Extra Flashcards
(231 cards)
1
Q
Porch
A
(N.)
(BrE) An entrance covered by a roof outside the front door of a house or church
(AmE) A structure built onto the front or back entrance of a house, with a floor and a roof but no walls
2
Q
Bougie
A
(N.)
A thin, flexible surgical instrument for exploring or dilating a passage of the body
3
Q
Anchovy
A
(N.)
An anchovy is a small, common forage fish of the family Engraulidae. Most species are found in marine waters, but several will enter brackish water, and some in South America are restricted to fresh water.
Anchovy pizza
4
Q
Swing
A
(N.)
A seat hanging from ropes or chains, usually used by children to play on by moving it forwards and backwards using their legs
A curved movement made with your arm, leg etc
A noticeable change in opinions or emotions
swing to/towards/between etc
5
Q
Hereditary
A
(Adj.)
A quality or illness that is hereditary is passed from a parent to a child before the child is born
>genetic
(BrE) A hereditary position, rank, or title can be passed from an older to a younger person in the same family, usually when the older one dies
➔ inherit
6
Q
Hatred
A
(N.)
Angry feeling of extreme dislike for someone or something OPP love hatred of/for/towards passionate/intense/deep etc hatred
7
Q
Dozen
A
Number
plural dozen or dozens
written abbreviation doz.
twelve
two/three/four etc dozen =24, 36, 48 etc
dozens of people/companies/cars etc =but not hundreds or thosands
(informal) a lot of
a dozen
dozens of something
8
Q
Refuel
A
(V.)
refuelled, refuelling (BrE), refueled, refueling (AmE)
To fill a plane or vehicle with fuel before continuing a journey
To make feelings, emotions, or ideas stronger
9
Q
Insult
A
(N.)
A remark or action that is offensive or deliberately rude
Be an insult to somebody’s intelligence
to offend someone by being too simple or stupid
10
Q
Anecdote
A
(N.)
A short story based on your personal experience
11
Q
Align
A
(V.)
To publicly support a political group, country, or person that you agree with
align yourself with somebody/something
Arrange things so that they form a line or are parallel to each other, or to be in a position that forms a line etc
Organize or change something so that it has the right relationship to something else
align with
12
Q
Intention
A
(N.)
A plan or desire to do something
intend
have no/every intention of doing something
intention to do something
good intentions/the best (of) intentions =intentions to do something good or kind, especially when you do not succeed in doing it
⚠ Do not say that someone has no intention to do something. Say that someone has no intention of doing something
13
Q
Boujee
A
Boujee is hip-hop slang for something “luxurious in lifestyle yet humble in character,”
14
Q
Ticked off
A
(Adj.)
(AmE) angry or annoyed
Mark’s ticked off with me for some reason.
15
Q
Out of it
A
(informal)
a)Slightly unhappy because you feel different from the rest of a group of people and cannot share their fun, conversation etc
I felt a bit out of it because I was the only one who couldn’t speak French.
b)Unable to think clearly because you are tired or drunk, or have taken drugs
You were really out of it last night. What were you drinking
16
Q
Get out of my face
A
(spoken) (informal)
Used to tell someone in an impolite way to go away because they are annoying you
17
Q
Chill out
A
(informal)
To relax completely instead of feeling angry, tired, or nervous
Hold it Just chill for a second, won’t you
I spent the afternoon chilling out in front of the TV
18
Q
What’s eating somebody
A
(spoken)
Used to ask why someone seems annoyed or upset
What’s eating Sally today?
19
Q
Blow
A
(informal)
To lose a good opportunity by making a mistake or by being careless
We’ve blown our chances of getting that contract.
You’ve got a great future ahead of you. Don’t blow it
I blew the final
20
Q
Bent out of shape
A
(AmE) (spoken)
very angry or upset
21
Q
Draw a blank
A
(informal)
To be unsuccessful in finding information or the answer to a problem
All his investigations have drawn a blank so far
22
Q
Freak out
A
phrasal verb
(informal)
To become very anxious, upset, or afraid, or make someone very anxious, upset, or afraid
People just freaked out when they heard the news.
freak somebody out
The whole idea freaked me out
23
Q
Ace
A
(V.)
(AmE) (informal)
To do very well in an examination, a piece of written work etc
I aced the History test.
To hit your first shot in tennis or volleyball so well that your opponent cannot reach the ball
24
Q
What’s her face?
