Fungi

Question 1

are fungi uni or multicellular

Answer 1

multicellular

Question 2

what is the one exception of fungi being multicellular?

Answer 2

yeast

Question 3

what type of nutrition does fungi use

Answer 3

heterotrophic , saprophytic

Question 4

how do fungi reproduce?

Answer 4

through spores

Question 5

what are fungi made up of?

Answer 5

Made of thread-like structures called hyphae

Question 6

what is their cell wall made up of

Answer 6

Cell wall made of chitin

Question 7

do fungi contain chlorophyll?

Answer 7

no they are not plants

Question 8

why are fungi heterotrophic

Answer 8

Do not contain chlorophyll + can’t make their own food

Question 9

what are fungis main role as saphrophytes

Answer 9

act as decomposers

Question 10

symbiosis

Answer 10

two different species living in close proximity to each other where at least 1 party benefits

Question 11

how to distinguish between an edible or poisonous fungi

Answer 11

Difficult to distinguish
Features used to distinguish - cap, spore type, stalk, smell, colour

Question 12

example of a poisonous fungi

Answer 12

death cap, destroying angel

Question 13

example of an edible fungi

Answer 13

field mushroom, morel, truffle

Question 14

harmful vs beneficial economic uses of fungi

Answer 14

beneficial
Yeast used to make bread/alcohol
Source of nutrition (button mushrooms)

harmful
Attack crops (potato blight)
Causes dry rot, mildew causing damage

Question 15

harmful vs beneficial medical uses of fungi

Answer 15

beneficial:
Production of antibiotics (e.g penicillin)
Produce enzymes

harmful:
Infect animals (ringworm/athlete’s foot)
Poisonous fungi contain toxins

Question 16

give 2 examples of fungi you have studied

Answer 16

Rhizopus + yeast

Question 17

structure of a rhizopus

Answer 17

It consists of long, thin threads called hyphae with black pins at the end of vertical hyphae

Question 18

what is a rhizopus also commonly known as

Answer 18

black bread mould

Question 19

are rhizopus haploid or diploid

Answer 19

haploid

Question 20

what are the 3 types of hyphae in a rhizopus

Answer 20

Stolons
o Rhizoids
o Sporangiophores

Question 21

how do rhizopus absorb food

Answer 21

diffusion

Question 22

stolon:

Answer 22

aerial hyphae growing horizontally, these spread over the surface, turning downward at intervals to create rhizoids.

Question 23

Rhizoids

Answer 23

: branched hyphae that penetrate the food source anchoring the fungus. Release digestive enzymes into food and absorb digested food.

Question 24

sporangiophore

Answer 24

hyphae that arise unbranched from rhizoid tufts; enlarge at tip to form spherical sporangia.

Question 25

Columella

Answer 25

cross wall pushing up into sporangium from below. Separate spores from sporangiophore.

Question 26

Apophysis

Answer 26

- swelling below sporangium.

Question 27

Apophysis -

Answer 27

swelling below sporangium.

Question 28

spores

Answer 28

are small, black, light, asexual reproductive structures- can be carried by wind.

Question 29

rhizopus digestion

Answer 29

lives on starchy/sugary food. Rhizopus releases enzymes on to substrate. Breaks down aloohydrate to maltose - reabsorbed by diffusion. This process is extra-cellular digestion.

Question 30

how do rhizopus reproduce

Answer 30

. Reproduce asexually (more preferable) and sexually.

Question 31

what type of asexual reproduction do rhizopus use

Answer 31

sporulation

Question 32

describe sporulation

Answer 32

1. Mitosis occurs in sporangium 2. Each cell develops a resistant wall and is now called a spore. 3. In dry conditions the sporangium dries out and bursts, releasing spores. 4. If spores land/on a suitable substrate, they will germinate and new mycelium forms

Question 33

what causes a rhizopus to use sexual reproduction instead?

Answer 33

Caused by dehydration /unsuitable conditions

Question 34

what are the common characteristics of a rhizopus born from sporulation

Answer 34

1 parent genetically identical

Question 35

which is faster, sexual or asexual

Answer 35

asexual

Question 36

describe sexual reproduction in a rhizopus

Answer 36

- opposite strains of hyphae attract -swelling, form - progametangia form - gametangia form - fusion of nuclei (fertilization) -  Zygospore (2n) forms - germination of zygospore by meiosis when conditions are suitible)

Question 37

in what way are sexually reproduced Rhizopus different to each other

Answer 37

No male/female - structurally identical - chemically different: positive and negative strains

Question 38

what is yeasts cell wall made of

Answer 38

chitin

Question 39

is yeast uni or multi cellular

Answer 39

uni

Question 40

what shape is yeast

Answer 40

Each cell is roughly oval or spherical in shape

Question 41

how does yeast respire

Answer 41

respires and anaerobically - fermentation

Question 42

what are the contents of the yeast cell

Answer 42

A single haploid nucleus A large central vacuole A thin cell wall -> Made from chitin

Question 43

how does yeast reproduce

Answer 43

asexually

Question 44

what is the asexual reproduction method that yeast uses?

Answer 44

budding

Question 45

is budding fast or slow

Answer 45

very fast