Duo Flashcards
(146 cards)
1
Q
Courtyard
A
(N.)
An open space that is completely or partly surrounded by buildings
2
Q
Headquarter
A
(N.) (abbreviation HQ)
plural headquarters
The main building or offices used by a large company or organization
The place from which military operations are controlled
3
Q
Vicinity
A
(N.) (formal)
In the vicinity of something: in the area around a particular place
In the vicinity of £3 million/$1,500/2 billion years etc: close to a particular amount or measurement
4
Q
Capital
A
(N.)
An important city where the main government of a country, state etc is
Money or property, especially when it is used to start a business or to produce more wealth
A letter of the alphabet written in its large form, used for example at the beginning of someone’s name
➔ lower case, upper case
A place that is a centre for an industry, business, or other activity
Make capital from/out of something:to use a situation or event to help you get an advantage
(technical) the top part of a column =a long stone post used in some buildings
5
Q
Alter
A
(V.)
To change, or to make someone or something change
To make a piece of clothing longer, wider etc so that it fits
have/get something altered
6
Q
Pupil
A
(N.)
(BrE)
Someone who is being taught, especially a child
The small black round area in the middle of your eye
>iris
7
Q
Sugar Loaf Mountain
A
A mountain in Rio de Janeiro in southeast Brazil
8
Q
Reunion
A
(N.)
A social meeting of people who have not met for a long time, especially people who were at school or college together
When people are brought together again after a period of being separated
reunion with
9
Q
Residential
A
(Adj.)
A residential part of a town consists of private houses, with no offices or factories
>suburban
Relating to homes rather than offices or businesses➔ domestic
Residential course/school/etc (especially BrE)
If you are on a residential course, you are living in the institution where you are studying
10
Q
Tray
A
(N.)
A flat piece of plastic, metal, or wood, with raised edges, used for carrying things such as plates, food etc
A flat open container with three sides used for holding papers, documents etc on a desk
A flat open container with three sides used for holding papers, documents etc on a desk
in tray =for holding documents you still have to deal with
out tray =for holding documents you have dealt with
(especially BrE) A flat open container with four sides used for holding certain things
seed tray =a tray in which you plant seeds
11
Q
Stain
A
(N.)
A mark that is difficult to remove, especially one made by a liquid such as blood, coffee, or ink
stain on
remove/get rid of a stain
wine/coffee/blood etc stain
stubborn stains =ones that are very difficult to remove
12
Q
Ferry
A
(N.) (plural ferries)
A boat that carries people or goods across a river or a narrow area of water
13
Q
Afterwards
A
(Adv.) (also afterward)
After an event or time that has already been mentioned
days/weeks etc afterwards
14
Q
Traitor
A
(N.)
Someone who is not loyal to their country, friends, or beliefs
>treason
traitor to
15
Q
Asparagus
A
(N.)
Long thin green vegetable with a point at one end
16
Q
Yield
A
(V.)
To produce a result, answer, or piece of information
To produce crops, profits etc
high-yielding/low-yielding
Register
In everyday English, people usually say that something produces a result, a profit etc rather than yields it
Each cow produces almost 20 litres of milk a day
To allow yourself to be forced or persuaded to do something or stop having something
yield to
Register
In everyday English, people usually say someone gives in to pressures, demands etc rather than yields to them
I very much doubt the boss will give in to her demands
17
Q
Burglury
A
(N.) (plural burglaries)
The crime of getting into a building to steal things
18
Q
Prevail
A
(V.) (formal)
If a belief, custom, situation etc prevails, it exists among a group of people at a certain time
prevail in/among etc
If a person, idea, or principle prevails in a fight, argument etc, they are successful in the end
common sense prevails reason prevails =a sensible decision is made
prevail over against
19
Q
Stow
A
(V.)
To put or pack something tidily away in a space until you need it again
SYN stash
20
Q
Sphere
A
(N.)
A ball shape
A particular area of activity, work, knowledge etc
in the… sphere
public/private sphere
somebody’s/something’s sphere of influence:
A person’s, country’s, organization’s etc sphere of influence is the area where they have power to change things
21
Q
Inhabitant
A
(N.)
One of the people who live in a particular place
22
Q
Scam
A
(V.)
(informal) To deceive someone in order to get money from them
scammer noun
23
Q
Withstand
A
(V.)
(past tense and past participle withstood)
To be strong enough to remain unharmed by something such as great heat, cold, pressure etc
SYN resist,
stand up to
To defend yourself successfully against people who attack, criticize, or oppose you
SYN stand up to
24
Q
Emerald
A
(N.)
