Drug and Alcohol Problems Flashcards
(91 cards)
defined as ‘any unwanted
effect of treatment from the medical use of drugs that
occurs at a usual therapeutic dose
adverse drug effect
______ are the most common and involve
augmented pharmacology; that is, they are caused by
unwanted, albeit predictable, effects of the drug
Type A reactions
Examples of Type A reaction
• _____ due to verapamil
• blurred vision and urinary outflow problems due
to ________
• hyperuricaemia due to______
constipation
tricyclic antidepressants
thiazide diuretics
Type A reactions are ______dependent
dose-
_____reactions are by definition bizarre. The
reactions are unpredictable from known properties of the drug
Type B
Examples of Type B
Examples include hepatotoxicity and blood
dyscrasias.
1 drug that causes side effects:
Antidepressants (number 1 cause): tricyclics,
MAOIs, SSRIs
_____ is the largest single, preventable
cause of death and disease in Australia.
Tobacco smoking
Signs of
major dependence are smoking within______
30 minutes of
waking and ≥ 20 cigarettes a day
What symptoms after stopping smoking?
The initial symptoms are restlessness, cravings,
hunger, irritability, poor concentration, headache
and frustration
Withdrawal
After about _____ days most of these effects subside but it takes about ____ for a smoker to feel relatively comfortable
with not smoking any more
10
three months
DSM criteria for nicotine withdrawal
1 Irritability, frustration or anger 2 Anxiety 3 Difficulty concentrating 4 Increased appetite 5 Restlessness 6 Depressed mood 7 Insomnia
______ which should
be used in conjunction with an educational support
program, has been proved to be effective and
is available as chewing gum, inhaler, oral spray,
lozenges, sublingual tablets or transdermal patches
(the preferred method).
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT),
Ideally the nicotine should
not be used longer than _____months.
3
NRT should be directed at smokers who are
_______ There is little evidence that drug
treatment will benefit individuals with low levels
of nicotine dependence who smoke fewer than
10 cigarettes a day
motivated to quit.
All forms of NRT are effective: a pooled analysis
of all NRT trials showed an absolute increase in
cessation at 1 year of ______compared to placebo
7%
How to use the Nicotine gum
Low dependence (less than 10 cigarettes per
day, not needing to smoke within 30 minutes
of waking):______
use non-pharmacological methods
rather than replacement
How to use the Nicotine gum
Moderate dependence (10–20 cigarettes per day, smoking within 30 minutes of waking): \_\_\_\_\_\_
2 mg,
chew 8–12 pieces daily
How to use the Nicotine gum
High dependence (>20 per day, waking at night to smoke or first thing after waking):\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
4 mg
initially, 6–10 pieces chewed daily changing to
2 mg after 4–8 weeks
Useful points in using Nicotine gum:
• Chew each piece slowly for about______
• Ensure all the nicotine is utilised.
• Chew at least 6 pieces per day, replacing at regular
intervals (not more than 1 piece per hour).
• Use for ______ weaning off before the end of
this period
30 minutes.
3 months,
This is available as 16-hour or 24-hour nicotine
patches in three different strengths. The patients
should stop smoking immediately on use
Transdermal nicotine
Useful points in using Transdermal nicotine
low to moderate dependence (10–20 cigarettes/
day): ______
14 mg/24 hour or 10 mg/16 hour patch,
daily; aim to cease within 12 weeks
Useful points in using Transdermal nicotine
high dependence (>20/day): ______
21 mg/24 hour or 15
mg/16 hour patch; change to 14 mg or 10 mg patch
after 4–6 weeks; aim to cease within 12 weeks
Useful points in using Transdermal nicotine
Rotate sites with a_____for reuse of a
specific site.
7-day gap
