37

chance of infection

Question 38

which gender has a longer urethra

Answer 38

males

Question 39

what is the function of a male urethra (3)

Answer 39

urinary voiding, urinary continence, sexual function

Question 40

length of each region of male urethra longest to shortest (4)

Answer 40

spongy, prostatic, membranous and preprostatic

Question 41

role of pre prostatic and prostatic urethra (2)

Answer 41

urinary continence and retrograde ejaculation prevention

Question 42

what can impact on voiding function

Answer 42

prostatic growth eg. BPH

Question 43

BPH

Answer 43

benign prostate hypertrophy

Question 44

the nervous system coordinates which muscles in voiding and sexual function (2)

Answer 44

smooth and striated

Question 45

striated muscle example

Answer 45

external urethral sphincter/urethral rhabdosphincter

Question 46

order in which urine passes through the urethra males (4)

Answer 46

preprostatic, prostatic, membrranous, spongy

Question 47

what muscle makes up the internal urethral sphincter

Answer 47

smooth

Question 48

urine passes by the sphincters in which order

Answer 48

internal then external

Question 49

where is the internal urethral sphincter located

Answer 49

superior prostate

Question 50

where is the external urethral sphincter located

Answer 50

deep perineal pouch

Question 51

where is the bulbourethral gland located

Answer 51

posterior to the external urethral sphincter

Question 52

what is attached to the bulbourethral gland

Answer 52

bulbourethral duct

Question 53

what does the bulbourethral duct pass through

Answer 53

perineal membrane

Question 54

where is the penis flaccid

Answer 54

second bend

Question 55

what is the widening of the urethra at the end of the penis

Answer 55

navicular fossa

Question 56

what is the opening at the end of the penis

Answer 56

external urethral orifice

Question 57

what is much shorter in females

Answer 57

urethra

Question 58

are there regional changes in a female urethra

Answer 58

yes

Question 59

what is anterior to the female urethra

Answer 59

glans clitoris

Question 60

what is the opening to the urthra in females

Answer 60

external urethral orifice

Question 61

what is posterior to the urethra in females

Answer 61

paraurethral gland/skene's gland

Question 62

what comes out from the skene's gland

Answer 62

duct of skenes gland

Question 63

what is posterior to the vaginal opening

Answer 63

greater vestibular gland

Question 64

what are the main arteries stemming from the internal iliac artery (5)

Answer 64

superior vesical artery, inferior vesical artery/vaginal artery, internal and external pudendal arteries

Question 65

what supplies the distal ureter and the vas deferens

Answer 65

superior vesical artery

Question 66

what supplies the seminal vesicles, prostate and vagina

Answer 66

inferior vesical artery/vaginal artery

Question 67

what supplies the urethra and perineal structures (2)

Answer 67

internal and external pudendal artery

Question 68

other vasculature to pelvic viscera off the abominal aorta (2)

Answer 68

testicular artery and testicular vein

Question 69

other structures surrounding pelvic viscera (12)

Answer 69

ureter, psoas fascia, ductus deferens, peritoneum, pubic symphysis, rectum, prostate, rectovesical pouch, urinary bladder, medial umbiliccal fold, sacrum, pelvic splachnic nerves

Question 70

common iliac vesssels split into (4)

Answer 70

internal and external veins and arteries

Question 71

internal iliac artery branches (7)

Answer 71

superior vesical, artery to ductus deferens, umbilical, obturator, middle rectal, inferior vesical, inferior gluteal

Question 72

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