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Biomedicine Specialised Core Subjects > Cell structure > Flashcards

Cell structure Flashcards

1
Q

What is an Organelle

A

An organelle is a membranous structure within the cell which can carry out specialised tasks

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2
Q

What is the function of a nucleus?

A

To store the cell’s genetic information

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3
Q

Do all human cells have nuclei?

A

No

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4
Q

What is the largest organelle?

A

Nucleus

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5
Q

What is the primary function of the Nucleolus

A

To synthesise ribosomes

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6
Q

What is the function of a ribosome

A

To synthesise proteins

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7
Q

How do ribosomes synthesize proteins?

A

They synthesize proteins via reading the messenger RNA which through the process of translation turns amino acids into proteins

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8
Q

What is the primary difference between the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Smooth ER has no ribosomes whereas the rough ER is covered in ribosomes

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9
Q

What are the three main functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

Synthesise lipids
Detoxifies alcohol
Calcium storage

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10
Q

What are the main two functions of the golgi apparatus?

A

Post-Translational modification of proteins
Synthesising Carbohydrates

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11
Q

Where do proteins come from in the golgi apparatus?

A

Usually the rough endoplasmic reticulum

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12
Q

Where does the golgi apparatus send proteins to?

A

Lysosomes
Plasma membrane
Secretion vesicles

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13
Q

What is exocytosis

A

Sending something out of the cell with a vessicle

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14
Q

What is endocytosis

A

Sending something into the cell with a vessicle. This includes phagocytosis and pinocytosis

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15
Q

What is the main function of vesicles

A

For membrane bound intracellular transport, exocytosis and endocytosis primarily of proteins

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16
Q

What are the three sizes of filaments for a cytoskeleton?

A

Microfilaments
Intermeddiate filaments
Microtubles

17
Q

What is the primary purpose of microfilaments?

A

to provide cell shape and movement

18
Q

What is the cytoskeleton made of?

A

proteins

19
Q

What is the primary purpose of intermediate filaments?

A

Provide cell strength

20
Q

What is the primary purpose of microtubles?

A

Vesicle transport

21
Q

What is the primary purpose of a motor protein?

A

to transport vesicles on the cytoskeleton

22
Q

What are the types of motor protein for microtubles?

A

Kinesin and Dyenin

23
Q

What is the type of motor protein for microfilaments

A

Myosin

24
Q

What is the primary purpose of a lysosome?

A

Degrade extracellular proteins and carbohydrates

25
Q

What does a lysosome contain that can speed up the process of breaking down proteins?

A

Enzymes

26
Q

What is the primary purpose of a peroxisome?

A

To oxidise organic molecules

27
Q

What can the peroxisome detoxify via oxidation

A

Alcohol and other drugs

28
Q

Where do phospholipids get broken down into fatty acids?

A

The peroxisome

29
Q

What is the primary purpose of a proteosome?

A

Degrade intracellular proteins

30
Q

What is an autophagosome?

A

A structure that forms then engulfs the damaged cell contents, which then send the cell contents to the lysosome which breaks down the damaged cell contents through autophagy

31
Q

How do we produce and store short term energy

A

Through the removal and addition of phosphate ions in ATP

32
Q

What organelles have a double membrane?

A

Nucleus and Mitochondria

33
Q

Where with what do we synthesise ATP

A

Enzymes in the mitochondria

34
Q

What is the matrix

A

Gaps in between the folds of the inner membrane which contains the inner workings of the mitochondria

35
Q

What is the cristae

A

Folds in the inner membrane of the mitochondria

36
Q

Do prokaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles?

A

No

37
Q

Why are cells small

A

Due to there needing a large amount of surface area to exchange units but a small amount of volume so the cell doesn’t need too many nutrients, and to maximize the surface area to volume ratio, cells need to be small.

Biomedicine Specialised Core Subjects (20 decks)

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