Dementia (20.3)

Question 1

Define TBI:

Answer 1

blow or jolt to the head or a penetrating head injury that disrupts the function of the brain.

Question 2

Leading causes of TBI?

Answer 2

Falls (35.2%); 
Motor vehicle-traffic crashes (17.3%); 
Struck by/against events (16.5%); 
Assaults (10%); and
Unknown/Other (21%)

Question 3

Age groups at increased risk of TBI?

Answer 3

The two age groups at highest risk for TBI are 0 to 4 year olds and 15 to 19 year olds

Question 4

TBI gender prevalence?

Answer 4

Males are about 1.5 times as likely as females to sustain a TBI

Question 5

What occurs if there is frontal lobe injury?

Answer 5

Changes in…Emotions, impulse control, language, memory, social/ sexual behavior

Question 6

What occurs if there is parietal lobe injury?

Answer 6

Disruption in ability to locate part of one’s body or recognize part of ones body

Question 7

What is affected in temporal lobe injury?

Answer 7

Hearing, language, facial recognition and processing sensory information

Question 8

What is affected in occipital lobe injury?

Answer 8

Distortions of visual fields and changes in perception of color, size and shape

Question 9

What is affected in cerebellar injury?

Answer 9

Gait, movement, movement tone

Question 10

Brain stem injury?

Answer 10

HR, breathing, swallowing

Question 11

Hippocampal injury?

Answer 11

Changes in memory, mood, disordientation

Question 12

Pituitary injury?

Answer 12

Growth (in children), BP, fatigue depression, sexual drive, body temp, pain

Question 13

Hypothalamus injury?

Answer 13

Sex drive, thirst, hunger, emotions, sleep

Question 14

Amygdala injury?

Answer 14

Memory, emotions, depression, anxiety, learning and retention

Question 15

Define compression fracture?

Answer 15

A depressed skull fracture in which the broken bone exerts pressure on the brain.

Question 16

Define concussion?

Answer 16

The common result of a blow to the head or sudden deceleration usually causing an altered mental state, either temporary or prolonged. Physiologic or anatomic disruption of connections between some nerve cells in the brain may occur. Often used by the public to refer to a brief loss of consciousness

Question 17

Define countercoup?

Answer 17

Bruising or damage to brain tissue on the side opposite where the blow was struck

Question 18

Define diffuse brain injury?

Answer 18

Injury to cells in many areas of the brain rather than in one specific location

Question 19

Define hemotoma?

Answer 19

Rupture of a blood vessel leading to the collection of blood in brain tissues or empty spaces (epidural, subdural, intracerebral, subarachnoid)

Question 20

Define focal injury?

Answer 20

A focal Injury is confined to a specific area of the brain

Question 21

Define penetrating injury?

Answer 21

A penetrating injury occurs when an object, such as a bullet or hay hook, breaks through the skull, enters the brain and rips the soft brain tissue in its path

Question 22

Define skull fracture:

Answer 22

Skull fracture occurs by breaking of the bones surrounding the brain. A depressed skull fracture is one in which the broken bone exerts pressure on the brain

Question 23

What is post traumatic amnesia?

Answer 23

Normal part of the healing process:

1- little or no short-term memory

2- disoriented, agitated, angry, impulsive, or extremely emotional

3-disinhibited, demonstrating a complete disregard for social conventions

4- act like a child

5- behave bizarrely or in a manner completely alien to their personality.

Question 24

Primary components of rehabilitation?

Answer 24

Relearning forgotten skills

Compensating for more enduring impairments