Cranial Nerves Overview Flashcards
1
Q
Structural classification of nervous system
A
- CNS: Brain and spinal cord
- PNS: Spinal nerves and ganglia
2
Q
Functional classification of the nervous system
A
- Somatic nervous system, voluntary
- Autonomic nervous system, involuntary
3
Q
Motor component of somatic nervous system
A
Skeletal muscle contraction
4
Q
Sensory component of somatic nervous system
A
Touch, pain, temperature, etc.
5
Q
Motor component of autonomic nevous system
A
- Sympathetic
- Parasympathetic
- Cardiac and smooth muscle, glands
6
Q
Sensor component of autonomic nervous system
A
Sensation from the viscera
7
Q
Sympathetic nervous system
A
- Functions to mobilize resources of body when demands are increased
- Thoracolumbar
8
Q
Parasympathetic
A
Functions in the restoration or conservation of energy and resources, craniosacral system
9
Q
Parasympathetic nervous system vs sympathetic nervous system
A
- Distinct CNS origins
- Distinct ganglia
- Same targets, opposing actions
10
Q
Visceral motor innervation structure
A
2-neuron pathway with an intervening ganglion
11
Q
How many cranial nerves are there?
A
12
12
Q
Somatic functions of cranial nerves
A
Provides motor and sensory innervation to somatic structures in the head and neck
13
Q
Autonomic functions of the cranial nerves
A
Mediate sensation from the viscera and provide parasympathetic (visceral motor) innervation for visceral functions
14
Q
Special sensory function of cranial nerves
A
Mediate vision, hearing, balance, olfaction, and taste
15
Q
Cranial nerves emerging from the midbrain
A
III, IV
16
Q
Cranial nerves emerging from the pons
A
V, VI, VII, VIII
17
Q
Cranial nerves emerging from the medulla
A
IX, X, XI, XII
18
Q
What cranial nerves do not come from the brainstem?
A
I and II
19
Q
CN I is associated with the…
A
Cerebral hemispheres
20
Q
CN II is associated with the…
A
Thalamus
21
Q
What CN does not emerge from the ventral part of the brainstem/
A
CN IV Trochlear nerve
22
Q
Sensory cranial nerves
A
I, II, VIII
23
Q
Motor cranial nerves
A
III, IV, VI, XI, XII
24
Q
Mixed cranial nerves
A
V, VII, IX, X
25
General/somatic sensory CNs are... What are their functions?
- V, VII, IX, X
- Sensation from the skin, joints, muscle spindles, etc.
- Touch, pain, pressure, vibrations, etc.
26
Visceral sensory CNs are... What are their functions?
- IX, X
- Sensation from cervical, thoracic, and abdominal viscera
27
Special sensory CNs are... What are their functions?
- I, II, VIII, VII, IX, X
- Sensation from the specialized receptors that mediate olfaction, vision, hearing, balance, and taste
28
General somatic motor CNs are... What are their functions?
- III, IV, V, VI, VII, IX, X, XI, XII
-Motor innervation skeletal muscles
29
Visceral motor CNs are... What are their functions?
- Parasympathetic innervation to visceral structures
- Cardiac muscle, smooth muscle glands
30
Jugular foramen
IX, X, XI
31
Internal auditory meatus
VII, VIII
32
Superior orbital fissure
III, IV, V, VI
33
Cavernous sinus
III, IV, V1, V2, VI
34
Olfactory receptor neurons are located where? What do they respond to?
- Within the olfactory mucosa of the roof of the nasal cavity
- Respond to airborne odorant molecules
35
Where are the olfactory dendrites located?
Olfactory epithelium
36
Where do the olfactory nerves pass through?
Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
37
Damage/injury to the olfactory nerve can result in...
Result in olfactory deficits/lost of smell
38
Anosmia
Loss of smell
39
How is light bent/refracted in the eye
By the curvatures of the cornea and the lens
40
What foramen does the optic nerve go through?
Optic foramen in the sphenoid bone
41
Optic chiasm
- Some fibers cross over, some stay on the same side
- Then continues to optic tract
42
Damage of the optic nerve can result in...