A valuable bright green stone that is often used in jewellery
A bright green colour
emerald adjective
25
Punctual
(Adj.) (formal)
```
Arriving, happening, or being done at exactly the time that has been arranged
SYN on time
punctually adverb
punctuality noun
```
26
Hump day
(N.)
(inf) Wednesday, regarded as the midpoint of a typical working week.
27
Genuine
(Adj.)
A genuine feeling, desire etc is one that you really feel, not one you pretend to feel
SYN sincere
genuine interest/concern/desire etc
Something genuine really is what it seems to be
SYN real
```
Someone who is genuine is honest and friendly and you feel you can trust them
OPP false
genuinely adv
genuineness noun
```
28
Tremble
(V.)
To shake slightly in a way that you cannot control, especially because you are upset or frightened
tremble with anger/fear etc
To shake slightly
If your voice trembles, it sounds nervous and unsteady
To be worried or frightened about something
tremble noun
29
Chase
(N.)
The act of following someone or something quickly in order to catch them
When you use a lot of time and effort trying to get something
chase after
30
Creek
(N.)
(AmE) (AusE)
a small narrow stream or river
(BrE)
a long narrow area of water that flows from the sea into the land
be up the creek (without a paddle) also be up shit creek (without a paddle) (not polite) (spoken): to be in a very difficult situation
31
Fauna
(N.)
(technical) All the animals living in a particular area or period in history
>flora
32
Meadow
(N.)
A field with wild grass and flowers
33
Amber
(N.)
A yellowish brown colour
A hard yellowish brown substance used to make jewellery
amber adjective
34
Hence
(Adv.)
(formal) For this reason
ten days hence/five months hence etc:
ten days from now, five months from now etc
35
Craft
(N.)
(plural crafts)
A job or activity in which you make things with your hands, and that you usually need skill to do
handicraft
(plural craft)
a) a small boat
b) an aircraft or spacecraft
(formal) The skills needed for a particular profession
Skill in deceiving people
36
Manufacturer
(N.)
| also manufacturers plural
A company that makes large quantities of goods
37
Tailor
(N.)
Someone whose job is to make men's clothes, that are measured to fit each customer perfectly
>dressmaker
38
Mayor
(N.)
The person who has been elected to lead the government of a town or city
Someone who is chosen or elected each year in Britain to represent a town or city at official public ceremonies
mayoral adjective
39
Priest
(N.)
Someone who is specially trained to perform religious duties and ceremonies in the Christian church
A man with religious duties and responsibilities in some non-Christian religions
40
Relieved
(Adj.)
```
Feeling happy because you are no longer worried about something
>relief
greatly/immensely/extremely etc relieved
relieved to see/hear/know something
relieved (that)
```
41
Dungeon
(N.)
A dark underground prison, especially under a castle, that was used in the past
42
Gem
(N.) (also gem stone)
```
A beautiful stone that has been cut into a special shape
SYN jewel
Something that is very special or beautiful
gem of
A very helpful or special person
```
43
Wager
(N.)
(old-fashioned)
An agreement in which you win or lose money according to the result of something such as a race
SYN bet
44
Rebel
(N.)
Someone who opposes or fights against people in authority
Anti-government rebels attacked the town.
rebel forces/soldiers
Someone who refuses to do things in the normal way, or in the way that other people want them to
Alex has always been a bit of a rebel
45
Flee
(V.)
(written)
(past tense and past participle fled)
To leave somewhere very quickly, in order to escape from danger
His attackers turned and fled.
flee to/from/into
Many German artists fled to America at the beginning of World War II
46
Voucher
(N.)
A ticket that can be used instead of money for a particular purpose
The voucher can be used at most major supermarkets.
An official statement or receipt that is given to someone to prove that their accounts are correct or that money has been paid
47
Blueprint
(N.)
A plan for achieving something
blueprint for
a blueprint for health-care reform
A photographic print of a plan for a building, machine etc on special blue paper
blueprint for
a blueprint for the new shopping mall
(technical) A pattern that all living cells contain, which decides how a person, animal, or plant develops and what it looks like
By changing the tomato's genetic blueprint, scientists can alter the rate at which it ripens
48
Mannequin
(N.)
A model of the human body, used for showing clothes in shop windows
(old-fashioned) A woman whose job is to wear fashionable clothes and show them to people
SYN model
49
Vacant
(Adj.)
A vacant seat, building, room, or piece of land is empty and available for someone to use
Only a few apartments were still vacant.
