Medical Terminology (Test 3) Flashcards
(407 cards)
1
Q
extra-
A
-outside
2
Q
endo-/intra-
A
-within
3
Q
peri-
A
-outside
4
Q
trans-
A
-across
5
Q
inter-
A
-between
6
Q
Echogenic
A
-capable of producing echoes
7
Q
Anechoic
A
- echo free
- sonolucent
8
Q
Echopenic
A
-few echoes
9
Q
Isoechoic
A
-structures compared are of equal echogenicity
10
Q
Hyperechoic
A
-image echoes are brighter than surrounding tissue or brighter than normal
11
Q
Attenuation
A
-weakening or diminished echoes
12
Q
Homogenous
A
- echoes across a structure are of equal intensity
- even, uniform or smooth in appearance
- uniform echoes
- echo level is the same throughout structure
13
Q
Hypoechoic
A
-echoes are not as bright as the surrounding tissues or not as bright as normally seen
14
Q
Heterogenous
A
- tissue or structure having several different echo characteristics
- uneven echogenicity
- non uniform echoes
- echo level varies in the structure
15
Q
Acoustic Enhancement
A
-echogenic echoes posteriorly (hyperechoic)
16
Q
Solid
A
- internal echoes
- no posterior enhancement or attenuation
- no solid components
- filled with echoes
17
Q
Complex
A
-has cystic and solid components
18
Q
Ultrasound Reports
A
- documentation of exam
- findings and impressions
- using accepted terminology improves communication and expedites appropriate patient care
- report features
19
Q
Report Features
A
- echogenicity
- characteristics
- texture
- pattern
- location
- size/shape/number
20
Q
Echo
A
- ‘brightness’
- directly related to the type and density of the tissue
21
Q
Hyperechoic
A
- bright
- echo producing
22
Q
Hypoechoic
A
- dark
- poor echo
23
Q
Anechoic
A
- black
- non echo producing
24
Q
Cystic
A
- no internal echoes
- rounded, smooth borders
- good through transmission of sound=posterior enhancement
- anechoic
- well defined
25
Tissue
-refers to tissue 'graininess'
26
Fine
-tissue particles are small and close together
27
Coarse
-tissue particles are large and spaced out
28
Pattern
-refers to uniformity of tissue
29
Size
-measure abnormal masses with callipers
30
Shape
-round, lobulated or irregular
31
Number
-multiple or singular
32
Cardiovascular System
- heart (the pump)
| - vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries)
33
Cardiologist
-a physician specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the circulatory system, especially the heart
34
Hematologist
-a physician specializing in diseases of the blood
35
Phlebotomist/Venipuncturist
-a nurse or technician specially trained to draw blood or start IV (intravenous) fluids
36
ECG Technician
-a person who obtains the recording of the hearts electrical activity using an ECG machine (electrocardiogram)
37
ECG (electrocardiography)
-recording of the electrical activity of the heart
38
Echocardiography
-an US imaging of the heart muscle, valves and blood flow
39
Angiography
-radiography of vessels after a radiopaque dye is injected
40
cardiac
-pertaining to the heart
41
coronary circulation
-circulation of blood within a heart muscle
42
angi/o
-vessel
43
angioplasty
-repair of blood vessels
44
anticoagulant
-medicine that prevents blood clots (ex. aspirin)
45
antibiotic
-prescription (Rx) to fight infections
46
arteri/o
-artery
47
arteriogram
-tracing/recording of arteries after dye is injected
48
ather/o
-fatty plaque
49
atherosclerosis
-hardening of arteries due to plaque
50
hem or hemo
-blood
51
phleb/o
-vein
52
phlebitis
-inflammation of a vein
53
phlebotomy
-withdrawing blood from a vein
54
venogram
-xray recording of veins after dye is injected
55
thromb/o
-clot
56
thrombus
-blood clot
57
thrombophlebitis
-inflammation of a vein with a blood clot
58
Where do the IVC and SVC empty?
