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Viscera and Visceral > Thoracic Walls and Breast > Flashcards

Thoracic Walls and Breast Flashcards

1
Q

Thoracic walls role (2)

A

protection and breathing mechanisms

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2
Q

Thoracic walls components (2)

A

thoracic cage and covering

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3
Q

Thoracic wall elements (8)

A

intercostal space, rib cage, deep fascia, pectoralis major, skin, superficial fascia, subcutaneous fat, intercostal muscles

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4
Q

intercostal space elements (3)

A

muscle, nerves, vessels

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5
Q

skin elements (6)

A

nerves, fat, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, sweat glands, mammary gland

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6
Q

True ribs

A

R1-R7

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7
Q

floating ribs

A

R11 and R12

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8
Q

floating rib feature

A

no anterior attachment

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9
Q

false rib

A

R8-R10

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10
Q

false rib feature

A

attach to costal cartilage of the rib above

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11
Q

space between ribs

A

intercostal space

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12
Q

Costal cartilage role (2)

A

attaches ribs to sternum and provides rib cage mobility for breathing

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13
Q

Typical ribs

A

R3-R9

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14
Q

Atypical ribs

A

R1-R2 and R10-R12

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15
Q

typical rib appearance (2)

A

curved and flat

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16
Q

atypical rib feature

A

atypical markings

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17
Q

Typical rib elements (9)

A

head, neck, shaft, angle, superior facet, inferior facet, costal groove, articular facet, tubercle

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18
Q

Rib 1 markings (2)

A

groove for subclavian vessels and scalene tubercle

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19
Q

Sternum elements (8)

A

maubrium, xiphoid process, body, sternal angle, jugular notch, clavicular notch, manubriosternal joint, costal cartilage attachment

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20
Q

sternal angle other name

A

angle of Louis

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21
Q

Which rib costal cartilage attaches at the manubriosternal joint

A

C2

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22
Q

Number of thoracic vertebra

A

T1-T12

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23
Q

Thoracic vertebra elements (11)

A

lamina, pedicle, vertebral canal, transverse process, spinous process, superior articular facet, inferior articular facet, intervertebral foramen, body, intervertebral disc

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24
Q

Throacic vertebra role (3)

A

rotation and movement

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25
Q

Rib articulation with vertebra elements (9)

A

superior demifacet, inferior demifacet, tubercle, transverse process, costal facet, rib, rib head, costotransverse joint, costovertebral joint

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26
Q

Costovertebral joint is between (4)

A

inferior demifacet, superior demifacet, spinous process, rib head

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27
Q

costotransverse joint has how many parts

A

2

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28
Q

costotransverse joint is between (3)

A

costal facet, transverse process, and tubercle of rib

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29
Q

superior demifacet articulates with which rib

A

same number as vertebra

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30
Q

Intercostal muscles (4)

A

external, external intercostal membrane, internal, innermost internal

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31
Q

external intercostal fibre direction

A

antero inferior

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32
Q

internal intercostal fibre direction

A

postero inferior

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33
Q

external intercostal role

A

thoracic cage elevation

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34
Q

medial internal intercostal role

A

thoracic cage elevation

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35
Q

lateral internal intercostal role

A

throacic cage depression

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36
Q

innermost intercostal deficit

A

posteriorly

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37
Q

innermost intercostal fibre direction

A

postero inferior

38
Q

intercostal space elements (7)

A

intercostal nerve, intercostal vein, intercostal artery, costal groove, innermost intercostal muscle, internal intercostal muscle, external intercostal muscle

39
Q

pectoralis minor role (2)

