Root of Neck

Question 1

Boundaries of root of neck

Answer 1

• Anterior is manubrium of sternum
• Lateral is first rib
  = Posterior is body of first thoracic vertebrae

Question 2

Scalene muscles are considered to be…

Answer 2

Accessory respiratory muscles

Question 3

Scalene muscles actions

Answer 3

Ipsilateral tilting of the neck and elevation of the first two ribs

Question 4

Does the subclavian vein course anterior or posterior to the anterior scalene muscle?

Answer 4

Anterior

Question 5

Does the subclavian artery course anterior or posterior to the anterior scalene muscle?

Answer 5

Posterior

Question 6

What structure is in in between the anterior scalene and middle scalene muscles?

Answer 6

Branches of brachial plexus

Question 7

Interscalene triangle

Answer 7

The space between the anterior and middle scalene muscles

Question 8

Pre-vertebral musculature

Answer 8

All the muscles that insert into the vertebrae instead of the ribs

Question 9

Phrenic nerve

Answer 9

Comes from the cervical plexus and goes along the anterior part of the anterior scalene muscle

Question 10

Where is the phrenic nerve trying to go?

Answer 10

Towards thoracic cavity to get to diaphragm

Question 11

Phrenic nerve function

Answer 11

Allows us to breathe

Question 12

Where is the vagus nerve located?

Answer 12

• In carotid sheath
• Medial to phrenic nerve
• Next to internal jugular v. and common carotid a

Question 13

Right recurrent laryngeal nerve branches from…

Answer 13

Vagus nerve

Question 14

Right recurrent laryngeal nerve goes to the…

Answer 14

Larynx

Question 15

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve branches from…

Answer 15

Branches from the vagus nerve in the thoracic cavity, near heart

Question 16

What groove does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve pass through?

Answer 16

Tracheoesophageal groove

Question 17

Tracheoesophageal groove

Answer 17

Groove with the trachea and esophagus

Question 18

Sympathetic trunk location

Answer 18

Located in the plane posterior to the carotid sheath and anterior to pre-vertebral musculature

Question 19

Sympathetic source

Answer 19

Thoracic and lumbar regions

Question 20

Parasympathetic source

Answer 20

Craniosacral system

Question 21

The cervical ganglia is included in the…

Answer 21

Sympathetic trunk

Question 22

Which pathway is a 2 neuron pathway

Answer 22

Autonomic motor innervation

Question 23

Preganglionic neurons are located in the…

Answer 23

CNS

Question 24

Preganglionic neurons project their axons into…

Answer 24

Autonomic ganglia in the PNS

Question 25

Postganglionic neurons are located in the

Answer 25

PNS

Question 26

Postganglionic neurons project their axons to...

Answer 26

The target structure, such as a gland, smooth muscle, etc.

Question 27

Steps of sympathetic division are...

Answer 27

- Preganglionic sympathetic neurons in the T1-L2 - Sympathetic chain - Postganglionic sympathetic neurons in the superior cervical ganglion - Periarterial plexuses - Target structures in the head like glands, smooth muscle, etc

Question 28

Subclavian artery supplies the...

Answer 28

Supplies head, brain, neck, and thorax

Question 29

The subclavian artery changes to the axillary artery at the...

Answer 29

Armpit

Question 30

What are the 4 major branches of the subclavian artery?

Answer 30

- Internal thoracic - Thyrocervical - Vertebral artery - Costocervical trunk

Question 31

Internal thoracic artery

Answer 31

Goes to the chest wall structures

Question 32

Thyrocervical artery

Answer 32

Goes upward, branches come off of this but do not need to name them

Question 33

Vertebral artery

Answer 33

Immediately goes into the openings in the cervical vertebrae

Question 34

What are the two main arterial suppliers of the brain?

Answer 34

Internal carotid artery and vertebral artery

Question 35

Costocervical trunk

Answer 35

Going the ribs and cervical area

Question 37

Subclavian vein joins with the internal jugular vein to form...

Answer 37

The brachiocephalic vein

Question 38

Thoracic duct

Answer 38

Returns lymph from most of the body into venous circulation

Question 39

Where is the thoracic duct located?

Answer 39

- Left venous angle - Corner of the left internal jugular and left subclavian veins