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Biomedicine Specialised Core Subjects > Digestive system > Flashcards

Digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

What is peritoneum

A

membranes in the abdominopelvic cavity which connect the accessory organs together

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2
Q

What is the kidney in

A

retroperitoneal cavity

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3
Q

Why is the greater omentum called that

A

because it surrounds your fat stomach

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4
Q

What is the structure of the gi tract of membranes

A

Mucosa - inner layer, submicosa - ct middle layer, muscularis externa - outer layer of smooth longitudinal muscle

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5
Q

How many muscles does the stomach have

A

3

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6
Q

What is weird about the mucosa membrane in the small intestine

A

to maximise absorbtion surface area is maximised

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7
Q

Where do triglycerides go in default

A

lymphatic system

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8
Q

Where do all other nutrients go

A

directly into the circulatory system

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9
Q

What is the ph of the stomach

A

2

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10
Q

what is used to neutralise the acid of the stomach

A

m ucosa

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11
Q

What is the duodenum

A

receuves secretions from gallbladder and pancrease via the major duodenal papilla

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12
Q

What are the divisions of the small intestines

A

duodenum, jejunum and ileum

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13
Q

What is the structure of the folds

A

circular folds which have villi on top o that there is mucrovilli which is a simple columnar cell with little hair shaped things (Bart simpson)

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14
Q

Which one is first (Small or large intestine)

A

Small

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15
Q

What is another name of the large intestine

A

colon

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16
Q

What are the sections of the large intestine

A

cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid

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17
Q

What is off the cecum

A

the appendix

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18
Q

What is a flexure in the intestine

A

90 degree turn

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19
Q

What is the first flexure called

A

hepatic flexure

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20
Q

what is the second flexure alled

A

splenic flexure

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21
Q

what is the third flexure called

A

sigmoid flexure

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22
Q

What are the pouches in the large intestine called

A

foerstra

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23
Q

What are the omental appendices

A

lobules of fat

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24
Q

What is teniae coli

A

smooth muscle

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25
Q

What does the appendix do

A

it is a lymphatic organ and it also digests bark

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26
Q

Wat is the junction of the two intestines called

A

ileocecal junction

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27
Q

how long does the large intestine take

A

18 hrs

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28
Q

What is the pedundal nerve

A

know when to shit yourself

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29
Q

What is special about the rectum and anus

A

no tenae coli

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30
Q

What are the three embryonic sections

A

foregut, midgut and hindgut, which split the blood vessels

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31
Q

what is the foregut blood vessel

A

celiac trunk artery

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32
Q

what is the superior mesoteric artery

A

middlegut artery

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33
Q

what is the inferior meoteric

A

hindgut artery

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34
Q

What is the heptic portal vein go to

A

goes from intestines to liver

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35
Q

what does the liver do

A

help clean the organs

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36
Q

What is the abdominopelvic splanic nerve for

A

sympathetic digestive system nerves

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37
Q

what is the oral fissure

A

mouth

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38
Q

what do lips go to

A

facial nerve and facial artery

39
Q

What is the hard palate

A

Upper front mouth bone

40
Q

What is the soft pallate

A

Soft mouth muscle

41
Q

What does the tongue do

A

masticate and turn food into a dough (bolus)

42
Q

What do the salivary glands do

A

produce saliva

43
Q

What is dentin

A

tooth bone

44
Q

where are teeth located

A

maxilla and mandible

45
Q

what is enamel

A

tooth covering

46
Q

How many of each teeth type do we have

A

8 incisors, 4 canines, 8 premolars and 12 molars

47
Q

What cranial nerve in the frontal section of tongue done by

A

facial nerve

48
Q

what is the back section of the tongue done by

A

glossophryngeal nerve

49
Q

Do taste buds have specific tasted only

A

no, each taste bud can taste everything

50
Q

What do the taste buds comprise of

A

sensory gustatory cells and stem cells

51
Q

How many cells do the taste buds have

A

50-100

52
Q

What are the muscles of the tongue

A

intrinsic - change shape and extrinsic - change position

53
Q

What is the purpose of salivary glands

A

Moistens oral cavity and protects oral cavity - lysozyme

54
Q

How many salivaryu glands are there

A

6 (3 pairs)

