The Nervous System

Question 1

what are the 2 systems that coordinate the body enabling it to respond to stimuli

Answer 1

the endocrine+ nervous systems

Question 2

differences between the nervous system and the endocrine system

Answer 2

Nervous:
electrochemical message
carried in neurons
fast-acting
short term effects

endocrine
chemical message
carried in blood
slow acting
long lasting effects

Question 3

how many sections does the NS have

Answer 3

2

Question 4

what does CNS stand for

Answer 4

central nervous system

Question 5

what does PNS stand for

Answer 5

peripheral nervous system

Question 6

what the CNS composed of

Answer 6

brain + spinal cord

Question 7

how does the PNS work

Answer 7

carries messages between CNS + body

Question 8

what is a neuron

Answer 8

a nerve cell

Question 9

what do neurons do

Answer 9

carry electrochemical messages between CNS + PNS

Question 10

what are the steps involved in responding to stimuli

Answer 10

Reception
transmission
integration
response

Question 11

reception

Answer 11

stimulus is detected by sense organs

Question 12

transmission

Answer 12

message passes alongs neurons to CNS

Question 13

integration

Answer 13

message is sorted + response is decided in CNS

Question 14

response

Answer 14

carried out by effector muscles stimulated by neurons

Question 15

what does a sensory neuron do?

Answer 15

carries messages from sense organ to the CNS

Question 16

what does a motor neuron do?

Answer 16

carries messages form the CNS to a muscle or gland

Question 17

what does an interneuron do?

Answer 17

carries messages between sensory and motor neurons

Question 18

function of cell body

Answer 18

contains nucleus and mitochondria
produces neurotransmitters

Question 19

function of nucleus

Answer 19

control centre

Question 20

function of dendrites

Answer 20

fibres that receive and carry impulse to the cell body

Question 21

function of axons

Answer 21

carry impulse away from cell body

Question 22

function of schwann cells

Answer 22

produce myelin sheath

Question 23

function of myelin sheath

Answer 23

insulates electrical impulse
speeds up impulse

Question 24

function of neurotransmitter swellings

Answer 24

release neurotransmitter to carry impulse across synapse

Question 25

impulse

Answer 25

electrochemical message carried in neurons

Question 26

movement of nerve impulse

Answer 26

inside of a neuron is positively charged and outside is negative. as the impulse passes through the axon, the charge changes and then changes back after the impulse has passed through

Question 27

resting neuron

Answer 27

neuron not carrying an impulse

Question 28

threshold

Answer 28

is the minimum stimulation required to send a message along a neuron

Question 29

the all or nothing law

Answer 29

states that is the threshold is reached an impulse is carried but if the threshold is not reached no impulse is carried

Question 30

refractory period

Answer 30

the short time length after an impulse passes through to allow the neuron to recover so that another impulse can pass through

Question 31

synapse

Answer 31

region between 2 neurons

Question 32

synaptic cleft

Answer 32

tiny gap between neurons give

Question 33

give an example of a neurotransmitter

Answer 33

dopamine

Question 34

neurotransmitter

Answer 34

a chemical that carries a nerve message across a synapse

Question 35

give a detailed account of how neurotransmitters work

Answer 35

neurotransmitter is released when the impulse arrives at the synapse the neurotransmitter travels across the synapse and combines with receptors impulse is generated in the next neuron enzymes break down neurotransmitters the products are reabsorbed

Question 36

protection of the brain

Answer 36

the skull 3 membranes- meninges with fluid in between called cerebrospinal fluid

Question 37

what does cerebrospinal fluid do

Answer 37

acts as a shock absorber

Question 38

function of cerebrum

Answer 38

controls voluntary muscles receives impulses from sense organs

Question 39

function ofcerebellum

Answer 39

controls muscular coordination and balance

Question 40

function of medulla oblongata

Answer 40

controls involuntary actions ie breathing ect

Question 41

function of thalamus

Answer 41

sends messages to different parts of the brain

Question 42

function of hypothalamus

Answer 42

controls internal environment of the body

Question 43

function of pituitary gland

Answer 43

part of the endocrine system

Question 44

name a nervous system disorder

Answer 44

Parkinson's disease

Question 45

cause of Parkinson's disease

Answer 45

body fails to produce dopamine

Question 46

treatment for Parkinson's disease

Answer 46

no cure symptoms can be alleviated by physiotherapy or drugs that mimic dopamine

Question 47

prevention of Parkinson's disease

Answer 47

no known preventative measures

Question 48

composition of the spinal cord

Answer 48

nerve tissue surrounded by vertabrae

Question 49

function of spinal cord

Answer 49

relays messages to/from the brain to the PNS and controls reflex actions

Question 50

where is the spinal cord located

Answer 50

neutral canal of the spine surrounded by meninges

Question 51

white matter

Answer 51

part of the CNS that contains axons only

Question 52

grey matter

Answer 52

part of the CNS that contains cell bodies and dendrites

Question 53

function of central canal

Answer 53

contains cerebrospinal fluid

Question 54

function of dorsal route

Answer 54

carries sensory neurons into spinal cord

Question 55

ventral route

Answer 55

carries motor neurons out of spinal cord to effector muscles

Question 56

reflex action

Answer 56

automatic involuntary response to a stimulus

Question 57

reflex arc

Answer 57

the nerve pathway of a reflex action

Question 58

mechanism of reflex arc

Answer 58

stimulus is detected by a receptor sensory neurons carry impulse to spinal cord through dorsal root in the spinal cord an impulse is carried to motor neuron via interneuron another neuron takes impulse to brain motor neuron carries impulse to effector muscle PROCESS IS NOT CONTROLLED BY BRAIN!!!

Question 59

benefit of reflexes

Answer 59

allows you to respond quickly to danger protecting the body