Respiration

Question 1

respiration

Answer 1

the release of energy from food

Question 2

aerobic respiration

Answer 2

the release of energy from food using oxygen

Question 3

who uses aerobic respiration

Answer 3

humans, animals, plants

Question 4

what are the products of aerobic respiration

Answer 4

carbon dioxide and water vapour

Question 5

anaerobic respiration

Answer 5

the release of energy from food without using oxygen ie fermentation

Question 6

who uses anaerobic respiration

Answer 6

bacteria and some fungi

Question 7

what are the products of anaerobic respiration

Answer 7

lactic acid or
carbon dioxide + ethanol

Question 8

balanced equation for respiration

Answer 8

C6H12O6 + 6O2 —–> 6CO2 + 6H20 + energy

Question 9

what is the energy produced in respiration

Answer 9

ATP

Question 10

what does ATP do in respiration?

Answer 10

it is readily available for the cell to use it for muscular contraction, cell repair, cell division ect

Question 11

how many stages are there in aerobic respiration

Answer 11

2

Question 12

what is the first stage of aerobic respiration called?

Answer 12

glycolisis

Question 13

how is most energy produced released?

Answer 13

as heat energy from the liver

Question 14

what happens in glycolisis

Answer 14

glucose (6 carbon molecule) breaks down into 2, 3 carbon molecules called pyruvate or pyruvic acid.

Question 15

where does glycolysis take place

Answer 15

in the cytosol of the cell

Question 16

what is the cytosol of the cell?

Answer 16

the cytoplasm without all the organelles

Question 17

how much energy is releases in glycolysis

Answer 17

very little energy

Question 18

is oxygen necessary for glycolysis to take place?

Answer 18

no- this is the anaerobic process

Question 19

what is released during glycolysis

Answer 19

hydrogen atoms are released from glucose
the hydrogen splits into 2 electrons and 2 protons
1proton and 2 electrons join with NAD+ forming NADH and 1 proton is left over

Question 20

where does respiration occur the most?

Answer 20

in the muscle and liver cells as there is lots of mitochondria

Question 21

what are the names given to part 2

Answer 21

Krebs cycle
electron transport chain

Question 22

what happens in part 2

Answer 22

pyruvate enters the mitochondria if there is oxygen present
here the 3-carbon molecule is converted into a 2-carbon molecule called acetyl co-a.
the acetyl Co-A enters into the Krebs cycle
then the NADH moves to the inner membrane of the mitochondria and enters the electron transport chain

Question 23

what is the fate of acetyl co-a

Answer 23

to enter into the krebs cycle when in the presence of oxygen

Question 24

what are the 3 products of the krebs cycle

Answer 24

CO2
ATP
NADH

Question 25

where does the krebs cycle occur?

Answer 25

the mitochondria

Question 26

what happens in the krebs cycle

Answer 26

acetyl co-a is converted into CO2 and hydrogen. CO2 is released and exhaled through the breathing system (alveoli) hydrogen splits into 2 electrons and 2 protons. 2 e and 1 p join with NAD+ forming NADH and 1 p is left over

Question 27

what is the main purpose of the electron transport chain

Answer 27

water is made there

Question 28

what is the purpose of the ETCs being located in the infoldings of the mitochondria?

Answer 28

more surface area=more energy produced

Question 29

describe what happens in the electron transport chain

Answer 29

electrons in NADH are released and transferred down the ETC as electrons pass down through the chain, energy is released which is used to make ATP at the end of the ETC the low energy electrons combine with hydrogen (from NADH) and oxygen (from inhaling) forming H2O

Question 30

what process is used for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 30

glycolysis

Question 31

what happens after glycolysis in anaerobic respiration

Answer 31

if oxygen is not present pyruvate cannot enter the mitochondria and will be converted to some other end products in the cytosol

Question 32

fermentation

Answer 32

the release of energy from food in the absence of oxygen

Question 33

what are the types of anaerobic respiration

Answer 33

lactic acid fermentation alcohol fermentation

Question 34

what happens in lactic acid fermentation

Answer 34

glucose converts to lactic acid and very little energy can be harmful to body - causes cramps

Question 35

what happens in alcohol fermentation

Answer 35

glucose is converted into alcohol and carbondioxide

Question 36

biotechnology

Answer 36

use of living things or their components to manufacture products

Question 37

bioreactor

Answer 37

a large vessel in which microorganisms are used to make a product

Question 38

what is a microbe

Answer 38

fermenting of food to produce a new food

Question 39

explain bacteria in bioprocessing

Answer 39

microbe: bacteria product: ethanol + antibiotics use: beer, wine, perfume, to kill other bacteria

Question 40

explain yeast in bioprocessing

Answer 40

microbe: yeast product: ethanol, co2 use: beer wine, causes dough to rise