Days, months and seasons Flashcards
(113 cards)
1
Q
Summer
A
El Verano
2
Q
Autumn
A
El Otoño
3
Q
Winter
A
El Invierno
4
Q
Spring
A
La Primavera
5
Q
Monday
A
lunes
6
Q
Tuesday
A
martes
7
Q
Wednesday
A
miércoles
8
Q
Thursday
A
jueves
9
Q
Friday
A
viernes
10
Q
Saturday
A
sábado
11
Q
Sunday
A
domingo
12
Q
The Weekend
(This weekend, I’m going to see my friends.)
A
El fin de semana
Este fin de semana voy a ver a mis amigas.
13
Q
Week days
A
dias de la semana
14
Q
Are days of the week capitalised?
A
No
In English, failing to capitalize the days of the week is a grammar error. But in Spanish, the opposite is true—capitalizing is grammatically incorrect. The only exception is if they appear as the first word of a sentence.
15
Q
Are days of the week masculine or feminine?
A
Masculine
The days of the week are gendered since they’re nouns. Luckily, this is easy to remember because all days are masculine. This means that when referring to a day, you must use the masculine articles el, los, un and algunos.
16
Q
Preposition for days
A
- El
- Los
In English, we use the preposition “on” to talk about something happening on a specific day. Resist the urge to translate directly—in Spanish, you don’t need to insert the word en, or any other preposition, for that matter! When talking about days of the week, use the pronouns el and los to mean “on.” Use el when talking about one single occurrence and the plural los when talking about something that happens habitually.
Example
Viene a Madrid el lunes.
(She’s coming to Madrid on Monday.)
Trabaja todos los sábados.
(He works every Saturday.)
17
Q
What days change for plural form?
A
Only sábado and domingo change in plural form
Sometimes, you need to talk about days of the week in the plural, like in the previous example (“todos los sábados”).
When making days of the week plural, only add an –s if the word doesn’t already end in –s (in other words, only add -s to sábado and domingo). Otherwise, the word stays the same in the plural form.
18
Q
Plural form of monday
A
Los lunes
19
Q
Plural form of tuesday
A
Los martes
20
Q
Plural form of wednesday
A
Los miércoles
21
Q
Plural form of thursday
A
Los jueves
22
Q
Plural form of friday
A
Los viernes
23
Q
Plural form of saturday
A
Los sábados
24
Q
Plural form of Sunday
A
Los domingos
25
Ser or estar for days of the week
Ser
## Footnote
When talking about which day of the week it is, you’ll always use ser instead of estar. This might be confusing at first since estar is usually used when describing things that are transient, but with practice, you’ll get the hang of it. Take a look at some examples:
Hoy es martes. (Today is Tuesday.)
El juego es el miércoles. (The game is on Wednesday.)
Mi cumpleaños es el próximo viernes. (My birthday is next Friday.)
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What day is today?
Qué día es hoy?
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Today is
Hoy es..
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Tomorrow is
Mañana es...
## Footnote
Mañana es martes.
(Tomorrow is Tuesday.)
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Yesterday was
Ayer fue...
## Footnote
Ayer fue domingo.
(Yesterday was Sunday.)
30
The day
El día
## Footnote
¿Qué día es hoy?
(What day is today?)
31
The date
## Footnote
What is the date today?
La fecha
## Footnote
¿Cuál es la fecha de hoy?
32
Next
## Footnote
(Next Monday is my birthday!)
El próximo
## Footnote
¡El próximo lunes es mi cumpleaños!
33
The upcoming...
## Footnote
We're going to Barcelona this upcoming Friday.
Que viene...
## Footnote
Vamos a Barcelona el viernes que viene.
34
The folllowing...
Siguiente...
## Footnote
No empieza el curso el próximo lunes, sino el lunes siguiente.
(The class doesn't begin next Monday, but rather, the following Monday.)
35
Last
## Footnote
Last Saturday, we went to the beach.
Pasado
## Footnote
El sábado pasado, fuimos a la playa.
36
Previous
## Footnote
I didn't see her last Friday, but rather, the previous Friday.
Anterior
## Footnote
No la vi el viernes pasado, sino el viernes anterior.
37
The week
La semana
## Footnote
Hay siete días en la semana.
(There are seven days in a week.)
38
Every
## Footnote
(I have math class every Thursday
Cada / Todos los...
## Footnote
Cada jueves tengo clase de matemáticas./Tengo clase de matemáticas todos los jueves..)
39
Midweek
## Footnote
I travel on the weekends, but I stay at home during the week.
Entre semana
## Footnote
Viajo los fines de semana, pero me quedo en casa entre semana.
40
The first __ of the month
## Footnote
(There is a party on the first Saturday of June.)
El primer... del mes
## Footnote
Hay una fiesta el primer sábado de junio.
41
# 1
From __ to __
De... a...
## Footnote
Trabajo de lunes a viernes.
(I work from Monday to Friday.)
42
# 2
From __ to __
Desde... hasta...
43
acronym of days of week
Little
Mice
Make
Jolly
Vikings
Slam
Doors
44
January
enero
| eh-**neh**-roh
45
February
febrero
46
March
marzo
## Footnote
**mahr**-soh (Latin America)
**mahr**-thoh (Spain)
47
April
abril
48
May
mayo
49
June
Junio
50
July
julio
51
August
agosto
52
September
septiembre
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October
octubre
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November
noviembre
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December
diciembre
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Are spanish months capitalised?
No,
## Footnote
, in Spanish, the names of the months are never capitalized—unless, of course, they’re at the beginning of a title or sentence.
57
Gender of months
They are all masculine
## Footnote
All of the Spanish months have masculine gender, so remember that if you want to modify any month with an adjective, you must use the masculine form of the adjective.
