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DHBS 301 > Pharynx and Larynx > Flashcards

Pharynx and Larynx Flashcards

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1
Q

What is in the upper respiratory tract?

A
  • Nose
  • Nasal cavity
  • Paranasal sinuses
  • Pharynx
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2
Q

What is in the lower respiratory tract?

A
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Lungs
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3
Q

Is the pharynx part of the digestive system?

A

Yes

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4
Q

Larynx borders

A
  • Pharynx
  • Trachea
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5
Q

Larynx functions

A
  • Conducts air
  • Prevents food from entering trachea
  • Produces sound
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6
Q

Phonation

A

Sound producing

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7
Q

What is the only complete ring of cartilage in the body?

A

Cricoid cartilage

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8
Q

What cartilage has the laryngeal prominence?

A

Thyroid cartilage

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9
Q

Epiglottis function

A

Valve to allow the passage of food into the esophagus

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10
Q

During swallowing, where is the epiglottis?

A

Closes the laryngeal opening

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11
Q

What attaches to and aids the movement of the vocal folds?

A

Arytenoid cartilage

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12
Q

What is the cricothyroid membrane an important landmark for?

A

Establishing an airway in a life saving emergency, called a cricothyrotomy

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13
Q

Rima glottidis

A

Space between the right and left vocal ligaments and folds

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14
Q

Muscles of the larynx function

A

Movement of the vocal ligaments and folds to alter the size and shape of the rims glottidis

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15
Q

What do intrinsic muscles of the larynx do?

A

Move the cartilages to abduct, adduct, tense, or relax the vocal folds/ligaments

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16
Q

Where do the vocal ligaments span?

A

From the arytenoid and thyroid cartilages

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17
Q

What is the only muscle that works to abduct the vocal cords to open the rims glottidis?

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscles

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18
Q

What adducts the vocal cords?

A
  • Arytenoid muscle
  • Lateral cricoartenoid muscle
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19
Q

Arytenoid muscle function

A
  • Pulls arytenoid cartilages together medially
  • Addduct vocal cords
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20
Q

Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle function

A
  • Rotate arytenoid cartilages
  • Adduct vocal cords
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21
Q

Cricothyroid muscle action

A

Tilts the thyroid cartilage forward to lengthen the vocal cords

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22
Q

Thyroarytenoid muscle action

A

Pulls arytenoid cartilages closer to the thyroid cartilage to shorten the vocal cords

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23
Q

What primary provides sensory and motor innervation to the larynx?

A

Vagus nerve

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24
Q

What provides motor innervation to the cricothyroid muscle?