Register
In everyday English, people usually say that a seat or room is free rather than vacant
Is this seat free
```
(formal) A job or position in an organization that is vacant is available for someone to start doing
fall vacant (BrE) =become vacant
He was offered the position of headmaster when it fell vacant.
situations vacant (BrE) =the part of a newspaper where jobs are advertised
```
Vacant expression/look/stare etc (written):
an expression that shows that someone does not seem to be thinking about anything
He gazed at me with vacant eyes.
vacantly adv
Cindy was staring vacantly into space
50
Flesh
(N.)
The soft part of the body of a person or animal that is between the skin and the bones
a freshwater fish with firm white flesh
The skin of the human body
His flesh was red and covered in sores.
The soft part of a fruit or vegetable that can be eaten
Cut the melon in half and scoop out the flesh
51
Ivory
(N.)
The hard smooth yellowish-white substance from the tusks (=long teeth) of an elephant
an ivory chess set
A yellowish-white colour
an ivory silk wedding gown
Something made of ivory, especially a small figure of a person or animal
a collection of ivories
52
Trace
(V.)
To find someone or something that has disappeared by searching for them carefully
She had given up all hope of tracing her missing daughter.
To find the origins of when something began or where it came from
trace something (back) to something
The style of these paintings can be traced back to early medieval influences.
To study or describe the history, development, or progress of something
Sondheim's book traces the changing nature of the relationship between men and women.
To copy a drawing, map etc by putting a piece of transparent paper over it and then drawing the lines you can see through the paper
To draw real or imaginary lines on the surface of something, usually with your finger or toe
trace something on in across
Rosie's fingers traced a delicate pattern in the sand.
To find out where a telephone call is coming from by using special electronic equipment
His call was traced and half an hour later police arrested him.
traceable adjective
53
Poacher
(N.)
Someone who illegally catches or shoots animals, birds, or fish, especially on private land without permission
poacher turned gamekeeper (BrE):
someone who used to do illegal things or have a bad attitude to authority, and who has now changed completely – used especially of someone who is now in a position of authority
(BrE)
a pan with small containers shaped like cups used for poaching eggs
54
Realm
(N.)
(written)A general area of knowledge, activity, or thought
realm of
an idea that belongs in the realm of science fiction
Within the realms of possibility (also not beyond the realm(s) of possibility): used, often humorously, to say that something is possible even though you think it is not very likely
I suppose it's not beyond the realms of possibility.
(literary) A country ruled by a king or queen
55
Fortress
(N.)
A large strong building used for defending an important place
56
Marque
(N.)
(BrE) The well-known name of a type of car or other product, especially an expensive one
the prestigious Ferrari marque
57
Route
(N.)
```
A way from one place to another
•route to/from
What's the best route to Cambridge
•take/follow a route =use a route
We weren't sure about which route we should take.
```
A way between two places that buses, planes, ships etc regularly travel
•bus/air/shipping etc route
Is your office on a bus route
•cycle route =a way between two places that only people on bicycles can use
A way of doing something or achieving a particular result
route to
Kennedy arrived at the same conclusion by a different route.
Route 66/54 etc:used to show the number of a main road in the US
58
Quench
(V.) (formal)
Quench your thirst:To stop yourself feeling thirsty, by drinking something
We stopped at a small bar to quench our thirst.
Quench a fire flames:To stop a fire from burning
a desperate bid to quench the raging flames
59
Dealer
(N.)
Someone who buys and sells a particular product, especially an expensive one
•car/antique/art etc dealer
•dealer in
a dealer in modern art
Someone who sells illegal drugs
Someone who gives out playing cards in a game
60
Float
(V.)
Stay or move on the surface of a liquid without sinking
I wasn't sure if the raft would float.
•float along/down/past etc
A couple of broken branches floated past us.
To put something on the surface of a liquid so that it does not sink
The logs are trimmed and then floated down the river.
If something floats, it moves slowly through the air or stays up in the air
I looked up at the clouds floating in the sky.
If sounds or smells float somewhere, people in another place can hear or smell them
The sound of her voice came floating down from an upstairs window.
To walk in a slow light graceful way
SYN glide
Rachel floated around the bedroom in a lace nightgown
61
Wool
(N.)
The soft thick hair that sheep and some goats have on their body
Material made from wool
a pure wool skirt
a mix of 80% wool and 20% man-made fibres
Thread made from wool that you use to knit clothes
SYN yarn (AmE)
a ball of wool
62
Cotton
(N.)
Cloth or thread made from the white hair of the cotton plant
a white cotton shirt
Made from 100% cotton.