-Rt atrium of the heart
59
aorta
- large artery that exits the Lt ventricle
| - supplies the body with oxygenated blood
60
Pulmonary Artery
- Lg artery exiting the Rt ventricle
| - supplies lungs with deoxygenated blood that needs to be oxygenated
61
Pulmonary Veins
-return oxygenated blood from lungs to the Lt ventricle
62
Valves (4)
- tricuspid
- mitral
- aortic
- pulmonary
-keep the blood flowing in the proper direction through the heart
63
Myocardium
-muscular walls of the heart
64
Coronary Arteries
-supplies heart muscle
65
brady-
- slow
| - ex. bradycardia (slow heart rate, <60 BPM)
66
tachy-
- rapid, fast
| - ex. tachycardia (fast heart rate, >100BPM)
67
Dyspnea
- shortness of breath
| - ex. tachypnea (abnormal increased respiration rate)
68
Hypertrophy
- excessive development
| - ex. left ventricle hypertrophy (thickened muscular wall)
69
pathy-
- abnormal condition
| - ex. cardiomyopathy (abnormal condition of heart muscle)
70
BP
- blood pressure
| - force exerted by blood on the vessel wall during the cardiac cycle (120/80 is normal)
71
gram
- tracing, record
| - ex. electrocardiogram (record of electrical activity in the heart)
72
hypertension
-high BP
73
hypotension
-low BP
74
normotension
-normal BP
75
arrythmia
-abnormal, irregular heart beat
76
-emia
-blood
77
anemia
-decrease in RBC's or Hgb/Hb causing a deficiency of oxygen to the cells
78
-penia
-abnormal reduction
79
-osis
-abnormal condition
80
Leukopenia
-decrease in wbc's
81
Leukocytosis
-increase in wbc's as seen with infection
82
Leukemia
-excessive uncontrolled increase of immature wbc's
83
lymph/o
-lymph tissue
84
cyte
-cell
85
lymphocyte
-lymphatic tissue cell
86
Atherosclerosis
- hardening of the arteries
- fatty deposits form plaque along the walls (harden the walls)
- blockages and complete occlusions can occur
- when blood vessels become less stretchable, blood pressure rises
- results in heart damage, kidney damage and strokes
87
Myocardial Infarction (MI)
- blockage of blood flow to the heart muscles
- death of muscle tissue
- heart attack
88
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
- surgery
| - bypassing of stenotic vessel with a superficial vein from the patient's extremity
89
Endarterectomy
-scraping the plaque from the walls
90
Mitral Valve
- valve between the Lt atrium and ventricle
| - if it is abnormal, the blood flow from the atrium to the ventricle will be impaired
91
Prolapse
-valve tears away and moves forward
92
Regurgitation
-valves don't close properly causing leakage of blood back into the atrium during systole
93
Stenosis
-narrowing of the heart valve passageway restricting the amount of blood flow
94
Angio Pectoris
- pain in the chest
- not enough blood is getting to the heart muscle
- nitroglycerin tablets relieve the pain by increasing the blood flow to the muscle
95
Arrythmia
-abnormal heart rates and rhythms
96
Ischemia
-heart muscle not getting enough oxygenated blood to sustain it's function
97
Angiography
-radiography of the vessels after the injection of radiopaque contrast material
98
BP
blood pressure
99
CHF
congestive heart failure
100
ECG/EKG
electrocardiogram
101
ICU
intensive care unit
102
IV
intravenous (fluid in the arm vein)
103
P
pulse (60-100 heart rate)
104
Pericarditis
-inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart
105
Bradycardia
-abnormally slow heart rate
106
What cells give blood it's red colour?
