Pre-Class Reading Assignment for TBL 4

Question 1

The pharynx is a..

Answer 1

Mucous membrane-lined, muscular tube

Question 2

Pharynx location

Answer 2

Posterior to the nasal cavity, oral cavity, and larynx

Question 3

Pharynx function

Answer 3

• Conveys air from the nose to respiratory passages
• Food/fluids from the oral cavity to the esophagus

Question 4

How is air forced through the pharynx?

Answer 4

Positive and negative changes in lung air pressure

Question 5

How is food/fluids forced through the pharynx?

Answer 5

Propelled by peristaltic muscular contractions of the pharyngeal walls

Question 6

Pharynx regions

Answer 6

• Nasopharynx
• Oropharynx
• Laryngopharynx

Question 7

What is the nasopharynx continuous with?

Answer 7

Nasal cavity

Question 8

What is cartilaginous elevation of the lateral wall of the nasopharynx called?

Answer 8

Torus tubarius

Question 9

What opening is in the nasopharynx?

Answer 9

Ostium of the auditory tube

Question 10

What is the function of the auditory tube?

Answer 10

• Provides communication between the nasopharynx and middle ear
• Equilibrate air pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane

Question 11

How can infections spread easily to the middle ear?

Answer 11

Auditory tube

Question 12

Levator palati muscle location

Answer 12

• Pyramidal shaped fold that ends on the soft palate
• Extends inferiorly from the osmium of the auditory tube

Question 13

Levator palati muscle action

Answer 13

Elevating the soft palate to block the nasal passage during swallowing

Question 14

Pharyngeal tonsil location

Answer 14

Posterior superior wall of the nasopharynx

Question 15

What does the soft palate divide?

Answer 15

Divide the superiorly located nasopharynx from the oropharynx

Question 16

Palatopharyngeal arch/fold location

Answer 16

• Lateral wall
• Fold extending from the palatine into the pharynx

Question 17

What kind of muscle is the palatopharyngeus muscle?

Answer 17

Longitudinal muscle

Question 18

What demarcates the oropharynx posteriorly to the oral cavity?

Answer 18

Palatopharyngeus fold

Question 19

Another name for posterior and anterior pillars?

Answer 19

Palatopharyngeal and palatoglossal arches

Question 20

Lingual tonsil location

Answer 20

Dorsal surface of the tongue

Question 21

What surrounds the valleculae?

Answer 21

The median and lateral glossoepiglottic folds

Question 22

Epiglottis is the demarcation between the…

Answer 22

Oropharynx and laryngopharynx

Question 23

Laryngopharynx borders

Answer 23

Epiglottic cartilage to the cricoid cartilage

Question 24

Piriform recesses

Answer 24

Depressions near the base of the larynx that can trap poorly chewed food

Question 25

Pharyngeal raphe attachment

Answer 25

Pharyngeal tubercle on the base of the occipital bone

Question 26

Pharyngeal constrictor function

Answer 26

Constrict sequentially to propel food/fluids through the pharynx

Question 27

Superior pharyngeal constrictor origins

Answer 27

- Base of the skull - Inner surface of the mandible on the pterygomandibular raphe

Question 28

Middle pharyngeal constrictor origin

Answer 28

- Stylohyoid ligament - Hyoid bone

Question 29

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle origin

Answer 29

Lateral surfaces of the thyroid and cricoid cartilages

Question 30

Three longitudinal pharyngeal muscles

Answer 30

- Salpingopharyngeus muscle - Palatopharyngeus muscle - Stylopharyngeus muscle

Question 31

Stylopharyngeus origin

Answer 31

Styloid process

Question 32

Where do the longitudinal pharyngeal muscles insert together?

Answer 32

Posterior, superior aspect of the thyroid cartilage

Question 33

What provides motor innervation to most constrictor and longitudinal muscles?

Answer 33

Vagus nerve

Question 34

What innervates the stylopharynges muscle

Answer 34

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 35

What lines the larynx?

Answer 35

Mucos membrane

Question 36

Larynx borders

Answer 36

Epiglottis to the cricoid cartilage

Question 37

Arytenoid carriages importance

Answer 37

Vocal apparatus structure

Question 38

Vocal fold location

Answer 38

Extends from the arytenoid cartilages to the inner surface of the thyroid cartilage

Question 39

Vocal fold function

Answer 39

Speech production

Question 40

Larynx vestibule location

Answer 40

Epiglottis to the vestibular folds

Question 41

"False" vocal folds are called

Answer 41

Vestibular folds

Question 42

Larynx ventricle location

Answer 42

Below vestibular folds and above vocal folds

Question 43

Larynx infraglottic cavity location

Answer 43

Inferior to vocal fold, above the trachea

Question 44

Rima glottis

Answer 44

Space between the right and left vocal folds

Question 45

When does the rima glottis move?