A plant with white hairs on its seeds that are used for making cotton cloth and thread
Thread used for sewing
a needle and cotton
a cotton reel =small round tube which cotton thread is wound around
63
Beetle
(N.)
An insect with a round hard back that is usually black
64
Dissect
(V.)
To cut up the body of a dead animal or person in order to study it
To examine something carefully in order to understand it:
books in which the lives of famous people are dissected
To divide an area of land into several smaller pieces:
fields dissected by small streams
dissection noun
65
Pucker
| also Pucker Up
(V.)
If part of your face puckers, or if you pucker it, it becomes tight or stretched, for example because you are going to cry or kiss someone:
Her mouth puckered, and she started to cry.
If cloth puckers, it gets lines or folds in it and is no longer flat
pucker noun
puckered adjective
66
ATM
(N.)
automated teller machine
A machine outside a bank that you use to get money from your account
SYN cashpoint
67
Pinch
(V.)
To press a part of someone’s skin very tightly between your finger and thumb, especially so that it hurts:
We have to stop her pinching her baby brother.
(BrE) (informal)
To steal something, especially something small or not very valuable:
Someone’s pinched my coat!
To press something between your finger and thumb:
Pinch the edges of the pastry together to seal it.
If something you are wearing pinches you, it presses painfully on part of your body, because it is too tight:
Her new shoes were pinching.
Somebody has to pinch themselves
used when a situation is so surprising that the person involved needs to make sure that they are not imagining it:
Sometimes she had to pinch herself to make sure it was not all a dream
68
Prescription
(N.)
A piece of paper on which a doctor writes what medicine a sick person should have, so that they can get it from a pharmacist
➔ prescribe:
prescription for
a prescription for sleeping pills
We are trying to cut the price of prescription drugs.
a repeat prescription (=one that you have regularly)
fill a prescriptionAmE (=get the drugs a doctor has written that you need)
I got the prescription filled on the way home.
A particular medicine or treatment ordered by a doctor for a sick person:
If you’re pregnant, you can get free prescriptions.
```
on prescription (BrE),by prescription (AmE)
A drug that you get on prescription can only be obtained with a written order from the doctor
➔ over the counter
```
An idea or suggestion about how you should behave, or how to make a situation, activity etc successful:
prescription for
The party’s main prescription for educational problems was to give schools more money.
69
Merchant
(N.)
wine/ coal/ timber etc merchant:
someone whose job is to buy and sell wine, coal etc, or a small company that does this:
He had a job with an Edinburgh wine merchant.
(old-fashioned)
Someone who buys and sells goods in large quantities:
the son of a wealthy merchant
con merchant/ speed merchant etc (BrE) (informal)
someone who is involved in a particular activity, such as tricking people or driving very fast
70
Umlaut
(N.)
The mark placed over a vowel in some languages to show how it should be pronounced, as over the u in the German word für
71
Household
(N.)
All the people living together in a house or flat/apartment
Most households now own at least one car.
low-income/one-parent, etc. households
the head of the household
72
Appliance
(N.)
A machine that is designed to do a particular thing in the home, such as preparing food, heating or cleaning
electrical/household appliances
They sell a wide range of domestic appliances—washing machines, dishwashers and so on.
modern heating appliances of all types
73
Content
(Adj.)
Happiness
Content (with something) happy and satisfied with what you have
Not content with stealing my boyfriend (= not thinking that this was enough), she has turned all my friends against me.
He seemed more content, less bitter.
He had to be content with third place.
Content to do something: willing to do something
I was content to wait.
74
Self-evident
(Adj.)
Obvious and needing no further proof or explanation
The dangers of such action are self-evident.
a self-evident truth
These ideas were by no means self-evident when they were first suggested.
75
Meantime
(Adv.)
(informal) = meanwhile
I'll contact them soon. Meantime don't tell them I'm back.
ضمناً
76
Authentic
(Adj.)
Known to be real and genuine and not a copy
I don't know if the painting is authentic.
•opposite inauthentic
True and accurate
an authentic account of life in the desert
the authentic voice of young black Americans
•opposite inauthentic
Made to be exactly the same as the original
an authentic model of the ancient town
Take a trip on an authentic Spanish galleon to the famous Papagayo beach.
77
Eerie
(Adj.)
strange, mysterious and frightening
synonym uncanny
an eerie yellow light
I found the silence underwater really eerie.
78
Hut
(N.)
A small, simply built house or shelter
a beach hut
a wooden hut
79
Totem
(N.)
An animal or other natural object that is chosen and respected as a special symbol of a community or family, especially among Native Americans; an image of this animal, etc.