-erythrocytes (RBC)
107
Phlebitis
-inflammation of a vein
108
Myocardial Infarct
-permanent damage to the heart due to a blocked artery
109
Hemangioma
- tumor of abnormal collection of blood vessels
| - benign
110
Respiratory System
-takes oxygen in and expels carbon dioxide
111
Breathing
- works with the circulatory system to provide oxygen and to remove waste products of metabolism
- regulates pH of the blood
112
Pulmonologist
-a physician specializing in the disease of the lungs
113
Thoracic Surgeon
-specializes in thoracic surgery (organs within the thorax)
114
Respiratory Therapist
-specially trained technologist who administers inhalation therapy to patients with lung disease
115
bronch/o
-lung air passageways
116
Bronchoscopy
-looking into the bronchi
117
laryng/o
-larynx (voice box)
118
Laryngotomy
-cutting into the larynx
119
-plasty
-reconstruction
120
Rhinoplasty
-surgical reconstruction of the nose
121
pne/u or -pnea
-breath, air, lung
122
Dyspnea
-difficulty breathing
123
Apnea
-absense of breathing
124
pulm/o
lung
125
Pulmonary Artery
-artery pertaining to the lungs
126
-ptysis
-spitting, coughing
127
Hemoptysis
-spitting or coughing up blood
128
Rhin/o
nose
129
Rhinitis
-inflammation of the nose
130
trache/o
-trachea (windpipe)
131
Tracheotomy/Tracheostomy
-temporary and permanent openings of the trachea
132
Atelectasis
-a collapsed lung
133
Cystic Fibrosis
- inheritable disease that affects the lungs and other systems
- produces thick, sluggish mucous
- patients suffer from lung infections
134
Emphysema (COPD)
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- destruction of tiny air sacs (alveoli)
- long term smokers
135
Epistaxis
-nose bleed
136
Pneumonia
-inflammatory condition of the lung
137
Bronchitis
-inflammation of the bronchi
138
Pulmonary Embolism
-blood clot in the lung
139
Endotracheal Intubation
-an air tube is passed into the trachea by a physician or nurse, so oxygen can be directly supplied to the lungs
140
Bronchoscopy
-a device is used to see inside the airways and lungs
141
Laryngoscopy
-visual examination of the larynx
142
Pulmonary Angiography
- diagnostic procedure
| - special xrays of the vessels of the lungs
143
COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
144
PFT's
Pulmonary Function Tests
145
SOB
shortness of breath
146
TB
tuberculosis
147
URI
upper respiratory infection
148
Tachypnea
-faster than normal respiratory rate
149
Nervous System
- brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia
- controlling, regulatory, communicating system
- centre of all mental activity (thought, learning, memory)
- carries messages to and from brain and spinal cord
150
neur/o
nerve
151
neuron
nerve cell
152
neuroma
nerve tumor
153
neuritis
nerve inflammation
154
neuropathy
disease of the nerves
155
mening/o
membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord
156
meningitis
inflammation of the membranes
157
myel/o
spinal cord
158
myelogram
xray of spinal canal using contrast material
159
-cele
- hernia
| - abnormal protrusion of a structure out of the normal anatomical position
160
meningomyelocele
-protrusion of membranes and spinal cord
161
cerebell/o
cerebellum
162
cephal/o
head
163
cephalgia
headache
164
encephal/o
inside the head (brain)
165
encephalitis
inflammation of the brain
166
anencephalic
born without a brain/skull
167
dys-
- difficult
- painful
- abnormal
168
dyslexia
-difficulty reading
169
-pathy
-disease or abnormality
170
encephalopathy
-disease of the brain
171
neuropathy
disease of the nerves
172
-plasia
-development, formation, growth
173
aplasia
no development
174
hyperplasia
overdevelopment/growth
175
hypoplasia
underdevelopment/growth
176
-plegia
paralysis
177
hemiplegia
-paralysis of one side of the body
178
quadriplegia
paralysis of all 4 limbs
179
paraplegia
paralysis of both legs
180
aphasia
loss of speech
181
Where is the speech centre in the brain?
left side
182
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
-stroke
-blood vessel in the brain burst, causing internal bleeding
OR
-a clot (thrombus)
183
If someone suffers a stroke or a traumatic brain injury of the left side of the brain, what is usually affected?
- may be complete loss of speech
- problems finding the right word
- slow speech
- difficulty speaking
- paralysis
- loss of vision
184
TIA
Transient Ischemic Attack
- ischemia
- not enough blood (short period of insufficient blood supply to the brain)
- same signs/symptoms as a stroke
- resolves in 24 hours
- people who suffer from TIA's are at risk for a stroke
185
MS
Multiple Sclerosis
- many hardenings
- unknown cause
- multiple hard plaques of degeneration of the insulating layer of nerve fibres in the CNS
- loss of insulation results in 'short circuiting' of nerve impulses
- patients may suffer paralysis, sensory disturbances or blindness
186
Neurologist
-a physician specializing in disease of the brain, spinal cord and nerves
187
Neurosurgeon
-specialist who performs surgery on the brain and spinal cord
188
MRI Brain Scan
- magnetic resonance imaging
| - uses magnetic field and pulses of radio wave energy to produce images of the brain
189
EEG
- electroencephalogram
| - produces a written recording of the brains electrical activity
190
What is EEG used to diagnose?