A
I forgot her name
25
Kiss up to somebody
Phrasal verb
(AmE) (informal)
To try to please someone in order to get them to do something for you – used to show disapproval
SYN suck up to (BrE)
If you say that, it’ll look like youre kissing up to me
26
Give me/it a break
(spoken)
Used when you want someone to stop doing or saying something that is annoying you
27
Can’t stand
(spoken)
Used to say that you do not like someone or something at all, or that you think that something is extremely unpleasant
SYN can't bear
I can't stand bad manners.
I know he can't stand the sight of me.
can't stand somebody/something doing something
Lily can't stand working in an office.
I can't stand people smoking around me when Im eating.
can't stand to do something
She can't stand to hear them arguing
28
Dweeb
(N.)
(AmE) (informal)
Someone who is weak, slightly strange, and not popular or fashionable
29
Cut class/school
(AmE) (informal)
```
To deliberately not go to a class that you should go to
She started cutting classes.
```
30
Teacher’s pet
(N.)
(informal) A child who everyone thinks is the teacher's favourite student and is therefore disliked by the other students
31
Laid-back
(Adj.)
Relaxed and seeming not to be worried about anything
OPP uptight
I don't know how you can be so laid-back about your exams.
laid-back attitude/manner/approach etc
He is famed for his laid-back attitude.
32
Get away with something
Phrasal verb
To not be caught or punished when you have done something wrong
Watch Frank – he’ll cheat if he thinks he can get away with it.
No one insults my family and gets away with it
get away with murder (informal): to not be punished for doing something wrong
Some of those children get away with murder
To receive only a small punishment for something
The charge was reduced to manslaughter, and she got away with three years in prison.
To do something without experiencing any problems or difficulties, even though it is not the best thing to do
At school he had always got away with doing the bare minimum amount of work.
The colour's not quite right, but I think you’ll get away with it
33
Rub somebody up the wrong way
(BrE)
Rub somebody the wrong way
(AmE)
(informal)
To annoy someone by the things you say or do, usually without intending to
34
Hots
(N.)
have/get the hots for somebody: (informal) to be sexually attracted to someone
35
Deadly/Dead serious
Definitly not joking
| She sounded dead serious
36
Go (spoken) (informal)
To say something
| I asked her what she meant and she just went, Don't ask
37
Gross
(Adj.)
A gross sum of money is the total amount before any tax or costs have been taken away
>net
gross income/salary/pay etc
a family with gross earnings of just £75 per week
A gross weight is the total weight of something, including its wrapping
Clearly wrong and unacceptable
gross negligence/misconduct etc
soldiers accused of gross violations of human rights
gross indecency =the crime of doing something that is sexually offensive
(spoken) Very unpleasant to look at or think about
SYN disgusting
Ooh, gross I hate spinach
(informal) Extremely fat and unattractive
grossly adverb
Lambert was grossly overweight.
grossness noun
38
Get out of here!
You’ve got to be joking!
39
Gag me!
That makes me sick!
40
What/Who is he TO you?
This would be asking about the relationship between a man and someone being asked the question by a third party. So you will often see cops asking people they arrest about the third party in the car “What is he to you.” Essentially meaning what is your relationship to this person.
❌“what is he for you” is possibly grammatically correct but it is not something I have ever really heard and it just sounds odd❌
41
Long face
(Adj.)
A sad or disappointed expression on someone's face
42
Pick on somebody/something
Phrasal verb
(spoken)
To behave in an unfair way to someone, for example by blaming them or criticizing them unfairly
Why don't you pick on someone else for a change
Don’t pick on! =! گیر نده
(BrE) To choose a particular person or thing
Just pick on one job and try to get that finished
43
Fast/Immediate friends
(literary)
Two people who are very friendly for a long time
44
Thick-skinned
(Adj.)
Not easily offended by other people's criticism or insults
OPP thin-skinned
a thick-skinned insurance salesman
45
Talk back
Phrasal verbto
Answer someone in authority such as a teacher or parent in a rude or impolite way
all children talk back and act up from time to time
46
Big deal
(N.)
(spoken)
Used to say that you do not think something is as important as someone else thinks it is
It's just a game. If you lose, big deal.
What's the big deal It's only a birthday, not the end of the world.
It's no big deal. Everybody forgets things sometimes.