80
Piranha
(N.)
A small S American freshwater fish that attacks and eats live animals
81
Redeem
(V.)
redeem somebody/something: to make somebody/something seem less bad synonym compensate
The excellent acting wasn't enough to redeem a weak plot.
The only redeeming feature of the job (= good thing about it) is the salary.
She seems to have no redeeming qualities (= good aspects of her character) at all.
In an attempt to redeem the situation, Jed offered to help sell tickets.
redeem yourself: to do something to improve the opinion that people have of you, especially after you have done something bad
He has a chance to redeem himself after last week's mistakes.
redeem somebody (in Christianity): to save somebody from the power of evil
Jesus Christ came to redeem us from sin.
He was a sinner, redeemed by the grace of God.
redeem something: to pay the full sum of money that you owe somebody; to pay a debt
to redeem a loan/mortgage
redeem something: to exchange something such as shares or vouchers for money or goods
This voucher can be redeemed at any of our branches.
redeem something: to get back a valuable object from somebody by paying them back the money you borrowed from them in exchange for the object
He was able to redeem his watch from the pawnshop.
redeem a pledge/promise (formal): to do what you have promised that you will do
82
Poncho
(N.)
A garment made of, or like, a blanket, with a hole for the head.
83
Toucan
(N.)
A tropical American bird that is black with some areas of very bright feathers, and that has a very large beak
84
Sombrero
(N.)
(pl. sombreros)
A Mexican hat for men that is tall with a very wide brim, turned up at the edges
85
Boar
(N.)
(pl. boar, boars)
Wild mammals
(also wild boar) a wild pig
A male pig that has not been castrated compare hog, sow
86
Bungalow
(N.)
(British English) A house built all on one level, without stairs
He retired at 70 and moved to a bungalow in Rosecroft Gardens.
compare ranch house
(in some Asian countries) A large house, sometimes on more than one level, that is not joined to another house on either side
87
Amphora
(N.)
A tall ancient Greek or Roman container with two handles and a narrow neck
88
Sloth
(N.)
[countable] An animal that lives in trees in tropical parts of America and moves very slowly
[uncountable] (formal) The bad habit of being lazy and unwilling to work
89
Hyena
(N.)
A wild animal like a dog, that eats the meat of animals that are already dead and has a cry like a human laugh. Hyenas live in Africa and Asia
90
Antelope
(N.)
An African or Asian animal like a deer, that runs very fast. There are many types of antelope.
91
Sphinx
(N.)
(also the Sphinx)
An ancient Egyptian stone statue of a creature with a human head and the body of a lion lying down. In ancient Greek stories the Sphinx spoke in riddles.
92
Anaconda
(N.)
A large S American snake of the boa family, that crushes other animals to death before eating them
93
Pope
(N.)
The leader of the Roman Catholic Church, who is also the Bishop of Rome
the election of a new pope
Pope Francis
a visit from the Pope
94
Knight
(N.)
(in the Middle Ages) A man of high social rank who had a duty to fight for his king. Knights are often shown in pictures riding horses and wearing armour.
tales of medieval knights errant, wandering in search of chivalrous adventures
(in Britain) A man who has been given a special honour by the king or queen and has the title Sir before his name
compare baronet
A piece used in the game of chess that is shaped like a horse’s head
95
Coliseum
(N.)
A large building used for sports events, entertainment, exhibitions, etc.
With a seasonal schedule, the State Fair uses the coliseum all year round.
The Hornets attracted an average of 23 000 fans at Charlotte Coliseum.
96
Triumphal
(Adj.)
Done or made in order to celebrate a great success or victory
a triumphal parade
a Roman triumphal arch
97
Leprechaun
(N.)
(in Irish stories) a creature like a little man, with magic powers
98
Gondolier
(N.)
A person whose job is to move and steer a gondola in Venice
99
Croissant
(N.)
A small sweet roll with a curved shape, eaten especially at breakfast
100
Lumberjack
(N.)
(especially in the US and Canada) A person whose job is cutting down trees or cutting or transporting wood
101
Barn
(N.)
A large farm building for storing grain or keeping animals in
a hay barn
They live in a converted barn (= a barn that has been turned into a house).
A large plain ugly building
They live in a great barn of a house.
(North American English) a building in which buses, trucks, etc. are kept when not being used
102
Coyote
(N.)
(also prairie wolf)
A N American wild animal of the dog family
103
Lighthouse
(N.)
A tower or other building that contains a strong light to warn and guide ships near the coast
104
Peasant
(N.)