- cause of seizures
| - disorders such a epilepsy, brain tumors and sleep research
191
PET Brain Scan
Position Emission Tomography
| -uses trace amounts of radioactive material to map functional processes of the brain
192
Digestive System
- alimentary or GI tract
- mouth to anus
- liver, gallbladder and pancreas are accessory organs
- digestion, absorption and elimination
193
gastr/o
stomach
194
gastritis
inflammation of the stomach
195
gastroscope
instrument to look in the stomach
196
hepat/o
liver
197
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
198
hepatoma
tumor of the liver
199
chol/e
gall, bile
200
cyst/o
bladder, sac
201
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
202
cholecystitis
inflammation of the GB
203
cholecystectomy
removal of GB
204
emes/o
vomit
205
emesis
vomitting
206
hyperemesis
excessive vomitting
207
lith/o
stone
208
cholelithiasis
gallstones
209
lapar/o
abdominal wall
210
laparotomy
cutting into the abdominal wall
211
col
colon (lg bowel)
212
colonoscopy
visual exam of the inside of the colon
213
enter
sm intestine
214
esophag/o
esophagus
215
pancreat/o
pancreas
216
duoden/o
duodenum
217
append/o
appendix
218
ile/o
ileum
219
rect/o
rectum
220
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
221
dysphagia
- difficulty swallowing
| - may be related to GERD or tumor
222
diverticulosis
small pouches protruding from the wall of colon
223
diverticulitis
inflammation of a diverticulum due to trapped feces
224
esophageal varcies
-engorged veins in the walls of esophagus (cirrhosis complication)
225
Chrone's Disease
chronic inflammatory disease primarily of the sm intestine
226
Cirrhosis
- degenerative disease of the liver
- seen in long term alcoholics
- named for gross appearance of the liver
- jaundice (due to bile metabolic by products)
- obstructive disease of biliary system
227
Jaundice
yellow
228
Portal Hypertension
-liver damage affecting blood flow of liver
229
GERD
- gastroesophageal reflux disease
- malfunction of the valve between the esophagus and the stomach allows stomach acid to regurgitate upward
- irritates esophagus lining
230
Peritonitis
inflammation of the lining of the abdominal cavity (peritoneum)
231
What happens if an inflamed appendix bursts?
can inflame the peritoneum with pus
232
Guaiac Test (Hemoccult)
-chemical test to identify blood in stool (feces)
233
Endoscopy
-procedure using a flexible fiberoptic instrument attached to a camera that can directly visualize the inside of the esophagus, stomach and intestines
234
Colonoscope
instrument used to visualize the inside of the colon
235
Upper GI Series
- series of xrays of the esophagus, stomach and sm intestine
- patient drinks a radiopaque barium solution that lines the gut lumen
- identify problems with swallowing, stomach ulcers, tumors
236
Low Series-Barium Enema
- series of xrays using an enema of barium, mixed with air that is introduced into the colon through a tube in the rectum
- mixture outlines the lumen and abnormalities
- used to identify tumors and diverticulosis of the colon
237
Radiologist
- specializes in xray images
| - performs and interprets the GI series using a fluoroscope
238
Gastroenterologist
- specializes in disease of the digestive system
| - these physicians do not do surgery but can refer a patient to a general surgeon if necessary
239
Proctologist
- specializes in diseases of the rectum and anus
| - proctology is a surgical subspecialty
240
Endocrine System
