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Biomedicine Specialised Core Subjects > Membrane Transport > Flashcards

Membrane Transport Flashcards

1
Q

What is entropy

A

Entropy is something that always increases and it is the law that all particles go to disorder (everything wants to diffuse)

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2
Q

Why is membrane transport important

A

Because cells need nutrients which cannot pass through the membrane

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3
Q

What is flux

A

Number of molecules passing through an area in a given amount of time. The diffusion of molecules

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4
Q

What is the diffusion coeficcient

A

Other things that the flux cares about (size of the molecule and temperature)

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5
Q

What does the permeability mean

A

How easy it is to pass through (p=0 cannot go through, p=1 can go through super easliy)

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6
Q

What is needed to be permeable in membranes

A

Small and non polar molecules

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7
Q

Is flux and permeability the same thing

A

yes (in this context)

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8
Q

What is the dominant extracellular cation

A

Na+

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9
Q

What is the dominant intracellular cation

A

K+

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10
Q

What is the dominant extracellular anion

A

Cl-

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11
Q

What is the dominant Intracellular anion

A

PO4(3-)

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12
Q

What is an aquaporin

A

A small membrane transport machine which transports water

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13
Q

What is osmorality

A

The concentration of everything that dissolves in water other than water

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14
Q

How does entropy apply in water

A

Water diffuses to high osmorality

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15
Q

What is the osmolarity of 1mol/L aqueous solution of Na3PO4

A

4 osmolar

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16
Q

What is the osmolarity of cytoplasm

A

0.3 osmolar

17
Q

Why do cells not like pure water

A

Difference in osmolarity causes extreme pressure in the cell (8atm for 0.3 osmolar difference)

18
Q

What is tonicity

A

Whether a cell grows or shrinks due to osmosis

19
Q

What is isotonic

A

No movement of water in and out of the cell

20
Q

What is hypo and hyper tonic

A

Hyper - high pressure in the surroundings, cell compresses
Hypotonic - cell expands

21
Q

Why is an iso-osmolar solution not always isotonic

A

Osmolarity is measured in the beginning, tonicity is measured at the end. One thing can not be in equilibrium making the solution not isotonic at the end.

22
Q

What are the different types of transport activity

A

Diffusion
Channel
Transport
Active transport

23
Q

What are the types of passive transport

A

Simple diffusion, channel mediated (with a channel protein)

24
Q

how does active transport work?

A

Through a transportation pump.

25
Q

What are the types of gates for channel proteins

A

Voltage gated, ligand gated and mechanically gated

26
Q

What cell gates do the laws of linear flux apply to

A

Simple diffusion, channel diffusion

27
Q

Why does carrier mediated diffusion have a rate limit

A

Because it can only move a specific speed (saturate)

28
Q

Why are carriers used

A

because if there is a low concentration gradient, it can achieve a higher rate than standard diffusion

29
Q

Why do we need to eat both salt and sugar

A

Salt has sodium, which is necessary to get a strong concentration gradient. This means that the body can scavenge for sugar into the cell.

30
Q

Which conc gradient is used for if two chemicals want to go in for a transporter

A

The strongest

31
Q

What are the different types of active transport

A

P type (ions), F type (produce ATP), ABC transporter (molecules)

32
Q

Do ABC transports go in both directions

A

no

33
Q

How many ions does one ATP-ADP reaction fuel

A

2K+ goes in, 3NA+ goes out

34
Q

Which fluid is negatively charged

A

intracellular fluid

35
Q

How does glucose and sodium transport work

A

The glucose and sodium goes in the cell via transporters. Then the glucose pumps with the blood with concentration gradient via passive transporters and the NA gets pumped out with the counteraction of K+ with P type pump

36
Q

How does exocytosis work

A

When a hormone arrives, the membrane will let it out

37
Q

How does random endocytosis work

A

Cell bumps into something, then forms a vesicle.

38
Q
A

Biomedicine Specialised Core Subjects (20 decks)

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