Fue un agosto muy caluroso.
It was a very hot August.
58
Spring
La Primavera
| lah pree-mah-VEHR-ah
59
# Spring
flower
La flor
60
# Spring
breeze
La brisa
61
# Spring
butterfly
La mariposa
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# Spring
cloudy
Nublado
63
# Spring
clear sky
Cielo despejado
64
# Spring
Spring cleaning
La limpieza general
65
# Spring
to get warmer
Hacer más calor
66
# Spring
plant
La planta
67
# Spring
to bloom
Florecer
68
# Spring
Easter
La Pascua
69
# Summer
Summer
El Verano
| ehl vehr-AH-noh
70
# Summer
sunny
Soleado
71
# Summer
to get a tan
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# Summer
sunburn
73
# Summer
to sunbathe
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# Summer
to swim
75
# Summer
to go on vacation
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# Summer
pool
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# Summer
sunscreen
78
# Summer
sunglasses
79
# Summer
swimsuit
El traje de baño
80
# Spring
bud
el capullo
Spanish emphasise poo
| kah-poo-yoh
81
# Spring
leaf
la hoja
| oh-hah
82
# Spring
stem
el tallo
| tah-yoh
Emphasis on tah
83
# Spring
root
la raíz
rrah-eeth (Spain)
Emphasise the ending
rrah-**eeth** (Spain)
## Footnote
rrah-**ees** (Latin America)
rrah -**eeth** (Spain)
84
# Spring
petal
el pétalo
| **peh**-tah-loh
Emphasis on peh
85
# Spring
seed
la semilla/la simiente
86
# Spring
poppy
la amapola
| ah -mah-poh-lah
Spanish emphasise poh
87
# Spring
sunflower
el girasol
## Footnote
hee-rah-**sohl** (Spain)
88
# Spring
daffodil
el narciso
## Footnote
nahr-**see**-soh (Latin America)
nahr-**thee**-soh (Spain)
89
# Spring
daisy
la margarita
90
# Spring
lily
la azucena
91
# Spring
iris
el lirio
92
# Spring
to grow, increase
crecer
| El girasol crece debajo del sol/ The sunflower grows under the sun.
## Footnote
Crecer is the verb you’d use to speak about plants growing:
But it doesn’t just pertain to plants. It can also be used to refer to growth and increase in terms of humans, plants, grades, rent, prices, taxes
93
# Spring
to blossom/open
**florecer, abrirse**
Cada día los pétalos de las prímulas se abren/ *Every day the petals of the primroses open*
Odio que las malas hierbas florezcan en mi jardín/ *I hate that weeds flourish in my garden.*
## Footnote
Florecer and abrirse are synonyms and can both be used to talk about flowers blooming.
Abrirse is the reflexive form of abrir, meaning “to open.” When you add the reflexive pronoun se to the verb, its meaning changes to “to open oneself, to open up,” which is exactly what flowers do when they bloom:
Florecer, on the other side of la hoja (the leaf), has other meanings. It can also be used to mean “to flourish” and “to prosper,” so you can use it when talking about plants but also in reference to other things that do well, like your botany business, for instance. Here it is in relation to nature:
94
# Spring
to dig
cavar
| Cava el agujero aquí, por favor/ Dig the hole here, please
95
# Spring
to water
regar
## Footnote
Es importante que riegues las plantas nuevas/ It’s important that you water new plants.
96
# Spring
to plant
## Footnote
I planted daisies and poppies close to the tree
plantar
## Footnote
Planté las margaritas y las amapolas cerca del árbol.
97
# Spring
to sprout
germinar, brotar, echar
## Footnote
Although all three of the verbs above mean “to sprout,” they each have their own nuances.
Echar is one of those complicated Spanish verbs that have multiple meanings, such as: “to throw,” “to pour,” “to emit,” “to send,” “to reckon,” “to fire,” “to begin” and many more. To use it as “to sprout,” you’d say:
Las semillas echan de la tierra. (The seeds sprout from the earth.)
Germinar is a more specific way to say “to sprout,” and it’s used exclusively when speaking about seeds. In fact, you might have noticed that it sounds like the English word “to germinate”!
Brotar is another way to say “to sprout”:
El arce japonés brota hojas rojas. (The Japanese maple sprouts red leaves.)
98
# Spring
bright, vibrantly-colored
brillante
## Footnote
El lirio anaranjado tiene pétalos brillantes/ The orange iris has bright petals
99
# Spring
verdant (leafy)
verde
## Footnote
Las yerbas del prado son verdes y blandas/ The meadow grasses are verdant and soft
100
# Spring
glorious
## Footnote
The pond with waterlilies, frogs and fish is glorious
espléndido
## Footnote
La balsa con los lirios acuáticos, las ranas y los peces es espléndida/
101
# Spring
hardy
## Footnote
That dandelion is the worst weed because it’s very hardy.
resistente
## Footnote
Ese diente de león es la peor mala hierba porque es muy resistente/
102
# Spring
lush
## Footnote
The park has many lush trees and flowers.
exuberante, lozano
## Footnote
El parque tiene mucho arboles y flores lozanos.
103
# Spring
leafy
## Footnote
The hydrangea is a verdant and leafy flower.
frondoso
## Footnote
La hortensia es una flor verde y frondosa.
104
# Spring
pollen
## Footnote
(Bees love pollen, but allergy sufferers hate it.)
el polen
## Footnote
Las abejas aman el polen, pero los alérgicos lo odian.
105
# Spring
dander
## Footnote
Dander is material shed from the body of humans and other animals that have fur, hair, or feathers.
la caspa
## Footnote
No quieres saber cuáles materiales asquerosos encuentras en la caspa. (You don’t want to know what gross stuff you’ll find in dander.)
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