- pineal gland
- pituitary gland
- hypothalamus
- thymus
- parathyroid gland
- thyroid gland
- adrenal glands
- pancreas
- kidneys
- ovaries
- testes
241
adreno-
combining form relating to the adrenal gland
242
pancreat-
combining form relating to the pancreas
243
pituitary
pertaining to the pituitary gland
244
thymo
combining form denoting the thymus gland
245
thyr-/thyro-
thyroid gland
246
Diabetes
-pancreas body does not produce enough of the hormone insulin or the body does not effectively use the insulin it produces
247
Gigantism and Acromegaly
-the body produces too much of the GH
248
GHD (growth hormone deficiency)
-too little of GH is produced
249
Osteoporosis
- fragile bones
- occurs in men and women
- 4x more common in women
- decrease in estrogen at menopause can cause it
- decrease in testosterone in men (as they age) can cause
250
PCOS
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- most common female endocrine disorder
- infrequent or irregular menstruation
- male hormone excess causes symptoms such as hirsutism (increased/unwanted hair growth)
- acne
- difficulty conceiving
251
Hyperthyroidism
too much thyroid hormone
252
Hypothyroidism
too little thyroid hormone
253
hyperparathyroidism
excess production of parathyroid hormone (PTH)
254
thyroiditis
inflammation of the thyroid gland
255
Endocrinologists
- physicians who diagnose diseases of glands
| - treat conditions that are complex and involve many systems
256
Components of Lymphatic/Circulatory System
- lymph
- lymphatic vessels
- lymph nodes
- tonsils
- thymus
- spleen
- bone marrow
257
What does the lymphatic system do?
- transports fluid to the general circulation
- produces and stores cells that fight infection and disease
- channels that carry lymph are also part of this system
258
Thymus
- sm organ located behind breast bone
| - T cells mature here
259
Lymph Nodes
- small
- bean shaped
- produce and store cells that fight infection and disease
- swell and feel sore when you have an infection
260
Bone Marrow
- yellow tissue in the centre of bones
- makes WBC's
- becomes lymphocytes
261
Spleen
- largest lymphatic organ
- LUQ
- WBC's that fight infection
262
lymph/aden/o/pathy
- disease/condition of the lymph glands
- increase in size of lymph node(s)
- usually result in a nearby infection
- can occur with cancer cell filtration
263
Can lymph nodes be felt?
-not unless they are swollen or enlarged
264
If lymph nodes are felt in the neck, what is that a sign of?
- sore throat
| - throat infection
265
What is a possibility if lymphadenopathy is present in several areas of the body?
systemic disease
266
Lymphadenitis or Adenitis
- inflammation of the lymph node (infection in the node)
- bacterial
- swelling, tenderness, warmth and redness of overlying skin
267
Lymphoma
- group of cancers that arise from lymph nodes
- lymphocytes undergo changes and multiply out of control
- lymph node enlarges as cancer cells crowd out healthy cells and form tumors
268
splenomegaly
enlarged spleen
269
Infectious Mononucleosis (Epstein Barr Virus/EBV)
- viral infection
| - associated with splenomegaly
270
Why should children and teens with an enlarged spleen avoid sports?
-if their spleen ruptures, they could experience life threatening blood loss
271
tonsilitis
inflammation of the tonsils
272
tonsils
collection of lymphoid tissue at the top of the throat
273
What causes tonsils to swell?
bacterial or viral infection
274
What do the tonsils do?