A

elevates ribs and stabilises scapula

40
Q

pectoralis major role

A

adducts arm

41
Q

serratus anterior rib insertion

A

R1-R8

42
Q

serratus posterior insertion and origin

A

spinous processes C7-T3 and T11-L2, rib angles R2-R5 and R7-R12

43
Q

serratus posterior inferior role

A

rib depression

44
Q

serratus posterior superior role

A

rib elevation

45
Q

How many lobules in breast tissue

A

15-20

46
Q

how much of pectoralis major covered by breast

A

2/3

47
Q

How much of serratus anterior covered by breast

A

1/3

48
Q

tail on breast

A

axillary tail

49
Q

breast goes from to

A

mid axillary line to lateral border of the sternum

50
Q

where is the nipple commonly found

A

4th intercostal space

51
Q

darker patches on mammogram

A

suspensory ligaments

52
Q

Arterial Blood supply to the breast (2)

A

lateral mammary branches medial mammary branches

53
Q

lateral mammary branches branch from (2)

A

lateral thoracic artery and posterior intercostal arteries

54
Q

lateral thoracic artery branches from

A

axillary artery

55
Q

axillary artery branches from

A

subclavian artery

56
Q

medial mammary branches branch from

A

internal thoracic artery

57
Q

Breast venous drainage (2)

A

medial mammary vein and lateral mammary vein

58
Q

medial mammary vein drains into

A

internal thoracic vein

59
Q

lateral mammary vein drains into

A

lateral thoracic vein

60
Q

lateral thoracic vein drains into

A

axillary vein

61
Q

axillary vein drains into

A

subclavian vein

62
Q

subclavian vein meets up with the

A

internal jugula vein

63
Q

lymphatic plexus around arerola

A

subareola plexus

64
Q

lymph nodes in armpit

A

axillary nodes

65
Q

lymph nodes on sternum

A

parasternal nodes

66
Q

do lymphatics cross between breasts

A

yes

67
Q

lymph nodes near clavicle

A

subclavian nodes

68
Q

upper right quadrant drains into the

A

right brachiocephalic vein

69
Q

drain into the right brachiocephalic vein via the

A

right lymphatic duct

70
Q

superior vena cava splits into

A

brachiocephalic veins

71
Q

brachiocephalic veins split into (2)

A

subclavian veins and internal jugular veins

72
Q

majority of the body drains into the

A

left brachiocephalic vein

73
Q

what drains into the left brachiocephalic vein

A

thoracic duct

74
Q

thoracic duct ends in the

A

cisterna chyli

75
Q

where is cisterna chyli located

A

inferior to diaphragm

76
Q

what lymphatics drain from the upper half of the body (3)

A

jugular trunk, subclavian trunk, bronchomediastinal trunk

77
Q

what % of lymphatics in the cisterna chyli

A

20%

78
Q

what drains lateral to the cisterna chyli

A

intestinal trunks

79
Q

intestinal lymphatic trunks (3)

A

coeliac, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric

80
Q

what drains inferior to the cisterna chyli

A

lumbar trunk

81
Q

the lumbar trunk drains into theat drains into the lumbarr trunk

A

common iliac trunk

82
Q

lymphatic lumbar trunks (3)

A

posterior abdominal wall, pelvis, lower limb

83
Q

what drains into the common iliac lymphatic trunk (2)

A

external iliac trunk and internal iliac trunk

84
Q

where is breast cancer usually derived from

A

glandular epithelium in lobules

85
Q

what does cancer typically look like on a mammogram

A

jagged mass

86
Q

in which patients is it hard to identify breast cancer

A

dense breast mammograms

87
Q

what can breast cancer damage

A

suspensory ligaments (shortens)

88
Q

how does damaged suspensory ligaments typically present (3)

A

thick skin, dimpled skin, inverted nipple

89
Q

what happens to breast cancer once it enters lymphatic vessels before entering venous system

A

passes through lots of lymph nodes

90
Q

when cancer lodges in lymph nodes

A

metastases

91
Q

where are metastases from breast cancer easily palpated

A

axilla

92
Q

does lack of axilla metastases rule out metastatic cancer

A

no

Viscera and Visceral (24 decks)

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