DNA Flashcards
1
Q
what is the genome?
A
the total DNA of an organism- coding for all of its characteristics
2
Q
what is a chromosome?
A
- a straight (linear) strand of DNA.
- most cells contain pairs of chromosomes- 2 strands with the same genes
3
Q
what is a gene?
A
a short section of DNA within a chromosome- it codes for a specific protein (gives us characteristics)
4
Q
what is DNA?
A
-the chemical which contains the information for making proteins
- contains the instructions for all the structures and reactions needed in all the cells of an organism
5
Q
what is DNA made up of?
A
- a double stranded molecule- made of 2 chains of nucleotides
- the strands coil to make a double helix
6
Q
what is a nucleotide formed of?
A
a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate and a nitrogenous base
7
Q
what are the 4 bases?
A
- adenine
- thymine
- cytosine
- guanine
8
Q
the bases form complementary pairs which joins…
A
sugar- phosphate backbones together
9
Q
adenine always pairs with what?
A
thymine
10
Q
cytosine always pairs with what?
A
guanine