- filter bacteria and other microorganisms
| - help the body fight infection
275
pharyngitis
- inflammation of the pharynx (throat)
| - can spread to surrounding areas, causing pain and inflammation
276
Allergists/Immunologists
-physician trained to diagnose, treat and manage allergies, asthma and immunological disorders
277
Immunity
-the bodies ability to resist disease or threatening substances
278
Sensory Systems
- ears
- eyes
- skin
279
oculo-
combining form meaning the eye
280
Ocular
pertaining to the eye
281
-opia
vision
282
opthalmo-
combining form indicating relationship to the eye
283
Ophthalmology
study of the eye
284
Mascular Degeneration
- associated with aging
| - damages sharp and central vision
285
Cataract
clouding of the eye's lens
286
AMD
age related muscular degeneration
287
Diabetic Retinopathy
- common complication of diabetes
| - progressive damage to blood vessels of retina
288
Glaucoma
- damage to optic nerve (rising pressure inside eye)
| - vision loss/blindness
289
Ophthalmologist
- medical specialist in ophthalmology
| - treats disease of the eye medically and surgically
290
acou-
hearing
291
audi-
hearing
292
audio-
hearing
293
aur-
ear
294
auri-
ear
295
auro-
ear
296
auricular
pertaining to the ear
297
oto-
combining form denoting the ear
298
Ruptured Eardrum
- eardrum can be torn by loud noises, changes in air pressure or foreign substances (cotton swabs)
- sm hole usually heals in a few weeks
299
Mastoiditis
infection of the mastoid bone (behind ear)
300
Earache
- pain in the ear
| - can have many causes (serious or not)
301
Middle Ear Inflammation
- infection of portion behind the eardrum
| - otitis media
302
Swimmer's Ear
- infection of outer ear
| - otitis externa
303
Tinnitus
- age or noise exposure
| - ringing in one or both ears
304
Auditory Test
-examine the ear using sounds of varying volume and frequency
305
Ear Test
- first test of ear infection
| - physician uses an otoscope to look into the ear canal to visualize the eardrum
306
Audiologist
-specialist in hearing and balance
307
Integumentary System
- skin, hair, nails, sweat glands and sebaceous glands
- natural 'coat'
- protection
308
derm-
skin
309
derma-
skin
310
dermat-
skin
311
dermo-
skin
312
dermatitis
inflammation of skin
313
onych-/onycho-
fingernail
314
Dermatologist
takes care of diseases and cosmetic problems of skin, scalp, hair and nails
315
Cellulitis
bacterial skin infection
316
Eczema
-group of skin disorders that cause inflammation
317
Documenting Findings
- echogenicity
- texture and pattern
- position/location
- size, shape and number
- WNL check box
318
Echogenicity
- hyper
- hypo
- iso
319
Characteristics
- anaechoic
- simple
- solid
- complex
- acoustic enhancement
320
Texture/Pattern
- homo
| - hetero/inhomo
321
Location
- infra
- inter
- endo/intra
- supra
- sub
- peri
- trans
- extra
322
Size/Shape/Number
- smooth
- irregular
- lobulated contour
323
Male Reproductive System
- testes
- epididymis
- seminal vesicle
- ejaculatory ducts
- prostate gland
- penis
- urethra
324
andr/o
male
325
androgenic
stimulating maleness as in hormones (testosterone)
326
androgynous
characteristics of male and female appearance
327
orchid/otes/o
teste or testicle (male gonad)
328
orchitis
inflammation of teste
329
orchidectomy
removal of teste
330
testosterone
male sex hormone
331
prostat/o
prostate gland
332
prostatitis
inflammation of prostate gland
333
prostatectomy
removal of prostate gland
334
vas/o
vessel or duct
335
vas deferens
duct carrying semen from testes
336
vasectomy
cutting the vas deferens
337
-rrhaphy
to suture
338
herniorrhaphy
surgical correction of inguinal hernia
339
PSA
- prostate specific antigen
- protein for prostate cell secretion
- detected with lab test
340
What can a rising PSA be a sign of?
- prostate cancer
| - BPH
341
What is performed to r/o prostate cancer?
prostate biopsy
342
What does 'testis' mean in latin?
witness
343
What is BPH?
- swelling and increase of cells in prostate gland
| - difficulty urinating
344
What does BPH stand for?
benign prostatic hypertrophy/hyperplasia
345
When is BPH most common?
men after age 60 (50%)
346
Cryptorchidism
- means hidden testicle
| - testicles don't descend into scrotum
347
What can cryptochidism lead to if not corrected with surgery before puberty?