(especially in the past, or in poorer countries) A farmer who owns or rents a small piece of land
peasant farmers
a peasant family
peasant revolts
(informal, disapproving) A person who is rude, behaves badly, or has little education
synonym lout
105
Tomahawk
(N.)
A light axe used by Native Americans
106
Froster
(N.)
A person who works in a forest, taking care of the trees, planting new ones, etc.
107
Papaya
(N.)
A tropical fruit with yellow and green skin, sweet orange or red flesh and round black seeds
108
Axe
(N.)
A tool with a wooden handle and a heavy metal blade, used for chopping wood, cutting down trees, etc.
The axe [singular] (informal) (often used in newspapers): if somebody gets the axe, they lose their job; if an institution or a project gets the axe, it is closed or stopped, usually because of a lack of money
Up to 300 workers are facing the axe at a struggling Merseyside firm.
Patients are delighted their local hospital has been saved from the axe.
Protesters, anxious over the spending cuts, urged councillors to think again before wielding the axe.
109
Testify
(V.)
To make a statement that something happened or that something is true, especially as a witness in court
•testify (against/for somebody)
She refused to testify against her husband.
There are several witnesses who will testify for the defence.
•testify about something
He was summoned to testify before a grand jury about his role in the affair.
•testify to something/to doing something
Evans testified to receiving $200 000 in bribes.
•testify (that)… He testified (that) he was at the theatre at the time of the murder.
+ speech ‘I was approached by a man I did not recognize,’ she testified.
Testify (that)… (formal): to say that you believe something is true because you have evidence of it
Too many young people are unable to write or spell well, as employers will testify.
110
Assortment
(N.)
A collection of different things or of different types of the same thing
synonym mixture
a wide assortment of gifts to choose from
He was dressed in an odd assortment of clothes.
an assortment of plates of varying sizes
111
Currency
(N.)
The system of money that a country uses
trading in foreign currencies
a single European currency
You'll need some cash in local currency but you can also use your credit card.
The fact that something is used or accepted by a lot of people
The term ‘post-industrial’ now has wide currency.
The qualification has gained currency all over the world.
112
Log
(N.)
A thick piece of wood that is cut from or has fallen from a tree
logs for the fire
(also logbook) An official record of events during a particular period of time, especially a journey on a ship or plane
The captain keeps a log.
113
Crab
(N.)
A sea creature with a hard shell, eight legs and two pincers (= curved and pointed arms for catching and holding things). Crabs move sideways on land.
Meat from a crab, used for food
dressed crab
Crabs (informal) the condition caused by having lice (called crab lice) in the hair around the genitals
114
Civil servant
(N.)
A person who works in the civil service
He’s a 35-year-old civil servant with two young children
مستخدم کشوری، دولتی
115
Eerily
(Adv.)
In a strange, mysterious and frightening way
The streets are eerily quiet here at nigh
به طور ترسناک
116
Impression
(N.)
idea/opinion:
An idea, a feeling or an opinion that you get about somebody/something, or that somebody/something gives you
a general/an overall impression
an initial/a lasting impression
to get a good/bad impression of somebody/something
My first impression of him was favourable.
She gives the impression of being very busy.
effect:
The effect that an experience or a person has on somebody/something
His trip to India made a strong impression on him.
drawing:
A drawing showing what a person looks like or what a place or a building will look like in the future
This is an artist's impression of the new stadium.
amusing copy of somebody:
Impression (of somebody): an amusing copy of the way a person acts or speaks
synonym impersonation
He did an impression of Tom Hanks.
false appearance:
An appearance that may be false
Clever lighting creates an impression of space in a room.
mark:
A mark that is left when an object is pressed hard into a surface
The dentist made an impression of his teeth.
book:
All the copies of a book that are printed at one time, with few or no changes to the contents since the last time the book was printed
117
Committee
(N.)
A group of people who are chosen, usually by a larger group, to make decisions or to deal with a particular subject
She's on the management committee.
The committee has/have decided to close the restaurant.
a committee member/a member of the committee
a committee meeting
The player was fined by the disciplinary committee.
118
Agriculture
(N.)
The science or practice of farming
The number of people employed in agriculture has fallen in the last decade.
50% of the country’s population depends on agriculture.
119
Climate
(N.)
The regular pattern of weather conditions of a particular place
a mild/temperate/warm/wet climate
the harsh climate of the Arctic regions
An area with particular weather conditions
They wanted to move to a warmer climate.
A general attitude or feeling; an atmosphere or a situation which exists in a particular place
the present political climate
the current climate of opinion (= what people generally are thinking about a particular issue)
a climate of suspicion/violence
We need to create a climate in which business can prosper.
