DNA + RNA

Question 1

heredity

Answer 1

the passing on of features from parents to offspring by means of genes

Question 2

where is dna found

Answer 2

nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast

Question 3

chemical composition of a chromosome

Answer 3

protein + DNA

Question 4

what is the ratio of DNA to protein

Answer 4

dna 40% + Protein 60%

Question 5

what is the protein in a chromosome called

Answer 5

histones

Question 6

what is the function of protein in chromosomes

Answer 6

to keep the DNA tightly packed to fit in the nucleus

Question 7

where are genes located on the chromosome

Answer 7

along the strands of DNA

Question 8

genes

Answer 8

section of DNA that codes for the production of a protein

Question 9

non coding DNA

Answer 9

DNA that does not code for the formation of a protein ie junk DNA

Question 10

how much of DNA is composed of genes

Answer 10

3%
the rest is useless

Question 11

what does DNA stand for

Answer 11

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 12

what are the 4 bases in DNA

Answer 12

adenine
guanine
cytosine
thymine

Question 13

What type of bonding joins the complimentary bases

Answer 13

Hydrogen bonds

Question 14

Complimentary base of adenine

Answer 14

Thymine

Question 15

Complimentary base of guanine

Answer 15

Cytosine

Question 16

What is the shape of a DNA structure

Answer 16

2 parallel strands with several steps across

Question 17

What is the function of non coding dna?

Answer 17

Unknown

Question 18

What a nucleotide

Answer 18

A piece of strand that accompanies a base

Question 19

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide

Answer 19

Phosphate group
Deoxyribose
And a nitrogenous base Ie AGCT

Question 20

Which part of a nucleotide has to be drawn in the middle?

Answer 20

Deoxyribose

Question 21

What bases are purines

Answer 21

Adenine + Guanine

Question 22

Which bases are pyrimidines

Answer 22

Thymine + cytosine

Question 23

Genetic code

Answer 23

The sequence of bases that give instruction to the cell to make a certain protein

Question 24

When do genes work

Answer 24

When they are sent into the cytoplasm using RNA to make a certain protein

Question 25

Where is protein made?

Answer 25

Ribosomes

Question 26

How many consecutive bases along DNA code for one amino acid

Answer 26

3

Question 27

What is a codon or a triplet

Answer 27

3 consecutive bases along DNA that code for one amino acid

Question 28

How many codes are in a gene

Answer 28

200 codes for up to 20 amino acids

Question 29

Replication

Answer 29

The production of an identical copy of DNA

Question 30

When does DNA replication occur?

Answer 30

Interphase

Question 31

What controls DNA replication

Answer 31

Enzymes

Question 32

What does DNA replication require to happen

Answer 32

Energy

Question 33

What is the process of DNA replication

Answer 33

-Double helix unwinds + helicase breaks bonds between base pairs -free nucleotides move into nucleus and attach to exposed complimentary bases -2 og strands act as a template for new DNA. 2 identical strands are produced -the new double strands rewind forming a double helix - one side of each new DNA molecule comes from the OG and 1 is new. Genes of each chromosome are the exact same

Question 34

DNA Profiling

Answer 34

The process of making a pattern of bands from a persons DNA to compare with other DNA patterns

Question 35

How do you prepare a DNA profile?

Answer 35

-DNA is extracted from cells by breaking cell membrane and isolating DNA - DNA is cut into fragments by restriction enzymes - fragments are separated by size by gel electrophoresis - patterns are analysed and compared

Question 36

What are 2 uses of DNA profiling

Answer 36

Crime Ie biological samples like fingerprints Medical ie paternity testing

Question 37

Genetic screening

Answer 37

The testing DNA for the absence of presence of a specific gene or altered gene

Question 38

Give 2 uses of genetic screening

Answer 38

To see if a person is carrying genes that may cause a disease Or To see if a person has one copy of a gene for a genetic disorder that they could pass onto their children

Question 39

What does RNA stand for

Answer 39

Ribonucleic acid

Question 40

What are the differences between DNA and RNA

Answer 40

DNA: Double stranded Contains thymine Contains deoxyribose Only 1 type RNA Single stranded Contains uracil Contains ribose 3 types

Question 41

What are the 3 types of RNA

Answer 41

mRNA tRNA rRNA

Question 42

What are the 2 mains steps of protein synthesis

Answer 42

Transcription and translation

Question 43

Where does transcription occur

Answer 43

Nucleus

Question 44

Where does translation occur

Answer 44

Ribosomes

Question 45

What is transcription

Answer 45

The copying of a sequence of genetic bases from DNA onto messenger RNA

Question 46

What is mRNA’s function

Answer 46

Messenger, makes a copy of the genetic message

Question 47

Where does mRNA function

Answer 47

Nucleus

Question 48

What does the m in mRNA stand for

Answer 48

Messenger

Question 49

What does the r in r RNA stand for

Answer 49

Ribosomal

Question 50

What does the t in tRNA stand for

Answer 50

Transfer

Question 51

Where does rRNA function

Answer 51

Ribosome

Question 52

What is rRNA’s function

Answer 52

Used as a template to make protein Used to attach tRNA to mRNA

Question 53

Where does tRNA work

Answer 53

Ribosome

Question 54

What is the function of tRNA

Answer 54

Places amino acids in correct sequence to make a protein

Question 55

What is translation

Answer 55

The manufacture of protein by converting the sequence of genetic bases from mRNA into a chain of amino acids

Question 56

Describe the process of translation

Answer 56

-mRNA moves into ribosomes - mRNA forms a weak bond with rRNA -tRNA is attracted to mRNA in ribosome - after start codon, tRNA releases its amino acid in ribosome -correct sequence and folding is needed for correct function of protein

Question 57

describe the process of transcription

Answer 57

-complementary RNA nucleotides join an exposed strands of DNA -RNA polymerase join RNA nucleotides to form mRNA -start codon begins the genetic info to be transcribed -stop codon signals for genetic material to stop being transcribed and forms a gene.