Membrane Transport

Question 1

What is entropy

Answer 1

Entropy is something that always increases and it is the law that all particles go to disorder (everything wants to diffuse)

Question 2

Why is membrane transport important

Answer 2

Because cells need nutrients which cannot pass through the membrane

Question 3

What is flux

Answer 3

Number of molecules passing through an area in a given amount of time. The diffusion of molecules

Question 4

What is the diffusion coeficcient

Answer 4

Other things that the flux cares about (size of the molecule and temperature)

Question 5

What does the permeability mean

Answer 5

How easy it is to pass through (p=0 cannot go through, p=1 can go through super easliy)

Question 6

What is needed to be permeable in membranes

Answer 6

Small and non polar molecules

Question 7

Is flux and permeability the same thing

Answer 7

yes (in this context)

Question 8

What is the dominant extracellular cation

Answer 8

Na+

Question 9

What is the dominant intracellular cation

Answer 9

K+

Question 10

What is the dominant extracellular anion

Answer 10

Cl-

Question 11

What is the dominant Intracellular anion

Answer 11

PO4(3-)

Question 12

What is an aquaporin

Answer 12

A small membrane transport machine which transports water

Question 13

What is osmorality

Answer 13

The concentration of everything that dissolves in water other than water

Question 14

How does entropy apply in water

Answer 14

Water diffuses to high osmorality

Question 15

What is the osmolarity of 1mol/L aqueous solution of Na3PO4

Answer 15

4 osmolar

Question 16

What is the osmolarity of cytoplasm

Answer 16

0.3 osmolar

Question 17

Why do cells not like pure water

Answer 17

Difference in osmolarity causes extreme pressure in the cell (8atm for 0.3 osmolar difference)

Question 18

What is tonicity

Answer 18

Whether a cell grows or shrinks due to osmosis

Question 19

What is isotonic

Answer 19

No movement of water in and out of the cell

Question 20

What is hypo and hyper tonic

Answer 20

Hyper - high pressure in the surroundings, cell compresses
Hypotonic - cell expands

Question 21

Why is an iso-osmolar solution not always isotonic

Answer 21

Osmolarity is measured in the beginning, tonicity is measured at the end. One thing can not be in equilibrium making the solution not isotonic at the end.

Question 22

What are the different types of transport activity

Answer 22

Diffusion
Channel
Transport
Active transport

Question 23

What are the types of passive transport

Answer 23

Simple diffusion, channel mediated (with a channel protein)

Question 24

how does active transport work?

Answer 24

Through a transportation pump.

Question 25

What are the types of gates for channel proteins

Answer 25

Voltage gated, ligand gated and mechanically gated

Question 26

What cell gates do the laws of linear flux apply to

Answer 26

Simple diffusion, channel diffusion

Question 27

Why does carrier mediated diffusion have a rate limit

Answer 27

Because it can only move a specific speed (saturate)

Question 28

Why are carriers used

Answer 28

because if there is a low concentration gradient, it can achieve a higher rate than standard diffusion

Question 29

Why do we need to eat both salt and sugar

Answer 29

Salt has sodium, which is necessary to get a strong concentration gradient. This means that the body can scavenge for sugar into the cell.

Question 30

Which conc gradient is used for if two chemicals want to go in for a transporter

Answer 30

The strongest

Question 31

What are the different types of active transport

Answer 31

P type (ions), F type (produce ATP), ABC transporter (molecules)

Question 32

Do ABC transports go in both directions

Answer 32

no

Question 33

How many ions does one ATP-ADP reaction fuel

Answer 33

2K+ goes in, 3NA+ goes out

Question 34

Which fluid is negatively charged

Answer 34

intracellular fluid

Question 35

How does glucose and sodium transport work

Answer 35

The glucose and sodium goes in the cell via transporters. Then the glucose pumps with the blood with concentration gradient via passive transporters and the NA gets pumped out with the counteraction of K+ with P type pump

Question 36

How does exocytosis work

Answer 36

When a hormone arrives, the membrane will let it out

Question 37

How does random endocytosis work

Answer 37

Cell bumps into something, then forms a vesicle.