120
Apprenticeship
(N.)
A period of time working as an apprentice; a job as an apprentice
She was in the second year of her apprenticeship as a carpenter.
He had served his apprenticeship as a plumber.
Apprenticeships were becoming more difficult to find.
121
Upbringing
(N.)
The way in which a child is cared for and taught how to behave while it is growing up
to have had a sheltered upbringing
He was a Catholic by upbringing.
122
Hunch
(N.)
A feeling that something is true even though you do not have any evidence to prove it
It seemed that the doctor's hunch had been right.
My hunch is that the burglars are still in the area.
I had a hunch (that) you’d be back.
to follow/back your hunches
123
Grill
(V.)
Grill something (BrE): To cook food under or over a very strong heat
Grill the sausages for ten minutes.
grilled bacon
```
Grill something (AmE): To cook food over a fire, especially outdoors
grilled meat and shrimp
```
Grill somebody (about something): To ask somebody a lot of questions about their ideas, actions, etc., often in an unpleasant way
They grilled her about where she had been all night.
He was grilled by detectives for several hours.
124
City hall
(N.)
The local government of a city and the offices it uses
Protesters marched to City Hall.
شهردارى
125
Expertise
(N.)
Expert knowledge or skill in a particular subject, activity or job
professional/scientific/technical, etc. expertise
We have the expertise to help you run your business.
It is difficult to find staff with the level of expertise required for this job.
•expertise in something/in doing something
They have considerable expertise in dealing with oil spills.
126
Commitment
(N.)
A promise to do something or to behave in a particular way; a promise to support somebody/something; the fact of committing yourself
•commitment (to somebody/something)
She doesn't want to make a big emotional commitment to Steve at the moment.
the government’s commitment to public services
•commitment to do/doing something
The company's commitment to providing quality at a reasonable price has been vital to its success.
Commitment (to somebody/something): The willingness to work hard and give your energy and time to a job or an activity
A career as an actor requires one hundred per cent commitment.
A thing that you have promised or agreed to do, or that you have to do
He's busy for the next month with filming commitments.
Women very often have to juggle work with their family commitments.
Commitment (of something) (to something): Agreeing to use money, time or people in order to achieve something
the commitment of resources to education
Achieving success at this level requires a commitment of time and energy.
127
Allegation
(N.)
A public statement that is made without giving proof, accusing somebody of doing something that is wrong or illegal
Syn: accusation
to investigate/deny/withdraw an allegation
•allegation of something
Several newspapers made allegations of corruption in the city's police department.
•allegation (of something) against somebody
allegations of dishonesty against him
•allegation about somebody/something
The committee has made serious allegations about interference in its work.
•allegation that…
an allegation that he had been dishonest
128
Bribery
(N.)
The giving or taking of bribes
She was arrested on bribery charges.
allegations of bribery and corruption
129
Corruption
(N.)
Dishonest or illegal behaviour, especially of people in authority
allegations of bribery and corruption
The new district attorney has promised to fight police corruption.
The act or effect of making somebody change from moral to immoral standards of behaviour
He claimed that sex and violence on TV led to the corruption of young people.
The form of a word or phrase that has become changed from its original form in some way
The word ‘holiday’ is a corruption of ‘holy day’.
130
Proximity
(N.)
Proximity (of somebody/something) (to somebody/something) (formal): The state of being near somebody/something in distance or time
a house in the proximity of (= near) the motorway
The proximity of the college to London makes it very popular.
The area has a number of schools in close proximity to each other.
the death of two members of her family in close proximity
The site is in close proximity to an airport.
131
Collaboration
(N.)
The act of working with another person or group of people to create or produce something
It was a collaboration that produced extremely useful results.
The new plane was a triumph of European industrial and technical collaboration.
•collaboration (with somebody) (on something)
She wrote the book in collaboration with one of her students.
The government worked in close collaboration with teachers on the new curriculum.
•collaboration (between A and B)
collaboration between the teachers and the government
A piece of work produced by two or more people or groups of people working together
(disapproving) The act of helping the enemy during a war when they have taken control of your country
132
Handling
(N.)
The way that somebody deals with or treats a situation, a person, an animal, etc.
I was impressed by his handling of the affair.
This horse needs firm handling.
Why is he being so polite, as if I need tactful handling?
The action of organizing or controlling something
data handling on computer
The action of touching, feeling or holding something with your hands
toys that can stand up to rough handling
In the manufacturing industries heavy materials handling is often done by robots.