Answer 45

Phonation, respiration, and holding breath

Question 46

Rima glottis location during phonation

Answer 46

Lightly opposed

Question 47

Rima glottis location during respiration

Answer 47

Wide apart

Question 48

Rima glottis location during holding of breath

Answer 48

Tightly shut

Question 49

What moves the rima glottis?

Answer 49

Small laryngeal muscles that are attached to different portions of the arytenoid cartilages and vocal folds

Question 50

Cricothyroid muscle innervation

Answer 50

External laryngeal nerve, CN X

Question 51

What are most laryngeal muscles innervated by?

Answer 51

Recurrent laryngeal nerve, CN X

Question 52

General sensations within the larynx is mediated by...

Answer 52

- Internal laryngeal branches of CN X - Recurrent laryngeal branches of CN X

Question 53

Lymph is returned to the circulatory system through...

Answer 53

Lymphatic vessels

Question 54

Where do lymphatic vessels ultimately pass through?

Answer 54

- Right lymphatic duct - Thoracic duct

Question 55

Lymph nodes purpose

Answer 55

Act as filters to trap and phagocytose foreign substances

Question 56

Submental nodes

Answer 56

Lower lip, mandibular incisors, and tip of tongue

Question 57

Submandibular nodes

Answer 57

- Receive from submental nodes - Maxillary and mandibular teeth and gingiva - Palate - Tongue

Question 58

Superior deep cervical nodes

Answer 58

Receive from submittal and submandibular nodes

Question 59

What node ultimately receives lymph from all points within the oral cavity and most of the head?

Answer 59

Superior deep cervical nodes

Question 60

What is fascia?

Answer 60

Fibrous sheath of connective tissue that surrounds muscles, blood vessels, nerves, and organs

Question 61

Fascia function

Answer 61

Subdivide the body into compartments in order to isolate infection or to facilitate the spread of infection from one region to another

Question 62

Infections associated with the oral cavity are typically in what fascial spaces?

Answer 62

- Sublingual space - Submandibular space - Superficial space - Masticatory space

Question 63

Inefctions associated with the mandibular teeth in the sublingual and submandibular spaces have the potential to pass to the...

Answer 63

- Retropharyngeal space - If infection is bad enough, it can erode the alar fascia into the danger space, then go into the mediastinum

Question 64

What divides the oral cavity?

Answer 64

Hard palate

Question 65

What does the oral cavity have communications with?

Answer 65

- Face - Oropharynx

Question 66

Vestibule

Answer 66

Area between the teeth and cheek/lips

Question 67

Oral cavity proper

Answer 67

Region surrounded by the dental arches

Question 68

Hard palate components

Answer 68

Portions of the maxilla and palatine bone

Question 69

Nasopalatine nerve supplies the...

Answer 69

Incisors and canine teeth

Question 70

The greater palatine nerve, artery, and vein supply the...

Answer 70

Hard palate near the maxillary molars and premolar teeth

Question 71

The lesser palatine nerve, artery, and vein supply the...

Answer 71

Soft palate

Question 72

Uvula

Answer 72

Fleshy posterior extension of the soft palate

Question 73

Palatoglossal fold/arch

Answer 73

Most anterior fold of the soft palate

Question 74

Palatopharyngeal fold/arch

Answer 74

Most posterior fold of the soft palate

Question 75

Where are the palatine tonsils located?

Answer 75

In between folds

Question 76

Palatoglossal fold marks the border between...

Answer 76

The oral cavity proper and the oropharynx

Question 77

Filliform papillae

Answer 77

Small, sharply pointed, dorsal side

Question 78

Fungiform papillae

Answer 78

Small, rounded, dorsal side

Question 79

Foliate papillae

Answer 79

Rows on lateral side of tongue

Question 80

Circumvallate papillae

Answer 80

V shaped, large

Question 81

Which papillae contain taste buds?

Answer 81

Fungiform, foliate, and circumvallate papillae

Question 82

What papillae lack taste buds? What is their function?

Answer 82

- Filiform - Touch/general sensation

Question 83

Sulcus terminalis divides what?

Answer 83

Divides the anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 of tongue

Question 84

Anterior 2/3 of tongue is called

Answer 84

- Body of tongue - Located in oral cavity

Question 85

Posterior 1/3 of tongue is called

Answer 85

- Root of tongue - Located in oropharynx

Question 86

What covered the root of the tongue?

Answer 86

Lingual tonsils

Question 87

Foramen cecum location

Answer 87

At the point of the sulcus terminals V

Question 88

What is the foramen cecum?

Answer 88

Vestigial remnant of the thyroglossal duct