Medical Terminology (Test 2) Flashcards
(155 cards)
1
Q
Abbreviation
A
- shortened form of a written word or phrase used in place of the word
- may use the first letter of each word or shorten one word
2
Q
CHF
A
congestive heart failure
3
Q
CBD
A
common bile duct
4
Q
RLQ
A
right lower quadrant
5
Q
DOB
A
date of birth
6
Q
Abd
A
abdomen
7
Q
Acronym
A
-name for an abbreviation that forms a pronuncable word
8
Q
GERD
A
gastroesophageal reflux disease
9
Q
PACS
A
picture archival communication system
10
Q
TURP
A
transurethral resection of the prostate gland
11
Q
Symbol
A
-a mark or character used as a conventional representation of an object, function or process
12
Q
Eponyms
A
-the person whom something (such as a disease) or anatomical region is named after
13
Q
Alzheimers Disease
A
-named after German neurologist Alois Alzheimer
14
Q
Morrison’s Pouch
A
-named after British surgeon James Morrison
15
Q
Pouch of Douglas
A
-named after Scottish anatomist James Douglas
16
Q
Cells
A
- individual units found in all parts of the human body
- ex. blood cells
17
Q
Tissues
A
- similar cells grouped together to do a specific job
- ex. brain
18
Q
Organs
A
- structures composed of several kinds of tissue
- ex. liver
19
Q
Systems
A
- groups of organs working together to perform complex functions
- ex. digestive system
20
Q
Anatomical Position
A
- reference position
- body erect with arms at sides
- palms forward
- this position is universally used in the medical profession for consistency
21
Q
Bilateral Symmetry
A
- a term meaning that the Rt and Lt sides of the body are mirror images
- balanced portions
22
Q
Ipsilateral
A
-structures are on the same side of the body in anatomical position
23
Q
Contralateral
A
-structures are on opposite sides of the body in anatomical position
24
Q
Quadrants
A
-4: RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ
25
Regions
-9: Rt hypochondriac, epigastric, Lt hypochondriac, Rt lumbar, umbilical, Rt lumbar, Rt iliac, hypogastric, Lt iliac
26
Thoracic Cavity
- mediastium: contains heart
- pleural cavity: contains lungs
- pericardial cavity: contains heart
27
Abdominopelvic Cavity
- abdomen
| - pelvis
28
What separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities?
-diaphragm
29
Ventral Cavity
- thoracic cavity
| - abdominopelvic cavity
30
Dorsal Cavity
- cranial cavity
| - vertebral cavity
31
Directional Terms
- superior
- inferior
- medial
- lateral
- anterior (ventral)
- posterior (dorsal)
- proximal
- distal
- superficial
- deep
32
3 Major Planes
- frontal (coronal)
- sagittal
- transverse (horizontal)
33
Supine
-lying on your back, facing upwards toward the ceiling
34
Prone
-lying on your front, facing the floor
35
Decubitus
-lying on your side
36
Eversion
-outward turning movement
37
Inversion
-inward turning movement
38
Flexion
-movement to minimize angle of joint
39
Extension
-movement to extend a joint
40
Dorsiflexion
-moves toe upwards
41
Plantarflexion
-moves toes downward
42
Pronation
-hand faces downwards or backwards
43
Supination
-hands face upward or outward
44
Abduction
-movement of a body part away from the median plane
45
Adduction
-movement of a body part toward the median plane
46
Homeostasis
- a stable internal environment
| - provides a narrow range of temperature, water, acidity and salt concentration
47
Disease
-when homeostasis is disrupted
48
Etiology
-study of the origin of disease
49
Diagnosis
-establishing the cause or nature of the disease
50
Prognosis
-predicting the course of disease and probable outcome
51
Idiopathic
-any disease where the cause is unknown
52
Signs
- objective indicators that are physical manifestations of an illness
- physician can observe or measure
- can be felt, heard or seen
- ex. temperature, blood pressure, pulse, sweating, etc.