55
Q

Where is the parotid gland

A

back of the mouth

56
Q

Where is the submandibular gland

A

bottom of the mouth

57
Q

Where is the sublingual gland

A

bottom of the mouth

58
Q

What do mucous cells secrete

A

mucin

59
Q

what do serous cells secrete

A

serous fluid

60
Q

what does the pharynx do

A

connect mouth to oesophagus

61
Q

what does the epiglottis do

A

move food to stomach not lungs

62
Q

What does the uvula do

A

prevents food from going up the nose

63
Q

what are the pharyngeal muscles for

A

they are skeletal muscles from vagus nerve with superior middle and inferior constrictors. It occurs from superior to inferior and compresses the oesphagus

64
Q

what is the oesphagus for

A

tube that connects pharynx to stomach

65
Q

what are the three layers of stomach muscle

A

longitudinal, circular and oblique

66
Q

What are the four lobes of the liver

A

right lobe, left lobe, quadrate lobe and caudate lobe

67
Q

Where does the pancreas go to

A

the spleen

68
Q

What does the gallbladder contain

A

bile

69
Q

What are the 2 functional lobes of the liver

A

right lobe and left lobe, split by the gallbladder, the quadrate and caudate lobe is part of the right anatomical lobe but left physiological lobe

70
Q

Where does the blood go into the liver

A

hepatic portal, formed by splenic + superior mesentric vein 75% of the time and heptic artery 25%

71
Q

What does the heptic portal vein contain

A

Drugs absorbed by intestine, blood cells and endocrine secretions of the pancreas

72
Q

where does the blood exit the liver

A

hepatic veins

73
Q

What is a hepatic sinusoid

A

how the cella are arranged in the liver, it is shaped like a hexagon with capillaries at each vertice and between the hepatocytes, there is also the lymphatic portocyte

74
Q

What does the liver do

A

Detoxifies nutrients, and produces bile in the hepatocytes which is drained into bile ductiles

75
Q

What is bile

A

basic fluid made of bicarbonate and pigments such as cholesterol and mucin

76
Q

How much bile is produced

A

750ml per day

77
Q

What does bile do

A

neutralises PH and emulsify fats

78
Q

What else does the liver do

A

break down bilirubin and metabolises drugs and modifies them into a water soluble form

79
Q

What does the gallbladder look like

A

sac

80
Q

What does the gallbladder do

A

store bile and concentrates the bile

81
Q

where does bile go to from the gallbladder

A

cystic - bile duct - hepopancreatic ampulla to major duodenal papilla to duodenum

82
Q

what is the gallbladder comprised of

A

neck, body and fundus

83
Q

where does the bile go into the gallbladder

A

common hepatic duct to cystic duct

84
Q

Where does the blood go to the gallbladder

A

cystic artery

85
Q

what does the exocrine pancreas do

A

serous secretory acini secrete enzyme-rich alkaline fluid into the duodenum
via the pancreatic duct and major duodenal papilla

86
Q

What is the function of pancreas

A

through acini cells it secretes pancreatic enzymes into the duodenum including amylase lipase and protease

87
Q

what hormones regulate enzyme release

A

secretin and cholecytokinin

88
Q

what regulates glucose

A

endocrine pancreas

89
Q

what is the blood supply of the pancreas

A

coleac trunk branches

90
Q

what specifically

A

gastroduodenal for the head and splenic for body and tail

91
Q

what does amylase do

A

digests carbohydrates and absorbs it into capillaries, found in the mouth and duodenum

92
Q

what does protease do

A

digest proteins and are found in intestinal capillaries

93
Q

what does lipase do

A

digest lipids in the duodenum and absorbed into the lymphatic sytem

Biomedicine Specialised Core Subjects (20 decks)

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