Cell structure

Question 1

What is an Organelle

Answer 1

An organelle is a membranous structure within the cell which can carry out specialised tasks

Question 2

What is the function of a nucleus?

Answer 2

To store the cell’s genetic information

Question 3

Do all human cells have nuclei?

Answer 3

No

Question 4

What is the largest organelle?

Answer 4

Nucleus

Question 5

What is the primary function of the Nucleolus

Answer 5

To synthesise ribosomes

Question 6

What is the function of a ribosome

Answer 6

To synthesise proteins

Question 7

How do ribosomes synthesize proteins?

Answer 7

They synthesize proteins via reading the messenger RNA which through the process of translation turns amino acids into proteins

Question 8

What is the primary difference between the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 8

Smooth ER has no ribosomes whereas the rough ER is covered in ribosomes

Question 9

What are the three main functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 9

Synthesise lipids
Detoxifies alcohol
Calcium storage

Question 10

What are the main two functions of the golgi apparatus?

Answer 10

Post-Translational modification of proteins
Synthesising Carbohydrates

Question 11

Where do proteins come from in the golgi apparatus?

Answer 11

Usually the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 12

Where does the golgi apparatus send proteins to?

Answer 12

Lysosomes
Plasma membrane
Secretion vesicles

Question 13

What is exocytosis

Answer 13

Sending something out of the cell with a vessicle

Question 14

What is endocytosis

Answer 14

Sending something into the cell with a vessicle. This includes phagocytosis and pinocytosis

Question 15

What is the main function of vesicles

Answer 15

For membrane bound intracellular transport, exocytosis and endocytosis primarily of proteins

Question 16

What are the three sizes of filaments for a cytoskeleton?

Answer 16

Microfilaments
Intermeddiate filaments
Microtubles

Question 17

What is the primary purpose of microfilaments?

Answer 17

to provide cell shape and movement

Question 18

What is the cytoskeleton made of?

Answer 18

proteins

Question 19

What is the primary purpose of intermediate filaments?

Answer 19

Provide cell strength

Question 20

What is the primary purpose of microtubles?

Answer 20

Vesicle transport

Question 21

What is the primary purpose of a motor protein?

Answer 21

to transport vesicles on the cytoskeleton

Question 22

What are the types of motor protein for microtubles?

Answer 22

Kinesin and Dyenin

Question 23

What is the type of motor protein for microfilaments

Answer 23

Myosin

Question 24

What is the primary purpose of a lysosome?

Answer 24

Degrade extracellular proteins and carbohydrates

Question 25

What does a lysosome contain that can speed up the process of breaking down proteins?

Answer 25

Enzymes

Question 26

What is the primary purpose of a peroxisome?

Answer 26

To oxidise organic molecules

Question 27

What can the peroxisome detoxify via oxidation

Answer 27

Alcohol and other drugs

Question 28

Where do phospholipids get broken down into fatty acids?

Answer 28

The peroxisome

Question 29

What is the primary purpose of a proteosome?

Answer 29

Degrade intracellular proteins

Question 30

What is an autophagosome?

Answer 30

A structure that forms then engulfs the damaged cell contents, which then send the cell contents to the lysosome which breaks down the damaged cell contents through autophagy

Question 31

How do we produce and store short term energy

Answer 31

Through the removal and addition of phosphate ions in ATP

Question 32

What organelles have a double membrane?

Answer 32

Nucleus and Mitochondria

Question 33

Where with what do we synthesise ATP

Answer 33

Enzymes in the mitochondria

Question 34

What is the matrix

Answer 34

Gaps in between the folds of the inner membrane which contains the inner workings of the mitochondria

Question 35

What is the cristae

Answer 35

Folds in the inner membrane of the mitochondria

Question 36

Do prokaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles?

Answer 36

No

Question 37

Why are cells small

Answer 37

Due to there needing a large amount of surface area to exchange units but a small amount of volume so the cell doesn't need too many nutrients, and to maximize the surface area to volume ratio, cells need to be small.