53
Symptoms
- subjective
- experienced/percieved by the patient
- patient can observe or feel and tell the physician
- can be easily verified
- ex. "doctor I have pain on my right lower side"
54
Fluorography
-photography of xray images from fluorescent screen
55
Mammography
-xray of the breasts
56
CT (computerized axial tomography)
-cross sectional xrays taken from different angles
57
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
-uses magnetic fields and radio waves
58
Specialties in Sonography
- generalist
- vascular
- cardiac
- pediactric
59
Angiogram
- involves an injection of dye to outline vessel lumens and organs in real time
- xray images are taken to record vessel pattern
60
Contrast Materials
- in many diagnostic procedures, contrast substance or "dye" is used to better define or delineate a structure
- introduced into the bloodstream, GI tract, joint spaces or spinal canal
- ex. barium for GI studies
- agitated fluid/bubbles for contrast enhanced US (ex. cardiac tumor ablation)
61
Angiography
-xray imaging of blood vessels (veins or arteries)
62
Cerebral Angiography
-visualizes the blood vessels of the brain
63
Coronary Angiography
-visualizes the blood vessels of the heart
64
Arteriography
-visualizes the peripheral arteries (leg/arm)
65
Venography
-visualizes the veins to see blood clots
66
Arthrography
-visualizes a joint (often the knee or shoulder)
67
Barium Tests
- barium sulfate mixtures
- visualizes the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines
- swallowed for the upper GI tract and small bowel
- introduced through the rectum for the large bowel
- primarily used to r/o lesions, ulcers and filling defects
68
Chest X-Ray
- ionizing radiation used to visualize the lungs, heart and mediastinal structures
- used to detect: lung tumors, infections (pneumonia), fluid accumulation (pleural effusions), disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and heart enlargement
69
COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
70
CT (Computerized Tomography)
- uses a series of xray images to show organs in cross section
- sometimes used in conjunction with contrast material
- visualizes structures within the head, chest, abdomen and pelvis
- tumors, vascular abnormalities and injuries can be assessed
71
Doppler Ultrasound
- ultrasound used to measure blood flow within a vessel: pulsed or continuous wave doppler and colour doppler
- uses duplex sonography (grey scale and doppler) to visualize vessels and measure blood flow within them
- measures the reflected movements of red blood cells
- blockages (stenosis) in arteries and blood clots (thrombus) in veins are the most common reasons for doppler exams
72
MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
A powerful magnetic field and radio waves used to create whole body or focused body image (ex. head, chest, abdomen, etc.)
- water molecules are aligned and then relaxed, generating electromagnetic currents
- they provide a detailed picture of organs and blood vessels
- tumors and other abnormalities can be imaged
73
Mammography
- imaging of the breast tissue using low dose xray
- it can image tumors such as cancer, benign lesions and cysts
- US guidance used to biopsy a suspicious lesion in real time
74
Urography
- xray recording of the kidney and urinary tract
- contrast material is injected intravenously
- xrays are taken at the same time
- can outline blockages caused by a tumor or stone
- demonstrate deficiency of flow (renal filling) due to poor function
75
Amniocentesis
- procedure to remove some amniotic fluid surrounding a fetus in the pregnancy sac
- the fluid contains cells from the fetus that can be analyzed for chromosomal abnormalities
- usually done under US guidance
76
Biopsy
- removal of a piece of tissue from the body for examination under a microscope
- the cells identify the type of tissue (normal vs abnormal) in the sample
- core biopsy: a surgical knife and needle to aspirate the tissue
- can be done under US guidance
77
Digital Rectal Exam (DRE)
- a physician inserts a gloves finger (digit) into the patient's rectum
- can detect abnormalities in the shape and texture of the gland which may be due to rectal or prostate cancer
- stool on the glove is tested for occult blood (sign of possible disease)
- done by the reporting physician, prior to transrectal US
78
Thoracentesis
- insertion of a needle into the chest to remove fluid from the space between the lungs and the chest wall (pleural cavity)
- usually done under US guidance
- fluid can be drained and analyzed
- can be used as a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure
79
Liver Function Tests (LFTs)
- common blood tests used to assess for liver disease
- Alk Phos (alkaline phosphatase)
- Bilirubin (derived from breakdown of hemoglobin, the oxygen carrying blood cells)
- ALT (alanine transaminase)
- SGOT (aka AST)
- patients sent for US to r/o possible: excessive fat in liver (steatosis), blockages in bile flow (biliary obstruction and/or dilation), infections (hepatitis), tumors (hepatoma)
80
BUN (blood urea nitrogen)
- measurement of the amount of urea in the blood
- kidney function test
- abnormal levels are an indication for renal US to r/o renal disease
81
Creatine
- kidney function test
- abnormal levels are an indication for a renal US to r/o renal disease
- measure nitrogen waste material in blood
82
eGFR
- estimated glomerural filtration rate
- common blood tests used to assess renal function
- abnormal levels are an indication for a renal US to r/o renal disease
83
Hematocrit
- measurement of the percentage of RBC in the blood
- a low hematocrit indicates anemia or internal bleeding
- a high hematocrit indicates a condition called polycythemia
84
PSA (prostatic-specific antigen)
A blood test that measures the amount of PSA (a protein) that is produced by the cells of the prostate gland and is present in the blood.
