effects of smoking

Question 1

how many chemicals do cigarettes contain?

Answer 1

over 4000

Question 2

how many carcinogens are there in tobacco smoke?

Answer 2

at least 17, including tar

Question 3

what can these chemicals do to your body?

Answer 3

• alter the DNA
• increase the risk of cancer

Question 4

what does tobacco smoke contain?

Answer 4

carbon monoxide

Question 5

what does carbon monoxide do?

Answer 5

irreversibly binds to haemoglobin forming carboxyhaemoglobin- reducing the amount of oxygen transported by the blood

Question 6

in healthy lungs what are the lining of the trachea and the bronchi specialised to prevent?

Answer 6

specialised to prevent dirt and bacteria entering the lungs

Question 7

what do goblet cells do?

Answer 7

produce mucus which traps dust and pathogens

Question 8

in healthy lungs what does the cilia do?

Answer 8

the cilia of the lining cells move, transporting the mucus up the airways (it is then swallowed)

Question 9

what do the chemicals in tobacco smoke do to the cilia?

Answer 9

destroy cilia, reducing their number

Question 10

what happens to mucus production when people smoke?

Answer 10

mucus production will increase

Question 11

what causes smokers cough?

Answer 11

mucus cannot be moved out of the airways quickly- this causes a build up

Question 12

what is bronchitis?

Answer 12

a disease resulting from the build-up of infected mucus in the bronchi and bronchioles

Question 13

what happens if the smoke reaches the alveoli?

Answer 13

• damages them
• alveoli walls break down and fuse together- forming larger irregular air spaces
• decreases the surface area for gas exchange- less oxygen diffuses into the blood

Question 14

what is emphysema?

Answer 14

a disease caused by the alveoli walls breaking down and fusing together due to smoke reaching the alveoli