An important or exciting event or situation
This audition is a big deal for Joey.
make a big deal of/out of/about something:
to get too excited or upset about something, or make something seem more important than it is
I know Im probably making a big deal out of nothing, but Im worried about you
47
How dare you
(spoken)
Said to show that you are very angry and shocked about what someone has done or said
How dare you accuse me of lying!
چطور جرأت میکنی!
48
Pity
(N.)
A pity (spoken)
Used to show that you are disappointed about something and you wish things could happen differently
SYN shame
•(it's) a pity (that)
It's a pity that he didn't accept the job.
It's a great pity Joyce wasn't invited.
I like Charlie. Pity he had to marry that awful woman.
A pity we can't find the guy who did it.
•what/that's a pity
Are you married? No. What a pity.
•it's a pity to do something
It would be a pity to give up now – you’ve nearly finished.
Sympathy for a person or animal who is suffering or unhappy
>piteous, pitiable, pitiful, pitiless
•pity for
He looked exhausted, but Marie felt no pity for him.
I listened to Jason's story with pity.
I hated the thought of being an object of pity =someone who other people feel sorry for.
•take/have pity on somebody =feel sorry for someone and treat them with sympathy
He sounded so upset that Leah started to take pity on him.
What a pity! !چقدر حیف
49
Ahead of/Behind time
Earlier or later than the time when something happens, should be done etc
Prepare what you plan to say in the meeting ahead of time =before the meeting.
The train left twenty minutes behind time =after it should have left
50
On account of something
Because of something else, especially a problem or difficulty
She was told to wear flat shoes, on account of her back problem
51
Let something go
a)To not punish or criticize someone for something they have done wrong
OK, Ill let it go this time.
b)To stop worrying or thinking too much about something
It's time to let the past go. بیخیال شو
c) (informal) To sell something for a particular amount
let something go for £20/$200 etc
I couldn't let it go for less than £300
52
Be up to somebody
a)Used to say that someone can decide about something
You can pay weekly or monthly – it's up to you.
b)Used to say that someone is responsible for a particular duty
It's up to the travel companies to warn customers of any possible dangers
53
Second helping
(N.)
(plural second helpings)
A second portion of the same thing, usually of food; seconds; refill.
He had already eaten six sausages, but that did not stop him reaching for a second helping.
54
Bottom line
(N.)
The bottom line: Used to tell someone what the most important part of a situation is, or what the most important thing to consider is
In radio, you have to keep the listener listening. That's the bottom line.
The profit or the amount of money that a business makes or loses
The least amount of money that you are willing to accept in a business deal
bottom-line adjective
55
Financial
(Adj.)
Relating to money or the management of money
financial transactions
financial assistance
a financial advisor
Organic farmers should be encouraged with financial incentives.
It was a wonderful film, but not exactly a financial success =something that makes a profit.
financial difficulties/problems/crisis
financially adv
economically/commercially/financially viable
He was successful and financially secure.
Is the project financially viable?
56
Put somebody/something off
Phrasal verb
put something ↔ off
To delay doing something or to arrange to do something at a later time or date, especially because there is a problem or you do not want to do it now
SYN delay, procrastinate
put off doing something
The match has been put off until tomorrow because of bad weather.
I put off going to the doctor but I wish I hadn't
put somebody ↔ off (BrE)
To make you dislike something or not want to do something
put somebody off (doing) something
Don't let the restaurant's decor put you off – the food is really good.
Don't let your failures put you off trying harder
put somebody off
To make someone wait because you do not want to meet them, pay them etc until later
SYN stall
When he calls, put him off as long as you can.
put somebody off (something) (BrE)
to make it difficult for someone to pay attention to what they are doing by talking, making a noise, moving etc
It puts me off when you watch me all the time.
put somebody off something (BrE)
To let someone leave a vehicle at a particular place
I’ll put you off at the supermarket
57
Pressed
(Adj.)
be pressed for time/money etc:
to not have enough time, money etc
58
Job description
(N.)
An official list of the work and responsibilities that you have in your job
59
Traffic congestion
(N.)
When the roads are full of traffic
efforts to cut traffic congestion
60
Take priority
(V.)
Become the most important thing
Winning the war took priority over everything else
take priority over something
Despite taking priority over this subject, we fail to do that.
61
Don't get me wrong
(spoken)
Used when you think someone may understand your remarks wrongly, or be offended by them
Don't get me wrong – I like Jenny
62
Half-baked
(Adj.)
(informal)
A half-baked idea, suggestion, plan etc has not been properly planned
He's always coming out with these half-baked ideas which will never work.