- sterility
| - increased risk of testicular cancer
348
Hydrocele
- fluid filled sac partially or completely surrounding the testis
- swelling in scrotum
- causes discomfort
- can be surgically corrected
349
Varicocele
- dilated and twisted veins of the testis
- swelling on one side of the testis
- feels like a 'bag of worms'
- can be surgically corrected
- reduces sperm count
350
TURP
Transurethral Resection of the Prostate Gland
- surgical cure for BPH
- instrument inserted into penile urethra to cut away enlarged prostate that is in the way of urinary flow
351
Female Reproductive System
- ovaries
- uterus
- fallopian tubes
- cervix
- vagina
- external genitalia
352
men/o
menstruation
353
menarche
first
354
dysmenorrhea
painful menstration
355
-rrhea
flow, discharge
356
amenorrhea
without menstruation
357
-rrhagia
excessive menstrual flow
358
menorrhagia
heavy menstruation
359
oophor/o
ovary
360
ooph
egg
361
oophorectomy
removal of ovary
362
hyster/o
uterus
363
hysterectomy
removal of uterus
364
salping/o
| salpinx
uterine/fallopian tube
365
salpingitis
inflammation of the fallopian tube
366
hematosalpinx
blood in uterine tube
367
cerv
neck
368
cervix
neck of the uterus
369
- pareunia
| - coitus
intercourse
370
dyspareunia
painful intercourse
371
precoital, postcoital
before and after intercourse
372
mamm/o
| mast/o
breast
373
mammogram
breast imaging (xray)
374
mastectomy
removal of breast
375
mastitis
inflammation of breast
376
Endometriosis
- colonization of uterine lining
- blood exits through the fallopian tubes and into peritoneal cavity
- clots of endometrial tissue attach to ovaries, bowel, bladder, etc.
- bleeding into peritoneum causes abdominal pain
377
PID
- pelvic inflammatory disease
- bacteria can enter through vagina to uterus and fallopian tubes
- abdominal pain
- can be caused from STI
- can lead to infertility or ectopic pregnancy
378
Prolapsed Uterus
- uterus falls into vagina
- in severe cases, the uterus can protrude out of vaginal opening (weakened CT)
- surgical repair is required
379
What are the risk factors of a prolapsed uterus?
- difficult births
- lg babies
- obesity
- chronic coughs/constipation
- low estrogen after menopause
380
Colposcopy
-using a magnifying instrument to visually inside the vagina and uterus
381
D and C
- dilatation and curettage
- dilating the cervix and passing instruments that enable scraping of superficial layers of endometrium
- may be an early abortion
- may follow a normal pregnancy/birth to remove residual tissue
- can be performed on patients with constant heavy bleeding
382
Episiotomy
-cutting between vagina and anus to prevent tearing during childbirth
383
Hysterectomy/o/salping/o/gram
- xray of uterus and tubes
- dye is introduced via catheter (through vagina and cervix)
- test for openness (patency) of tubes
- blocked tubes will not fill with dye, due to scarring (infertility)
384
Saline Infusion sono/hystero/salpingo/graphy
-US test to show patency of fallopian tubes using saline fluid
385
Obstetrician
- midwife
| - physician specializing in the diagnosis and management of pregnancy and delivering babies
386
Gynecologist
- physician specializing in diseases of the female reproductive system and related surgeries
- OB/GYN
387
gravida
pregnancy
388
nulligravida
never pregnant
389
primigravida
first time pregnant
390
multigravida
many pregnancies
391
para
live births
392
nullipara
no live births
393
multipara
many live births
394
fetal
developing baby
395
What does 'G3P2' mean?
- 3 pregnancies, 2 live births
| - 3 gravida, 2 para
396
part/o
| toc/o
labor/birth/delivery
397
prepatrum
before birth
398
postpartum
after birth
399
dystocia
difficult delivery
400
natal
birth
401
neonatal
new birth (first 4 weeks)
402
postnatal
after birth
403
placenta previa
-complication of pregnancy
-latin for 'leading the way'
-placenta implanted over the cervical region of the uterus
-blocks birth canal
occurs in less than 1% of pregnancies
-lots of bleeding
404
abrupt placenta
- complication of pregnancy
- latin for 'breaking off'
- premature separation of normal implanted placenta before full term
- occurs in 1% of pregnancies
- has 20 to 40% fetal mortality rate and contributes to maternal mortality
405
Eclampsia
- toxemia of pregnancy
- serious/life threatening
- hypertension (high BP), convulsions and coma
406
Preeclampsia
- less severe form of eclampsia
| - can be managed if treated early
407
Ectopic Pregnancy
- greek for 'out of place'
- pregnancy anywhere outside the uterus
- tubal pregnancy (fallopian tube) is most common
- abd cavity is least common
- 2% of pregnancies
- surgical emergency
- tube may rupture
- can cause infertility
