Drug quiz 13 - Trauma Drugs Flashcards
Mannitol, Tetracaine, Nitrous Oxide, Solu-medrol, Fentanyl, Morphine (83 cards)
1
Q
fentanyl citrate trade name
A
sublimaze
2
Q
sublimaze generic
A
fentanyl citrate
3
Q
fentanyl drug class
A
narcotic analgesic
4
Q
fentanyl moa
A
opiate R-agonist causes analgesia
5
Q
fentanyl onset
A
immediate
6
Q
fentanyl peak
A
3-5 min IV
7
Q
fentanyl duration
A
30-60 min
8
Q
fentanyl half life
A
6-8 hrs
9
Q
fentanyl indications
A
severe pain and adjunct for RSI
10
Q
fentanyl contraindications
A
hemorrage/shock; hypersensitivity
11
Q
fentanyl SE
A
bradycardia, respiratory depression, apnea, chest wall rigidity
12
Q
fentanyl adult dose
A
1mcg/kg slow IV, max single dose of 100mcg, q10
13
Q
fentanyl pedi dose
A
1-2mcg/kg slow IV
14
Q
fentanyl precautions
A
caution with kidney and liver dysfunction, halve the dose for elder Pt’s and dose q5
15
Q
fentanyl interactions
A
additive effects with CNS depressants, not for Pt who used MAOI’s w/in last 14 days
16
Q
mannitol trade name
A
osmotrol
17
Q
osmotrol generic name
A
mannitol
18
Q
mannitol drug class
A
osmotic diuretic
19
Q
mannitol moa
A
osmotic diuretic that inhibits sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys and promotes fluid shift from intracellular to extracellular space
20
Q
mannitol onset
A
15 minutes
21
Q
mannitol peak
A
3-8 hrs
22
Q
mannitol duration
A
varies
23
Q
mannitol half life
A
100 minutes
24
Q
mannitol indications
A
cerebral edema, blood transfusion Rx’s
25
mannitol contraindications
acute pulmonary edema, severe pulmonary congestion, hypovolemia
26
mannitol SE
chills, HA, dizziness, lethargy, change in mental status, chest pain, N+V
27
mannitol adult dose
1.5-2g/kg IV slow bolus
28
mannitol pedi dose
0.25-0.5g/kg IV over 60 min
29
mannitol precautions
rapid administration can cause transient volume overload and CHF; diuresis can cause sodium depletion; crystallization begins as temperature approaches 45 degrees F, always use in-line filter
30
mannitol interactions
damages RBC's, do not give with whole blood or packed RBC's
31
methyprednisolone trade
solu-medrol
32
solu-medrol generic
methylprednisolone
33
solu-medrol moa
upregulates genes that inhibit inflammatory agents *an immunosuppressant*
34
solu-medrol onset
2-6 hrs
35
solu-medrol peak
4-8 days
36
solu-medrol duration
1-5 weeks
37
solu-medrol half-life
3.5 hrs
38
solu-medrol indications
severe anaphylaxis, hives; asthma, COPD; spinal cord injury
39
solu-medrol contraindications
none ems
40
solu-medrol SE
fluid retention, CHF, HTN, abdominal distention, vertigo, HA, nausea, malaise, hiccups
41
solu-medrol adult asthma/anaphylaxis dose
125-250mg IV
42
solu-medrol spinal cord injury
30mg/kg iv over 15 min, maintenance of 5.4mg/kg/hr for 24-48 hrs
43
solu-medrol pedi asthma/anaphylaxis dose
2mg/kg iv; max dose 80mg
44
solu-medrol precautions
one dose prehospitally; prolonged wound healing; suppression of adrenocortical steroids
45
solu-medrol interactions
lasix and thiazide diuretics increase K loss, decreased effect with phenytoin, phenobarbital, and rifampin due to increased metabolism of steroids
46
morphine sulfate drug class
narcotic analgesic
47
morphine MOA
opiate R agonist causes CNS depression, induces analgesia and sedation, decreases myocardial oxygen demand
48
morphine onset
immediate iv, 15-30 min im
49
morphine peak
20 min iv, 30-60 im
50
morphine duration
2-7 hrs
51
morphine half-life
1-7 hrs
52
morphine indications
severe pain; pulmonary edema
53
morphine contraindications
hypovolemia or hypotension; undiagnosed head injury; hypersensitivity to morphine, codeine, percodan; COPD/compromised respiratory status
54
morphine SE
N+V, abd cramps, blurred vision, constricted pupils, AMS, HA, respiratory depression
55
morphine adult dose
2-10mg initial then 2mg every few minutes until relief
56
morphine pedi dose
0.1mg/kg iv
57
morphine precautions
have narcan available in case of respiratory depression
58
morphine drug interactions
additive effects with antihistamines, antiemetics, sedatives, hypnotics, barbituates, alcohol
59
nitrous oxide trade name
nitronox, entonox
60
nitronox, entonox generic
nitrous oxide
61
nitrous oxide moa
NMDA receptor antagonist, creates dissociative anesthesia, euphoria, and analgesia
62
nitrous oxide onset
2-5 min
63
nitrous oxide peak
2-5 min
64
nitrous oxide duration
2-5 min
65
nitrous oxide half life
5 min
66
nitrous oxide indications
acute musculoskeletal pain; burns; ischemic chest pain; anxiety
67
nitrous oxide contraindications
AMS secondary to drugs, alcohol, head injury; inability to comprehend verbal instructions, Pt with COPD, abdominal pain/distention, or pneumothorax
68
nitrous oxide SE
dizziness, light-headedness, AMS, hallucinations, N+V
69
nitrous oxide adult dose
50/50 mixture oxygen and nitrous oxide self administered until relief or Pt drops the mask
70
nitrous oxide precautions
use in well ventilated areas; may be impossible to use in temperatures under 21 degrees
71
nitrous oxide interactions
may potentiate other CNS depressants
72
tetracaine drug class
topical anesthetic
73
tetracaine moa
Na+ channel blocker, decreases rate of nerve depolarization causing local anaesthetic effect
74
tetracaine onset
30 seconds
75
tetracaine peak
30 seconds
76
tetracaine duration
10-15 min
77
tetracaine half-life
n/a
78
tetracaine indications
burns to the eyes; to facilitate insertion of Morgan lens
79
tetracaine contraindications
hypersensitivity
80
tetracaine SE
stinging, ocular irritation, redness, delayed ocular wound healing
81
tetracaine adult dose
1-2 drops 0.5% solution q5-10min, max dose 6 drops per eye
82
tetracaine precautions
caution with hyperthyroidism; avoid prolonged use
83
tetracaine interactions
none
