Cranial Cavity

Question 1

Scalp layers

Answer 1

• Skin
• Connective Tissue
• Aponeurosis
• Loose connective tissue
• Pericardium

Question 2

Scalp innervation, skin sensation

Answer 2

• Trigeminal nerve
• Ventral and dorsal rami of the cervical spinal nerves

Question 3

Arterial supply to the face and scalp

Answer 3

• External carotid artery
• Internal carotid artery

Question 4

Emissary veins

Answer 4

Pass through small openings in the skull to connect veins of the scalp with the dural venous system

Question 5

Do emissary veins have arterial counterparts?

Answer 5

No

Question 6

Periosteal

Answer 6

Always stays adherent to bone

Question 7

Inner meningeal layer

Answer 7

Projects into cranial cavity, forms a dural fold

Question 8

The dural venous sinuses takes blood to the…

Answer 8

Internal jugular vein

Question 9

Potential space

Answer 9

Not really a space but bleeding could pool there

Question 10

Epidural space

Answer 10

Potential space, bleeding could separate the dura from the skull

Question 11

The middle meningeal vessels go through what foramen?

Answer 11

Foramen spinosum in the sphenoid bone

Question 12

What is the pterion? Injury of this can cause?

Answer 12

• Thinner part of the skull and is vulnerable to fracture
• Can result in rupture of middle meningeal artery

Question 13

Layers of the meningeal spaces

Answer 13

• Epidural space
• Dura mater
• Subdural space
• Arachnoid
• Subarachnoid space
• Pia mater

Question 14

Sensation from the dura mater

Answer 14

Sevreal branches of the trigeminal nerve and branches of the cervical spinal nerves

Question 15

Epidural hematoma

Answer 15

Accumulation of blood between the dura and skill

Question 16

What causes a epidural hematoma?

Answer 16

Rupture of the middle meningeal artery

Question 17

Where is the fall cerebra located?

Answer 17

• Midline, vertical
• Between left and right central hemispheres

Question 18

Where is the tentoruum cerebelli located?

Answer 18

• Horizontal
• Between cerebrum and cerebellum

Question 19

What divides the anial vault into supratentorial and infratentorial components?

Answer 19

Tentoruum cerebelli

Question 20

Sella turica holds what structure?

Answer 20

Pituitary gland

Question 21

Brain herniation

Answer 21

Shift of brain tissue from its normal position into an adjacent space

Question 22

Brain herniations occurs because of…

Answer 22

Occurs as result of increased intracranial pressure due to mass effec

Question 23

CSF fluid comes from the…

Answer 23

Subarachnoid space

Question 24

Dural venous sinuses function

Answer 24

Venous channels found between the layers of dura matter that receive venous blood from veins of the brain and CSF

Question 25

Where do cerebral veins drain into?

Answer 25

Dural venous sinuses

Question 26

Bridging veins

Answer 26

Deliver blood from the brain to the dural venous sinuses

Question 27

Rupture of bridging veins causes...

Answer 27

Subdural hematoma

Question 28

Subdural hematoma

Answer 28

Accumulation of blood between the dura and arachnoid

Question 29

Where do the sigmoid and inferior petrosal sinuses drain into? Through which foramen?

Answer 29

- Drain into the internal jugular vein - Jugular foramen

Question 30

Maxillary infection can spread to the...

Answer 30

Cavernous sinus

Question 31

Structures within the cavernous sinus include...

Answer 31

- Internal carotid artery - CN III - CN IV - CN V1 - CN V2 - CN VI

Question 32

CSF is continuously produced by the...

Answer 32

Choroid plexus in ventricles

Question 33

How is CSF fluid delivered to the venous circulation?

Answer 33

Through the arachnoid granulations and villi, reabsorbed here

Question 34

Vertebral artery

Answer 34

- Branch of the subclavian artery - Posterior circulation

Question 35

Internal carotid artery

Answer 35

- Branch of the common carotid artery - Anterior circulation

Question 36

Where is the circle of Willis located?

Answer 36

Base of brain

Question 37

The circle of willis provides...

Answer 37

Collateral circualation

Question 38

What does the internal carotid artery branch into?

Answer 38

- Middle cerebral artery - Anterior cerebral arter

Question 39

Where does the anterior cerebral artery course through?

Answer 39

Goes in between cerebral hemispheres

Question 40

What does the vertebral artery branch into?

Answer 40

- Superior cerebellar artery - Pontine arteries - Anterior inferior cerebellar arteries - Posterior inferior cerebellar artery - Posterior cerebral artery - Basilar artery

Question 41

The anterior communicating artery connects...

Answer 41

Connects left and right cerebral arteries

Question 42

The posterior communicating artery connects...

Answer 42

Internal carotid artery and posterior cerebral artery

Question 43

What arteries does the circle of Willis contain?

Answer 43

- Internal carotid arteries - Anterior cerebral arteries - Anterior communicating artery - Posterior cerebral arteries - Posterior communicating artery

Question 44

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Answer 44

- Blood within subarachnoid space - Lumbar puncture can diagnose

Question 45

What artery courses within subarachnoid space?

Answer 45

Cerebral arteries

Question 46

Epidural hematoma source

Answer 46

Source is the middle meningeal artery

Question 47

Subdural hematoma source

Answer 47

Source is bridging veins

Question 48

Subarachnoid hematoma source

Answer 48

Source is the cerebral vasculature

Question 49

The tenorium cerebelli attaches to the...

Answer 49

Lesser wing of the sphenoid

Question 50

What attaches to the crista galli?

Answer 50

Falx cerebri

Question 51

Where does the tenorium cerebelli attach?

Answer 51

Lesser wing of the sphenoid bone

Question 52

What foramen does the middle meningeal artery go through?

Answer 52

Foramen spinosum