Visual deficits or blindness
43
Oculomotor nerve, CN III controls...
- Medial rectus muscle
- Superior rectus muscle
- Inferior rectus muscle
- Inferior oblique muscle
44
What nerve controls the levator palpebrae superioris muscle?
CN III
45
Levator palpebrae superioris muscle
Visceral motor component, parasympathetic
46
How does the Levator palpebrae superioris muscle work?
- Taking parasympathetic information to ganglion in eye called ciliary ganglion
- Signal goes to ciliary body
- And then signal goes to the sphincter pupillae muscle
47
Ciliary body
Lens accommodation
48
Sphincter pupillae muscle
Pupil constriction
49
CN IV
Superior oblique muscle
50
Superior oblique muscle action
Depress and abduct the eye
51
CN VI
Lateral rectus muscle
52
Lateral rectus muscle action
Abduct the eye
53
Damage to CN III, IV, or VI result in...
Blurred vision
54
Diplopia
Blurred vision
55
CN V cell bodies are located...
In the trigeminal ganglion
56
CN V1
Ophthalmic branch
57
CN V1 exits through the
Superior orbital fissure
58
CN V1 gives rise to...
Sensory branches
59
CN V2
Maxillary branch
60
CN V2 exits through the
Foramen rotundum
61
CN V2 gives rise to...
Sensory branches
62
CN V3
Mandibular branch
63
CN V3 gives rise to...
Sensory and motor branches
64
CN V3 exits through the foramen ovale
65
CN V function is...
Mediate sensation from the skin of face, teeth, oral, nasal, and some pharyngeal mucosa
66
Motor branches of V3
provide motor innervation to the muscles of mastication (chewing muscles) and other muscles
67
CN V2 and V3 mediation sensation from...
Teeth & adjacent gingiva
68
Damage/injury of the overall trigeminal nerve results in...
Impaired sensation
69
Damage/injury to motor branches of CNV3 can result in...
- Masticatory muscle paralysis/weakness
- Jaw laxity
- Contralateral deviation of jaw at rest
70
Trigeminal neuralgia
Facial neuropathic pain syndrome of unknown etiology by sudden shock or stabbing from the maxilla or mandible
71
CN VII motor function
To muscles of facial expression and more
72
CN VII sensory function
From skin of external ear
73
CN VII parasympathetic function
- Lacrimal gland
- Submandibular gland
- Sublingual gland
- Nasal glands
- Oral glands
- Pharyngeal glands
74
CN VII special sensory functions
Taste on anterior ⅔ of the tongue
75
CN VII passes through the...
Internal auditory (acoustic) meatus in temporal bone
76
Damage/lesion to CN VII result in...
Result in paralysis of muscles of facial expression on the side of the face
77
Bell’s Palsy
Idiopathic facial paralysis
78
CN IX motor function
Stylopharyngeus muscle in the pharynx
79
CN IX parasympathetic function
Parotid gland
80
CN IX general sensory function
Posterior ⅓ of tongue and skin of ear
81
CN IX special sensory function
For taste on posterior ⅓ of the tongue
82
CN IX visceral sensory function
From carotid body and carotid sinus
83
CN IX is located...
Transverse along the jugular foramen with internal jugular vein
84
CN X motor function
Goes to most muscles of the plate, pharynx, and larynx
85
CN X parasympathetic function
Goes to thoracic and abdominal viscera
86
CN X sensory function
From skin of ear, pharynx, and larynx
87
CN X special sensory functions
For taste on epiglottis
88
CN X visceral sensory function
From cervical, thoracic, and abdominal viscera
89
CN X is located...
Transverse along the jugular foramen with internal jugular vein
90
CN XI has components from the...
Medulla and spine (C1-C5)
91
Spinal component of CN XI enters the cranial cavity through the...
Foramen magnum
92
The spinal component and cranial component of CN XI exit the skull through...
The jugular foramen
93
CN XI motor innervation
- Sternocleidomastoid - trapezius muscles
94
CN XII exits through the...
Hypoglossal foramen
95
CN XII goes to the
Anterior cervical triangle into the oral cavity
96
CN XII motor innervation
Tongue musculature (all the muscles of the tongue
