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Flashcards in Delirium, dementia Deck (26)
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1
Q

a mental state characterized by a disturbance of cognition, which is manifested by confusion, excitement, disorientation, and a clouding of consciousness.
-Hallucinations and illusions are common.

A

delirium

2
Q
  • Rapid onset (over hours or days)
  • caused secondary to another medical condition such as infection or substance abuse
  • Impaired memory, judgement, ability to focus
  • altered LOC** Key
  • Restless, agitated, fluctuating mood
  • sundowning may occur
  • Reversible if treated promptly
A

Delirium

3
Q
  • Gradual deterioration
  • impairments in abstract thinking, memory, judgement, speech, agnosia
  • LOC is usually unchanged
  • personality change is gradual
  • vital signs are stable unless other illness is present
  • Irreversible and progressive
  • Causes incluse: Alzheimer’s disease, TBI, Parkinson’s, other disorders affection the neuro system.
A

Dementia

4
Q

defined by a loss of previous levels of cognitive, executive, and memory function in a state of full alertness.

A

Dementia

5
Q

Classification of dementia, such as alzheimer’s in which the dementia itself is the major sign of some organic brain disease not directly r/t any other organic illness.

A

primary dementia

6
Q

dementia caused by or r/t another disease or condition such as HIV or cerebral trauma.

A

secondary dementia

7
Q

No apparent symptoms

A

Stage 1

8
Q

Forgetfulness

  • The individual begins to lose things or forget names of people. Losses in short term memory are common.
  • They may feel ashamed, anxious, or depressed
A

Stage 2

9
Q

Mild cognitive decline

  • There is interference with work performance, which is noticeable to others.
  • Difficulty recalling names or words.
  • Decline in ability to plan and organize
A

Stage 3

10
Q

Mild-to-Moderate cognitive decline (confusion)

  • depression, social withdrawal, confabulation
  • May forget major events in personal hx such as child’s birthday
  • declining ability to perform tasks such as shopping and managing finances
A

stage 4

11
Q

Moderate to severe cognitive decline (Middle dementia)

  • Unable to recall major life events
  • Disoriented to surroundings
  • Urinary and fecal incontinence are common
  • sleeping is a problem
  • Wandering, obsessiveness, agitation, and aggression
  • Sundowning
A

Stage 6

12
Q

Moderate cognitive decline (Early dementia)

  • loss of ability to perform ADL’s
  • -forget addresses, phone numbers, and names of close relatives.
  • -Disoriented to person, place, or time
  • Frustration, withdrawal
A

stage 5

13
Q

This area of the brain controls hearing, speech and language

A

the parietal lobe

14
Q

This part of the brain directs our emotional responses.

A

the amygdala

15
Q

this part of the brain allows us to problem solve, plan ahead, understand others and restrain our impulses.

A

the frontal lobe

16
Q

This type of dementia is caused by lack of adequate blood flow to the brain. The blood vessels are affective and progressive intellectual deterioration occurs.

  • 2nd most common type of dementia
  • HTN is most significant risk factor
A

vascular dementia

17
Q

The inability to retain or recall past experiences.

-May be temp. or permanent, depending of cause.

A

amnesia

18
Q
  • inability to learn new info despite normal attention
  • events from the past are recalled more easily then recent events
  • different from dementia in that their is no impairment in abstract thinking or judgment, no other disturbances of higher cortical function, and no personality change.
A

amnesia

19
Q

is the loss of memories that formed BEFORE a trauma such as brain injury
i.e- a person wandering around the street not knowing who they are.

A

retrograde amnesia

20
Q

Loss of memory for the time AFTER an injury

A

anterograde amnesia

21
Q

causes include head trauma, cerebrovasular disease, cerebral neoplastic disease, cerebral anoxia, herpes simplex encephalitis, poorly controlled insulin dependent diabetes and brain surgery.

A

amnesia

22
Q

The latest stage of dementia.

  • The person is chair bound or bed bound.
  • May be in a coma
  • Death usually occurs by infection, aspiration, or sepsis
A

stage 7

23
Q

impaired ability to carry out motor activities

A

apraxia

24
Q

failure to recognize or identify objects despite intact sensory function

A

agnosia

25
Q

Herbal remedy used to help improve memory should not use of on ASA, Plavix, Warfarin, or other anticoagulates- may reduce platelet levels

A

Gingko Biloba

26
Q

major antioxidant, slows cellular aging

A

vitamin E