Endocrine system

Question 1

What is hypophisis

Answer 1

Pirtuary gland

Question 2

What is the purpose of the endocrine system

Answer 2

slow communication system

Question 3

What are the types of hormone release

Answer 3

Acute (short term), chronic (long term) and episodic (menstruation)

Question 4

Where is the hypothalamus

Answer 4

anterior and inferior o the thalamus

Question 5

What way does the pituary gland communicate from and to

Answer 5

communicates to two glands (anterior and posterior pirtuary glands)

Question 6

what are the science names of the pirtuary glands

Answer 6

anteriohypohisis and neurohypophisis

Question 7

What is the fat part of the pirtuary gland

Answer 7

anterior

Question 8

What is the communication betwenn the hypothalamus and pirtuary gland

Answer 8

hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system

Question 9

What are the anterior pirtuary gland hormones

Answer 9

growth hormones, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, melanocyte stimulating hormone

Question 10

what are the lutenizing hormone

Answer 10

reproductive hormone

Question 11

What is prolactin

Answer 11

lactation hormones

Question 12

What are the hormones for back pirtuary

Answer 12

anti diuretic hormone, increased water reabsorbtion, and oxytosin

Question 13

what is the pineal gland

Answer 13

Synthesises melatonin and serotonin, sleep cycle

Question 14

What happens with the pineal gland in your 30’s

Answer 14

it calcifies

Question 15

What are the regions of the thyroid

Answer 15

left and right lobe and isthmus

Question 16

What do the thyroid follicles look like

Answer 16

follicular cell ring and colloid filled

Question 17

What are the follicular cell rings shaped

Answer 17

simple cuboidal

Question 18

what does the thyroid regulate

Answer 18

metabolism

Question 19

What stimulates the release of t3 and t4

Answer 19

iodine

Question 20

What is calcitonin

Answer 20

regulates calcium

Question 21

What does calcitonin do when released

Answer 21

Stops calsium

Question 22

What is the parathyroid hormone and the parathyroid glands

Answer 22

parathyroid glands are near the thyroid and produce parathyroid hormones which increases calcium

Question 23

What is the adrenal gland

Answer 23

It is above the kidney and produces hormone

Question 24

What is the cortex in the adrenal gland

Answer 24

salt sugar and sex

Question 25

What is the medulla produce

Answer 25

stress hormones

Question 26

What s the endocrine function of the pancrease

Answer 26

produce insulin glucagon and somatostatin

Question 27

What i produced in the balls (testes)

Answer 27

stimulate testosterone and spermatogenesis

Question 28

what are ovaries for

Answer 28

stimulated by follicle stimulating hormone which produces oestrogen an progesterone

Question 29

What is the compromise made by cell specialisation

Answer 29

Them not being able to survive as one cell

Question 30

what is homeostatis

Answer 30

communication between specialised cells and they all work together. These hence maintain a static condition in the body

Question 31

what are the homeostatic control systems

Answer 31

cardiovascular, circultory, respiratory, reproductive, gastrointestinal, urinary, endocrine and neurophysiological

Question 32

What is the buffer that can allow humans to survive varying temps

Answer 32

the extracellular matrix

Question 33

What allows the temp to keep the same

Answer 33

we have measures to keep it the same

Question 34

what is bernard famous for

Answer 34

homeostasis

Question 35

what is the normal values of human ecf

Answer 35

40 PO2, PCO2 40 Na+ 142, K+, CA2+ 1., Cl- 108, Glucose 85, temp 37, PH 7.4

Question 36

What has a real tight range

Answer 36

PH, temperature

Question 37

What is outside the normal rangers

Answer 37

hypo for below, hyper for aboce

Question 38

What is a control system

Answer 38

a stimulus which effect a receptor which affects an afferent pathway, which affect the integrating center, then affects the efferent pathway, which tells the effector to generate a response

Question 39

What detect temp

Answer 39

hypothalamus

Question 40

What is negative feedback

Answer 40

when we want to stop the stimulus

Question 41

what is positive feedback

Answer 41

non homeostatic stuff include blood clotting action portentials and childbirth

Question 42

What is required for something negative feedback loop to happen

Answer 42

error signal

Question 43

what is a feedforward loop

Answer 43

where you predict something FOF response

Question 44

What is a parametric feed forward

Answer 44

example would be opwning up a door, from something learned

Question 45

what is a predictive homeostasis

Answer 45

fight or flight

Question 46

what happens with exercise

Answer 46

your carbon dioxide goes down because exercise produces co2

Question 47

What do we need to know for homeostatic control

Answer 47

what vatiable needs to be constant, what are the receptors that detects changes in the variable, where is the afferent info anf what are the effectors

Question 48

what are the main communication systems

Answer 48

nervous and endocrine

Question 49

what is common with both nervous and endocrine systems

Answer 49

long distance

Question 50

what is the difference between nervous and endocrine system

Answer 50

ns is fast, es is slow, adaptation is quick for ns and slow for es. the ns is very specific whereas the es is wide

Question 51

What functions as both neurotransmitter and hormones

Answer 51

most neurotransmitters

Question 52

what is the difference between neurotransmiter and hormones

Answer 52

neurotransmitter = nervous, hormones = endocrine

Question 53

What is thermo regulation

Answer 53

through shivering when cold and sweating when hot, it is operated by the hypothalamus.

Question 54

what is how temperature works

Answer 54

low body temp -> thermoreceptors -> sensory neurons -> brain -> motor neurons -> blood vessels -> increase temp

Question 55

What causes blood glucose levels to increase

Answer 55

glucagon

Question 56

What is the stimulus cycle for blood glucose

Answer 56

elevated blood glucose -> beta cells in pancreas -> pancreas secretes inculin ->transport in blood -> liver opens up glucose channels -> decrease glucose

Question 57

What is the baroreceptor reflec

Answer 57

to increase blood pressure

Question 58

what is he positive feedback loop of childbirth

Answer 58

child puts pressure in the cervix which secretes oxytosin which increases the contraction of the uterus which increases pressure

Question 59

what is the voltage gated channels action porential

Answer 59

positive feedback loop