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Term 1 > Cross Sectional Anatomy (Extremities) > Flashcards

Cross Sectional Anatomy (Extremities) Flashcards

(108 cards)

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1
Q

Osseous Components of the Shoulder

A
  • scapula
  • clavicle
  • humeral head
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2
Q

Osseous Components of the Arm/Brachium

A

-humerus

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3
Q

Osseous Components of the Elbow

A
  • humerus
  • radius
  • ulna
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4
Q

Osseous Components of the Forearm

A
  • radius

- ulna

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5
Q

Osseous Components of the Hand

A
  • carpals
  • metacarpals
  • phalanges
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6
Q

Muscles of the Trunk to Scapula

A
  • trapezius
  • rhomboids
  • levator scapulae
  • pectoralis minor
  • serratus anterior
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7
Q

Muscle of the Trunk to Humerus

A
  • pectoralis major

- latissimus dorsi

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8
Q

Muscles of Scapula to Humerus

A
  • deltoid
  • supraspinatous
  • subscapularis
  • infraspinatous
  • teres minor
  • teres major
  • coracobrachialis
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9
Q

Muscles of Rotator Cuff

A

(SITS)

  • supraspinatous
  • infraspinatous
  • teres minor
  • subscapularis
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10
Q

Fascial Compartments of Extremities

A

-in TRV, segments of limbs are divided into multiple sections

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11
Q

How are the fascial compartments of extremities formed?

A
  • by tough connective tissue septums
  • also attach to the bone
  • wrap around different muscle groups to keep in place
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12
Q

What does each fascial compartments of extremities have?

A
  • nerve supply

- blood supply

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13
Q

Do muscles grouped together usually perform the same function?

A

Yes.

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14
Q

What are compartments surrounded by peripherally?

A
  • deep fascia

- skin

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15
Q

What divides the compartments of the brachium?

A

-humerus

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16
Q

What are the anterior and posterior compartments of the brachium separated by?

A

-intermuscular septum/fascia

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17
Q

Anterior Flexors of Brachium

A
  • biceps brachii (3 heads)
  • brachialis
  • coracobrachialis (superior)
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18
Q

Posterior Extenders of Brachium

A

Triceps (3 heads):

  • medial head
  • lateral head
  • long head
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19
Q

Where is the intertubercular (bicipital) groove?

A

-on head of humerus

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20
Q

What is located in the intertubercular (bicipital) groove?

A

-long head of biceps brachii muscle

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21
Q

What is an area of the arm that is often affected by tears/inflammation in elderly and people who play sports?

A

-intertubercular (bicipital) groove

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22
Q

Where is the corabobrachialis?

A

-only on the superior aspect of the humerus

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23
Q

What is the antecubital fossa?

A

-triangular area on anterior side of elbow joint

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24
Q

What does the antecubital fossa contain?