Elevated levels:
- can be an indication of prostatic cancer
- can indicate an inflamed prostate (prostatitis)
- can also be due to an enlarged prostate known as a benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
85
Pregnancy Tests
- hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) is a hormone produced in the body during pregnancy
- home pregnancy tests detect this hormone in the patient's urine giving a qualitative result (+ve or -ve)
- Beta hCG (B-hCG): measures the hormone level in the blood stream and indicates how pregnant you are (5 weeks versus 10 weeks), the possibility of multiplicity (twins) and ectopic pregnancy
86
ACTH
adrenocorticotropic hormone
87
ALT
alanine transaminase
88
AST
aspirate transaminase
89
BM
bowel movement
90
HTN
hypertension
91
Bx
biopsy
92
CA
cancer
93
CBC
complete blood count
94
cc
cubic centimetre (ml)
95
c/o
complains of
96
C
section
97
CSF
cerebrospinal fluid
98
CX/CXR
chest xray
99
Cx
cervix
100
FSH
follicle stimulating hormone
101
LH
luteinizing hormone
102
f/u
follow up
103
FHR
fetal heart rate
104
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease
105
GFR
glomeral filtration rate
106
hCG
human chorionic gonadotropin
107
h/o
history of
108
HRT
hormone replacement therapy
109
IBD
inflammatory bowel disease (crohn disease, ulcerative colitis)
110
IBS
irritable bowel syndrome
111
IVF
in vitro fertilization
112
PE
physical examination
113
PSA
prostate specific antigen
114
pt
patient
115
PTH
parathyroid hormone
116
r/o
rule out
117
ROM
range of motion
118
SOB
shortness of breath
119
STAT
immediately
120
STD/STI
sexually transmitted disease/infection
121
T3, T4
parathyroid hormones
122
TAH
total abdominal hysterectomy
123
BSO
bilateral saplingo-oophorectomy
124
TSH
thyroid stimulating hormone
125
TURP
transurethral resection of prostate gland
126
Tx
treatment
127
UTI
urinary tract infection
128
wt
weight
129
PID
pelvic inflammatory disease
130
BP
blood pressure
131
BPH
benign prostatic hyperplasia
132
BUN
blood urea nitrogen
133
D and C
dilation and curettage
134
DM
diabetes mellitus
135
DUB
dysfunctional uterine bleeding
136
DVT
deep vein thrombosis
137
Dx
medical definition
138
EDD
estimated date of delivery
139
ETOH
ethyl alcohol or ethanol
140
Fe
iron
141
GI tract
gastrointestinal tract
142
Hb
hemoglobin
143
HDL/LDL
high density lipoproteins/low density lipoproteins
144
IV
intravenous
145
KUB
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder
146
LFTs
liver function tests
147
LMP
last menstrual period
148
mets
metabolic equivalents
149
N+V
nausea and vomiting
150
NAD
nothing abnormal detected
151
OA
osteoarthritis
152
PACS
picture archiving and communication system
153
post-op
after a surgical procedure
154
TB
tuberculosis
155
wbc
white blood cell