63
Get rid of something/somebody
(Adj)
a)To throw away or destroy something you do not want any more
It's time we got rid of all these old toys.
Governments should be encouraged to get rid of all nuclear weapons.
b) To take action so that you no longer have something unpleasant that you do not want
I can't get rid of this cough.
He opened the windows to get rid of the smell.
c) To make someone leave because you do not like them or because they are causing problems
Are you trying to get rid of me
It can be difficult for schools to get rid of poor teachers
64
In terms of something
If you explain or describe something in terms of a particular fact or event, you are explaining or
describing it only in relation to that fact or event
describe/measure/evaluate etc something in terms of something
Femininity is still defined in terms of beauty.
It's a mistake to think of Florida only in terms of its tourist attractions.
It's too early to start talking in terms of casualties.
in terms of what/how/who etc
Did the experiment find any differences in terms of what children learned
65
In view of something
(formal)
Used to introduce the reason for a decision or action
In view of his conduct, the club has decided to suspend him.
به دلیل
66
Roam
(V.)
To walk or travel, usually for a long time, with no clear purpose or direction
>wander
•roam over/around/about etc
The dogs are allowed to roam around.
Chickens and geese roam freely in the back yard.
You shouldn't let your children roam the streets.
•roam the countryside/desert/forests etc
Wild sheep roam the hills.
If your eyes roam over something, you look slowly at all parts of it
Her eyes roamed the room.
•roam over
His eyes roamed over the bookshelves.
67
Wacky
| Whacky
(Adj.)
(informal)
Silly in an exciting or amusing way
SYN crazy
a wonderfully wacky idea
wackiness noun
68
Grumpy
(Adj.)
Bad-tempered and easily annoyed
SYN irritable
Mina's always a bit grumpy first thing in the morning.
grumpily adverb
grumpiness noun
69
Slay
(V.)
(past tense slew, past participle slain)
(literary) To kill someone – used especially in newspapers
(AmE) (spoken informal) To amuse someone a lot
slayer noun
70
Amok
| Amuk
(Adv.)
Run amok:
a)To suddenly behave in a very violent and uncontrolled way
Drunken troops ran amok in the town.
b)To get out of control and cause a lot of problems
an age in which global capitalism has run amok
71
Viola
(N.)
A wooden musical instrument that you play like a violin but that is larger and has a lower sound
A plant related to the violet
72
Daredevil
(N.)
Someone who likes doing dangerous things
daredevil adjective
73
Geek
(N.)(informal)
Someone who is not popular because they wear unfashionable clothes, do not know how to behave in social situations, or do strange things
SYN nerd
a computer geek
geeky adjective
74
Enthusiast
(N.)
Someone who is very interested in a particular activity or subject
•baseball/outdoors/sailing etc enthusiast
a keep-fit enthusiast
•enthusiast for
an enthusiast for the latest management thinking
75
Burrito
(N.)
(plural burritos)
A Mexican dish made with a (tortilla =flat thin bread) folded around meat or beans with cheese
76
Remove an obstacle
Opening the border removed all obstacles to trade and travel between the two countries
برداشتن مانع موانع
77
The volume of traffic
The new ring road will reduce the volume of traffic through the village
حجم ترافیک
78
Owing to
Preposition
(formal) Because of something
Owing to a lack of funds, the project will not continue next year.
Flight BA213 has been delayed owing to fog.
79
Fond
(Adj.)
Be fond of somebody:To like someone very much, especially when you have known them for a long time and almost feel love for them
Joe's quite fond of her, isn't he
Be fond of doing something:To like something, especially something you have liked for a long time
Im not overly fond of cooking.
Be fond of doing something:To do something often, especially something that annoys other people
My grandfather was very fond of handing out advice to all my friends.
A fond look, smile, action etc shows you like someone very much
SYN affectionate
He gave her a fond look.
Have fond memories of something/somebody:
To remember someone or something with great pleasure
Marie still had fond memories of their time together.
A fond hope/belief:A belief or hope that something will happen, which seems silly because it is very unlikely to happen
in the fond hope/belief that
They sent him to another school in the fond hope that his behaviour would improve.
fondness noun
a fondness for expensive clothes
80
From where I stand
(spoken)
According to what I know or feel
I knew from where I stood that the stocks were practically worthless
81
In the not too distant future
Quite soon
We’re expecting a final decision in the not too distant future
82
Put on a brave face/front
To pretend that you are happy when you are really very upset
Authorities are just putting on a brave face, as if nothing has happened
83
Be beyond/past description
To be too good, bad, big etc to be described easily
| The death and destruction were beyond description
84
Touched
(Adj.)
