CKD Flashcards
(52 cards)
Important causes of CKD are
1 2 3 4 5
diabetes mellitus (35%), glomerulonephritis (25%), hypertension (13%) polycystic kidney disease (8%), reflux nephropathy (8%) and
The commonest cause of ESKF in Australia is
_______
diabetes mellitus
The commonest cause of nephritis leading to
kidney failure in Australia is _____
IgA nephropathy.
T or F
Warmer climates, poorer living conditions and
certain genetic predispositions are associated with
a higher prevalence of kidney failure
T
Uraemic symptoms are non-specific and usually are
not recognised until the creatinine clearance is less
than ______
20% of normal
______ is characterised by the accumulation of
uraemic toxins and a deficiency of kidney
hormones that cause dysfunction of organs other
than kidneys
CKF
CKF
Age is an issue—we lose _____
1% of renal function
per year
is defined as a sudden (days to weeks) decrease in kidney function (azotaemia) with or without oliguria
Acute kidney failure (AKF
Classification of AKI
• prerenal (e.g. acute circulatory failure → kidney
hypoperfusion)
• postrenal (e.g. obstruction)
• kidney (intrinsic) (e.g. acute glomerulonephritis)
an estimated or measured glomerular filtration
rate (GFR) 1 <60 mL/min/1.73m 2 that is present
for ≥ 3 months with or without evidence of
kidney damage
Chronic kidney disease and failure
CKD can also be defined as
evidence of kidney damage with or without
decreased GFR that is present for ≥ 3 months as
evidenced by the following, irrespective of the
underlying cause:
1
2
3
4
— albuminuria
— haematuria after exclusion of urological
causes
— structural abnormalities (e.g. on kidney
imaging tests)
— pathological abnormalities (e.g. renal biopsy)
Chronic kidney (or renal) failure (CKF) is defined as
a severe reduction in nephron mass over an extended
period of time, resulting in_____
uraemia
Not modifiable risk factors for HPN
Age >60
Family history
Aboriginal or Torres Strait
Islander origin
Symptoms from CKF are
rare unless the creatinine clearance is less than ______
of normal and only become common when less than
______ of normal.
20%
10%
The common early presenting symptoms of CKD are
generally non-specific and referable to the GIT,
presumably due to the formation of _______in the
upper GIT.
ammonia
If a patient presents with symptoms and
has a________ appearance due to a
combination of anaemia and brownish pigmentation,
then CKF should be highly suspected
sallow ‘lemon’ tinge
In CKF
Urinalysis should test .
glucose, blood and protein
Proteinuria should be confirmed with a 24-hour
urine protein estimation or (preferably) an ______
albumin creatinine ratio (ACR).
Microalbuminuria
Men: ______
Women:______
- 5–25 mg/mmol
3. 5–35 mg/mmol
Macroalbuminuria
Men:_______
Women: _____
> 25 mg/mmol
> 35 mg/mmol
The traditional test in identifying and monitoring CKD
is the ________. The normal range is about
40–120 μ mol/L (0.04–0.12 mmol/L)
serum creatinine level
T or F,
creatinine is a reliable and insensitive
marker of CKD
F
unreliable
Although common in older people, an eGFR ______
is associated with increased risks of adverse clinical
outcomes, especially renal and cardiovascular
<60
eGFR = _______
140 – age