A

-vessels and nerves from arm to forearm

  • median nerve
  • brachial artery
  • brachial vein
  • tendon of biceps brachii
  • radial nerve
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25
What is frequently measured at the antecubital fossa?
-BP
26
What veins are frequently used for venipuncture?
- median cephalic and basilic veins | - in antecubital fossa
27
Osseous Components of the Forearm
- olecranon - radial head - radial tuberosity
28
Olecranon
- point of elbow | - funny bone
29
What allows the wrist to supinate/pronate?
-radial head
30
What is the attachment of the biceps tendon?
-radial tuberosity
31
What separated the anterior and posterior compartments of the forearm?
- radius/ulna - intermuscular membrane - interosseous membrane
32
What do the compartments of the forearm act on?
-hand, wrist, fingers
33
Anterior Compartment of the Forearm
-flexor and pronator muscles
34
Posterior Compartment of the Forearm
-extensor and supination muscles
35
Carpal Tunnel
- groove or tunnel bound with ligaments - filled with flexor tendons and median nerve - compression may lead to carpal tunnel syndrome
36
Veins of the Arm
- brachiocephalic vein - subclavian vein - cephalic vein - axillary vein - brachial veins - basilic veins - ulnar vein - radial vein
37
Which compartment is the biceps brachii muscle in?
-anterior
38
Which compartment is the triceps brachii in?
-posterior
39
Basilic Vein
-superficial vein on medial aspect of arm
40
Cephalic Vein
-superficial vein on lateral aspect of arm
41
What connects the radius (lateral) to the ulna (medial)?
-interosseous membrane
42
Where is the median nerve located?
-within carpal tunnel
43
Are flexors anterior or posterior?
-anterior
44
Are extensors anterior or posterior?
-posterior
45
Where is the supraspinatus muscle?
-above scapular spine
46
Where is the infraspinatus muscle?
-below scapular spine
47
Where is the subscapularis muscle?
-on body of scapula
48
Where is the long head of the biceps brachii muscle?
-bicipital groove
49
Osseous Components of the Thigh
1) femur - greater/lesser trochanters - medial/later condyles and epicondyles 2) patella
50
What is the superior boundary of the gluteal region?
-iliac crest
51
What is the inferior boundary of the gluteal region?
- lower margin of gluteus Maximus muscle | - marked by a crease below gluteal fold
52
What is the gluteal region continuous with superiorly?
-lower trunk
53
What is the gluteal region continuous with inferiorly?
-posterior surface of thigh
54
Gluteus Maximus
- largest - most superficial - powerful extensor of the thigh
55
Muscles of Gluteal Region
- gluteus maximus - gluteus medius - gluteus minimus - obturator externus - obturator internus - piriformis - gemellus superior and inferior - quadratus femoris
56
Anterior Compartment of the Thigh
1) sartorius 2) quadriceps femoris - rectus femoris - vastus lateralis - vastus intermedius (deep to RF) - vastus medialis
57
What do the muscles int he anterior compartment of the thigh do?
- extends leg | - flexes thigh
58
What is the tendon that is common for all 4 quadriceps femoris muscles continuous with, and where does it insert?
- continuous with patellar ligament | - inserts on the tibial tuberosity
59
Medial Compartment of the Thigh
- pectineus - adductor longus - adductor brevis - adductor magnus - gracilis
60
What does the medial compartment of the thigh do?
-adducts the thigh
61
Posterior Compartment of the Thigh
Hamstring Muscles: - biceps femoris (most lateral) - semitendinosus - semimembranosus (wider, flatter and deeper than semitendinosus)
62
What does the posterior compartment of the thigh do?
-flexes leg at the knee
63
Where is the femoral triangle?
-upper, medial part of anterior muscle compartment
64
What is the superior margin (base) of the femoral triangle formed by?
-ingunial ligament
65
What is the medial border of the femoral triangle?
-lateral border of adducts longs
66
What is the lateral border of the femoral triangle?
-medial border of sartorius
67
What is the adductor canal also known as?
- Hunter's Canal | - subsartorial canal
68
What does the adductor canal link?
-apex of femoral triangle to the popliteal fossa
69
Adductor Canal
- narrow conical tunnel - on medial aspect of thigh - passage for femoral artery and vein as they descend into popliteal fossa
70
Popliteal Fossa
- diamond shapes - fat filled - behind knee
71
Where do the vessels from the thigh pass through to become the popliteal artery and vein?
-popliteal fossa
72
What is the upper margin of the political fossa?
- tendons | - hamstrings
73
What is the inferior margin of the popliteal fossa?
-2 heads of the gastrocnemius muscle
74
Knee Joint Ligaments
- anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) - posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) - medial collateral ligament (MCL) - lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
75
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)
-posterior aspect of lateral condyle of the femur superiorly to anteromedial portion of intercondylar eminence of the tibia inferiorly
76
Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)
-posterolateral aspect of medial condyle of the femur superiorly to the medial condyle and body of the tibia inferiorly
77
Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)
-medial epicondyle of the femur superiorly to the medial condyle and body of the tibia inferiorly
78
Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)
-lateral epicondyle of the femur superiorly to the fibular head inferiorly
79
Tendons
-muscle to bone
80
Ligaments
-bone to bone
81
Quadriceps Tendon
-from quadriceps muscles to patella
82
Patellar Ligament
-from patella to tibial tuberosity
83
Meniscus
- C shapes cartilaginous discs in between the fetus and tibia - support joint (shock absorber) - help with balance
84
What do muscles and tendons help the knee with?
- support | - movement
85
If muscles and tendons are weakened, what happens to the joint?
-also weakened
86
Muscles of Knee Joint
- quadriceps femoris - hamstrings - sartorius - gracillis - gastrocnemius
87
Anterior Compartment of the Lower Leg
- tibialis anterior - extensor hallucis longus - extensor digitorum longus - peroneous teritus
88
What does the tibialis anterior move?
-dorsiflex foot
89
What does the extensors hallucis longus move?
-extends great toe
90
What does the extensor digitorum longus move?
-extends lateral 4 toes
91
What does the peroneous teritus move?
-dorsiflex foot
92
Lateral Compartment of the Lower Leg
- fibularis longus (superior) | - fibularis brevis (inferior)
93
What does the lateral compartment of the lower leg do?
-evert and plantar flex the foot
94
Posterior Compartment of Lower Leg (superficial layer)
- gastrocnemius - soleus - plantaris
95
What does the posterior compartment of the lower leg (superficial layer) move?
-planar flex the foot -flex the knee (gastrocnemius only)
96
Posterior Compartment of the Lower Leg (deep layer)
- tibialis posterior - flexor digitorium longus - flexor hallucis longus - popliteus
97
What does the tibialis posterior move?
-plantar flex/invert foot
98
What does the flexor digitorum longus move?
-flex lateral 4 toes
99
What does the flexor hallucinations longus move?
-flex great toes
100
What does the popliteus move?
-medial rotate leg
101
Femoral Artery
- main artery of lower extremity - extends lateral to the femoral vein through the femoral triangle to Hunter's Canal - becomes popliteal artery
102
Popliteal Artery
- palpable in popliteal fossa | - bifurcates into anterior and posterior tibial arteries
103
Peroneal Artery
-branch of posterior tibial artery
104
Arterial Components of Lower Extremities
- femoral artery - popliteal artery - anterior and posterior tibial arteries - peroneal artery
105
Venous Components of the Lower Extremities
- anterior and posterior tibial veins - greater saphenous vein - lesser saphenous vein - femoral vein
106
Greater Saphenous Vein
- superficial - begina at dorsal of foot - empties into femoral vein at the saphenofemoral junction - longest vein in the body
107
Lesser Saphenous Vein
-continuous with femoral vein
108
Femoral Vein
-accompanies the femoral artery throughout the thigh

Term 1 (17 decks)

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