Feeling happy and grateful because of what someone has done
•touched by
We were deeply touched by their present.
•touched that
Cathryn was touched that Sarah had come to see her off.
(informal) Slightly crazy
85
Come in handy
Be useful
Take your swimming trunks with you – they might come in handy
86
Analogous
(Adj.) (formal)
Similar to another situation or thing so that a comparison can be made
analogous to/with
The report's findings are analogous with our own
87
Solar energy
(N.)
The water pump is powered by solar energy.
88
Wind power
(N.)
Energy produced by the wind
Is wind power the answer to the energy crisis?
89
Natural gas
(N.)
| Gas used for heating and lighting, taken from under the earth or under the sea
90
Coal
(N.)
A hard black mineral which is dug out of the ground and burnt to produce heat
Put some coal on the fire
A piece of coal, especially one that is burning
Red hot coals glowed in the grate.
(AmE) A piece of wood or coal that is burning
>charcoal
Grill over hot coals for two minutes
91
Blessed month of ramadan
(N.)
The ninth month of the Muslim year, during which Muslims do not eat or drink anything during the day while it is light
ماه مبارک رمضان
92
Dawn
(N.)
The time at the beginning of the day when light first appears
SYN daybreak
>dusk
•at dawn
The boats set off at dawn.
When dawn broke (=the first light of the day appeared), we were still 50 miles from Calcutta.
I was up at the crack of dawn (=very early in the morning) to get the plane.
We worked from dawn to dusk (=through the whole day while it is light.)
the cold light of dawn
Get up before dawn
قبل از سحر بیدار شدن
93
Breakfast
(N.)
| افطار
94
Abstain
(V.)
To choose not to vote for or against something
Six countries voted for the change, five voted against, and two abstained.
To not do or have something you enjoy, especially alcohol or sex, usually for reasons of religion or health
•abstain from
پرهیز کردن از
Pilots must abstain from alcohol for 24 hours before flying
95
Pungent
(Adj.)
Having a strong taste or smell
pungent smell/aroma/odour etc
the pungent odour of garlic
(formal) Pungent speech or writing is clever and direct, and usually criticizes someone or something strongly
He expressed some fairly pungent criticisms.
pungently adverb
pungency noun
96
Lactate
(V.)
If a woman or female animal lactates, she produces milk to feed her baby or babies with
lactating woman
زن شیرده
97
Bash
(N.)
(informal) A hard strong hit
SYN bang
•bash on
a bash on the head
(informal) A party or an event to celebrate something
a birthday bash
have a bash at something (BrE) (spoken):
to try to do something, especially when you are not sure that you will succeed
Why not have a bash at windsurfing
98
Old man
(N.)
(old-fashioned) (informal) Someone's husband, father, or boyfriend
I heard her old man beats her.
(BrE) (old-fashioned) Used when speaking to a male friend
Could I have a word with you, old man
99
Loaded
(Adj.)
Containing bullets, film etc
a loaded pistol
```
Full a loaded vehicle or container is full of things
a loaded trailer
She came back carrying a loaded tray.
•loaded with
a truck loaded with bananas
```
(informal) Very rich
Giles can afford it – he's loaded.
Loaded with something (informal):Full of a particular quality, or containing a lot of something
snacks loaded with fat
A loaded word, statement etc has more meanings than you first realize and is intended to influence the way you think
He deserved it That's a loaded word.
There was a loaded silence.
A loaded question:
A question that is unfair because it is intended to affect your opinions and make you answer in a particular way
(AmE) (informal) Very drunk
Greg used to come home loaded almost every night
100
Chick
(N.)
A baby bird
a mother hen with her chicks
(informal) A word meaning a young woman, that some people think is offensive
101
Strut
(V.)
(strutted, strutting)
To walk proudly with your head high and your chest pushed forwards, showing that you think you are important
•strut around/about/across etc
I strutted around Chicago as if I were really somebody.
Strut your stuff (informal):To show your skill at doing something, especially dancing or performing
real show-off
The band strutted their stuff in a free concert
102
Turn-on
(N.)