The cost of dealing with an order, delivering goods, booking tickets, etc.
a small handling charge
The way in which a vehicle can be controlled by the driver
a car designed for easy handling
(BrE also carriage) (formal) the Act or cost of transporting goods from one place to another
133
Governor
(N.)
(also Governor) A person who is the official head of a country or region that is governed by another country
the former governor of the colony
a provincial governor
```
(also Governor) A person who is chosen to be in charge of the government of a state in the US
the governor of Arizona
the Arizona governor
Governor Bev Perdue
فرماندار
```
(especially BrE) A member of a group of people who are responsible for controlling an institution such as a school, a college or a hospital
a school governor
the board of governors of the college
(BrE) A person who is in charge of an institution
a prison governor
the governor of the Bank of England
(informal) I can't decide. I'll have to ask the governor (= the man in charge, who employs somebody).
134
Diverse
(Adj.)
Very different from each other and of various kinds
people from diverse cultures
My interests are very diverse.
135
Cairo
(N.)
Capital city of Egypt
قاهره
136
Assume
(V.)
To think or accept that something is true but without having proof of it
•assume (that)…
It is reasonable to assume (that) the economy will continue to improve.
Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds.
She would, he assumed, be home at the usual time.
•it is assumed (that)…
It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work.
•assume something
Don't always assume the worst (= that something bad has happened).
In this example we have assumed a unit price of $10.
•assume somebody/something to be/have something
I had assumed him to be a Belgian.
Assume something (formal): To take or begin to have power or responsibility
Rebel forces have assumed control of the capital.
The court assumed responsibility for the girl's welfare.
Assume something (formal): To begin to have a particular quality or appearance
Synonym: take something on
This matter has assumed considerable importance.
In the story the god assumes the form of an eagle.
Assume something (formal): To pretend to have a particular feeling or quality
Syn: put on
He assumed an air of concern.
137
Faucet
(N.)
(AmE)
(especially BrE tap)
A device that controls the flow of water from a pipe
the hot/cold faucet
to turn a faucet on/off
138
Tulip
(N.)
A large, brightly coloured spring flower, shaped like a cup, on a tall stem
لاله
139
Strive
(V.)
To try very hard to achieve something
•strive (for something)
We encourage all members to strive for the highest standards.
•strive (against something)
striving against corruption
•strive to do something
Newspaper editors all strive to be first with a story.
She strove to find a solution that was acceptable to all.
140
Frisk
(V.)
Frisk somebody: To pass your hands over somebody’s body to search them for hidden weapons, drugs, etc.
Frisk (around) (of animals): To run and jump in a lively and happy way
Syn: gambol, skip
Lambs frisked in the fields.
141
Inquire (AmE)
| Enquir (BrE)
(V.)
(rather formal) To ask somebody for some information
•enquire (about somebody/something)
I called the station to enquire about train times.
•enquire (as to somebody/something)
She enquired as to your whereabouts.
•enquire why, where, etc…
Might I enquire why you have not mentioned this until now?
•enquire something
He enquired her name.
+ speech
‘What is your name?’ he enquired.
(In British English people sometimes distinguish between enquire and inquire, using enquire for the general meaning of ‘ask for information’ and inquire for the more particular meaning of ‘officially investigate’I called to enquire about train times.A committee will inquire into the allegations. However, you can use either spelling in either meaning. In American English inquire is usually used in both meanings.)
142
Homemaker
(N.)
(AmE.)
A person who works at home and takes care of the house and family
143
Invoice
(N.)
A list of goods that have been sold, work that has been done, etc., showing what you must pay Syn bill
to send/issue/settle an invoice for the goods
an invoice for £250
144
Patisserie
(N.)
(from French)
A shop/store that sells cakes, etc.
(also patisseries [plural]) (formal) Cakes
145
Draft
(N.)
A rough written version of something that is not yet in its final form
I've made a rough draft of the letter.
This is only the first draft of my speech.
the final draft (= the final version)
The legislation is still in draft form.
a draft constitution/treaty/agreement
(finance) A written order to a bank to pay money to somebody
Payment must be made by bank draft drawn on a UK bank.
The draft [singular] (especially AmE) = conscription
```
(AmE) A system in which professional teams in some sports choose players each year from among college students
He was the fourth player chosen in the 2007 draft, but the first of his class to reach the major leagues.
```
(AmE) = draught
Can you shut the door? There's a draft in here.
146
Broth
(N.)
Thick soup made by boiling meat or fish and vegetables in water
chicken broth
too many cooks spoil the broth:
(saying) if too many people are involved in doing something, it will not be done well
