Endocrine System

Question 1

function of the endocrine system

Answer 1

to produce hormones

Question 2

function of hormones

Answer 2

regulate activities of various systems in the body

Question 3

hormones

Answer 3

chemical messages produced in ductless glands carried in the blood for use in another part of the body

Question 4

what does being ductless mean for hormones?

Answer 4

they do directly to the blood

Question 5

chemical composition of hormones

Answer 5

proteins, CHON

Question 6

endocrine glands

Answer 6

structures that secrete substances directly into the bloodstream

Question 7

exocrine glands

Answer 7

structures that secrete substances into ducts

Question 8

where is the adrenal gland located?

Answer 8

on top of the kidneys

Question 9

what 2 substances does the pancreas secrete

Answer 9

insulin
pancreatic juice

Question 10

what are the 7 major endocrine glands

Answer 10

hypothalamus
pituitary gland
thyroid gland
parathyroid glands
adrenal glands
islets of langerhans (pancreas)
ovaries + testies

Question 11

location of pituitary

Answer 11

just below brain

Question 12

location of hypothalamus

Answer 12

in the brain

Question 13

location of pineal

Answer 13

in the brain

Question 14

location of thyroid

Answer 14

neck

Question 15

location of parathyroid

Answer 15

4 glands embedded in the thyroid

Question 16

location of thymus

Answer 16

behind breast bone (disintegrates during puberty)

Question 17

location of pancreas

Answer 17

under the stomach

Question 18

location of ovaries/testies

Answer 18

lower abdomen/scrotum

Question 19

hormone for pituitary

Answer 19

growth hormone

Question 20

hormone for hypothalamus

Answer 20

ADH

Question 21

hormone for pineal

Answer 21

melatonin

Question 22

hormone for thyroid

Answer 22

thyroxine

Question 23

hormone for parathyroid

Answer 23

parathormone

Question 24

hormone for thymus

Answer 24

thymosin

Question 25

hormone for adrenal

Answer 25

adrenaline

Question 26

hormone for pancreas

Answer 26

insulin

Question 27

hormone for orvaries + testies

Answer 27

oestrogen+ progesterone/ testosterone

Question 28

function of oestrogen+ progesterone/ testosterone

Answer 28

control sexual developement

Question 29

function of insulin

Answer 29

control blood sugar levels

Question 30

function of adrenaline

Answer 30

fight or flight instinct

Question 31

function of thymosin

Answer 31

causes lymphocytes to mature

Question 32

function of parathormone

Answer 32

controls release of calcium from bone to blood plasma

Question 33

function of thyroxine

Answer 33

controls metabolic rate

Question 34

function of melatonin

Answer 34

biological rhythms ie sleep Activity patterns

Question 35

function of ADH

Answer 35

osmoregulation

Question 36

function of growth hormone

Answer 36

stimulate growth

Question 37

composition of thyroxine

Answer 37

tyrosine and iodine

Question 38

symptoms of thyroxine deficiency in children

Answer 38

low metabolic rates retarded mental/physical development (cretinism)

Question 39

symptoms of thyroxine deficiency in adults

Answer 39

low metabolic rate tiredness lack of energy weight gain myxoedema

Question 40

what is myxoedema

Answer 40

swelling of the thyroid gland (goitre)

Question 41

corrective measures for a thyroxine deficiency in newborns

Answer 41

levels tested in a heel prick test thyroxine administered if needed

Question 42

corrective measures for a thyroxine deficiency in adults

Answer 42

thyroxine tablets or iodine can be taken surgical removal of goitre in extreme cases

Question 43

symptoms of thyroxine in excess

Answer 43

increased metabolic rate bulging eyes constant hunger weight loss irritability anxiousness

Question 44

what is the name given to the condition where you have an excess of thyroxine

Answer 44

graves' disease

Question 45

corrective measures of an excess of thyroxine

Answer 45

surgically remove part of thyroid gland

Question 46

feedback

Answer 46

when the level of one hormone controls the production of the other

Question 47

negative feedback

Answer 47

occurs when an increasing level of a hormone in the blood stops the production of itself

Question 48

give a detailed account of a feedback mechanism of thyroxine

Answer 48

if the level of thyroxine is normal it stops the pituitary gland from releasing the thyroid stimulating hormone and no more thyroxine is made when thyroxine levels fall below the required level the pituitary gland produces more TSH TSH causes more thyroxine to be made and released until levels return back to normal

Question 49

give 2 examples of a hormone suppliment

Answer 49

insulin and anabolic steroids

Question 50

why do humans take hormone suppliments

Answer 50

if they cant produce sufficent levels themselves

Question 51

what does insulin treat and how

Answer 51

diabetes- by regulating blood sugar levels

Question 52

what are the effects of low insulin

Answer 52

it prevents glucose from being used up for energy

Question 53

symptoms of low insulin

Answer 53

high concentration of glucose in urine/bloodstream fatigue, weightloss

Question 54

what causes low insulin

Answer 54

failed function of islets of langerhans

Question 55

what tissue produces insulin

Answer 55

islets of langerhans

Question 56

how are low insulin levels corrected

Answer 56

injections of insulin into the bloodstream or an insulin pump

Question 57

what is the function of anabolic steroids

Answer 57

build up protein, faster recovery muscle after training

Question 58

dangerous side effects of anabolic steroids

Answer 58

liver or adrenal gland damage, infertility, production of male traits in female users

Question 59

what hormone are anabolic steroids similar to

Answer 59

testosterone

Question 60

how to tell the difference between exocrine and endocrine

Answer 60

endocrine- d for ductless ie directly to blood exocrine- has ducts