A

External laryngeal nerve

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25
The recurrent laryngeal nerve innervates...
Motor innervation to all intrinsic laryngeal muscles except the cricothyroid muscle
26
What provides sensory innervation above the vocal folds?
Internal laryngeal nerve
27
What provides sensory innervation below the vocal folds?
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
28
What does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve loop under?
Subclavian artery
29
What does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve loop under?
Arch of the aorta
30
Where do the right and left recurrent laryngeal nerves arise from?
Vagus nerve
31
Where does the recurrent laryngeal nerve course?
- Tracheosophageal groove - Deep to thyroid - Larynx
32
Laryngitis
Inflammation of the larynx
33
Where does the trachea start?
Inferior to the cricoid cartilage
34
The trachea is comprised of how many C shaped cartilages? What is their function?
- 15-20 - Make it rigid for airway
35
Where does the trachea extend into?
Mediastinum of the thoracic cavity
36
Trachea bifurcation
Parts into left and right primary bronchi at the carina
37
Where is the pharynx relative to the larynx?
Posterior
38
Superior constrictor muscle origin
Pharyngeal tubercle
39
What bone is the pharyngeal tubercle located on?
Occipital
40
What bone is the pterygoid hamalus on?
Medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid
41
What serves as a sling for the tensor veil palatini muscle?
Pterygoid hamalus
42
What goes through the pharynx?
- Food and fluid - Air
43
What are the three parts of the pharynx?
- Nasopharynx - Oropharynx - Laryngopharynx
44
Pharynx location relative to the vertebral column?
Immediately anterior
45
Nasopharynx location
- Posterior to nasal cavity - Superior to soft palate
46
Nasopharynx function
Conduct air between the nasal cavity and the oropharynx
47
Pharyngeal tonsils location
Roof of the nasopharynx
48
Pharyngeal tonsils are part of the...
Wanderer's ring of lymphoid tissue
49
What is the tubal tonsil?
Collection of lymphatic tissue surrounding the opening to the auditory tube
50
The nasopharynx connects to what structure? Through what?
Middle ear through the auditory tube
51
Why does the nasopharynx connect to the middle ear?
Equalize pressure between the middle ear and the atmosphere
52
What does the torus tubarius surround?
Auditory tube
53
What does the salpingopharyngeal fold overlies?
Salpingopharyngeus muscle
54
Is the salpingopharyngeus muscle longitudinal or constrictor muscle?
Longitudinal
55
What does the soft palate do during swallowing?
Elevates and closes off the nasopharynx
56
What is the boundary between the nasopharynx and the oropharynx?
Soft palate
57
How does the soft palatal musculature act on the middle ear?
Opens the auditory tube when swelling to equalize pressure
58
What innervates the tensor veil palatini?
CN V3
59
What innervates the elevator veil palatini?
Vagus nerve
60
Tensor veil palatini origin
Scaphoid fossa
61
Tensor veil palatini insertion
Palatine aponeurosis, posterior aspect of the hard palate
62
Levator veil palatini origin
Cartilaginous auditory tube and inferior surface of the temporal bone
63
Tensor veil palatini and levator veil palatini function
Elevate the palate to prevent food from entering the nasopharynx
64
What does the tensor veil palatini wrap around?
Hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate
65
The soft palate receives motor innervation primarily from the...
Vagus nerve
66
Oropharynx location
Soft palate to the hyoid
67
What tonsils are in Waldeyer's ring?
- Pharyngeal tonsils - Tubal tonsils - Palatine tonsils - Lingual tonsils
68
Laryngopharynx location
Hyoid bone to the larynx
69
Piriform recess surrounds...
- Laryngeal orifice - Food gets trapped here
70
Where do all 3 longitudinal muscles insert at?
Thyroid cartilage
71
Salpingopharyngeus muscle origin?
Auditory tube
72
Palatopharyngeus muscle origin
Palate
73
Stylopharyngus muscle origin
Styoid process
74
Longitudinal pharyngeal muscle function
Elevate the larynx during swallowing and open the auditory tube
75
Stylopharyngus muscle motor innervation
Glossopharyngeal nerve
76
Common insertion of all 3 pharyngeal constrictor muscles?
Pharyngeal raphe, which attaches to the pharyngeal tubercle on the base of the skull
77
Superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle origin?
Pterygomandibular raphe
78
Middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle origin?
Hyoid bone and stylohyoid ligament
79
Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle origin?
Cricoid and thyroid cartilage
80
Primary motor innervation to the pharynx and soft palate?
Vagus
81
Primary sensory innervation to the pharynx?
- CN V3 - CN IX - CN X
82
How does food move down the esophagus?
Peristaltic contractions
83
Upper esophageal sphincter function
Regulates passage of bolus from the pharynx to the esophagus
84
Lower esophageal sphincter function
Regulates the passage of bolus from the esophagus to the stomach
85
Which spinster plays a role in preventing the reflux of gastric contents?
Lower esophageal sphincter function
86
The esophagus passes through what to enter the abdominal cavity?
Diaphragm at T10
87
What phases of swallowing are involuntary?
Pharyngeal and esophageal
88
What phase of swallowing is voluntary?
Oral

DHBS 301 (21 decks)

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