(informal) Something that makes you feel excited, especially sexually
It was a turn-on to be the centre of attention
103
No way
(Adv.) (spoken)
Used to emphasize that you will not agree or be able to do something
Are you going to offer to work over the weekend No way
No way will we be finished by five o'clock.
There's no way Im going to pay £300 just for a weekend in Paris
104
Lose your mind
To become crazy
SYN go crazy,
go mad
Nicholas looked at her as if she’d lost her mind
105
Bod
(N.)
(BrE) (spoken) A person
He's a clever bod.
(informal) Someone's body
She's got a lovely bod.
```
Odd bod (informal) A strange person
He's a bit of an odd bod but very pleasant
```
106
Butt
(N.)
(AmE) (informal)
the part of your body that you sit on
SYN buttocks
a baby's soft little butt
The end of a cigarette after most of it has been smoked
Be the butt of something:To be the person or thing that other people often make jokes about
Paul quickly became the butt of everyone's jokes.
The thick end of the handle of a gun
a rifle butt
Get your butt in/out/over etc (AmE) (spoken):
Used to rudely tell someone to go somewhere or do something
Kevin, get your butt over here
Work/play etc your butt off (AmE) (spoken):
To work, play etc very hard
I worked my butt off in college.
(BrE) A large round container for collecting or storing liquids
a rainwater butt
The act of hitting someone with your head
107
Get real!
Used to tell someone that they are being very silly or unreasonable
108
Come on
Phrasal verb
Come on! (spoken)
Used to tell someone to hurry
Come on, well be late
Used to encourage someone to do something
Come on, you can do it
Come on, cheer up!
Used to tell someone that you know that what they have just said was not true or right
Oh come on, don't lie
Used to make someone angry enough to want to fight you
Come on, then, hit me!
109
Scarf (also Scarf down/up)
(V.)
| AmE) (informal
To eat something very quickly
She scarfed down a bagel on her way to work
110
Chow
(N.)
(old-fashioned) (informal) Food
I ordered some chow and sat down.
(Also chow chow)
A type of dog with long thick fur that first came from China
111
(it) Beats me
Used to say that you do not know something, or cannot understand or explain it
Beats me why he wants such a big car.
What's he saying Beats me.
112
Beige
(N.)
A pale brown colour
beige adjective
113
Go for it
(spoken)
Used to encourage someone to try to achieve something
If you really want the job, go for it
114
Yuck
(interjection)
(informal) Used to show that you think something is very unpleasant
Oh yuck I hate mayonnaise
115
Heave
(V.)
To pull or lift something very heavy with one great effort
•heave somebody/something out of/into/onto etc something
Alan heaved his suitcase onto his bed.
Mary heaved herself out of bed.
•heave on/at (BrE)
He heaved on the steering wheel and swung the car into a side street.
To throw something heavy using a lot of effort
John heaved the metal bar over the fence.
Heave a sigh:To breathe in and then breathe out noisily and slowly once
Rebecca heaved a sigh of relief.
To move up and down with very strong movements
Michael's shoulders heaved with silent laughter.
The sea heaved up and down beneath the boat.
(informal) To vomit
(past tense and past participle hove) Heave in sight/into view (literary): To appear, especially by getting closer from a distance
A few moments later a large ship hove into view
116
Dude
(N.) (AmE)
(informal) A man
a real cool dude
(old-fashioned) An American man from a city, who is living in or visiting a farm or ranch
117
Drag
(N.)
A drag (informal)
a)Something or someone that is boring
Don't be such a drag! Come to the party.
b)Something that is annoying and continues for a long time
It's a real drag having to travel so far to work every day.
Be a drag on somebody/something: To make it hard for someone to make progress towards what they want
Any slowdown in the economy is going to be a drag on the President's re-election campaign.
The act of breathing in smoke from your cigarette
Frank took a drag on his cigarette.
In drag: Wearing clothes worn by the opposite sex, especially to entertain people
The whole performance is done in drag.
The force of air that pushes against an aircraft or a vehicle that is moving forward
The car's rounded edges reduce drag.
The main drag (AmE) (informal):
The biggest or longest street that goes through a town
Our hotel is right on the main drag
118
Beeline
(N.)
Make a beeline for somebody/something (informal):To go quickly and directly towards someone or something
Rob always makes a beeline for beautiful women
119
That’s (past/ancient) history
(spoken) (informal)
| Used to say that something is not important any more
120
Show-off
(N.) (informal)
Someone who always tries to show how clever or skilled they are so that other people will admire them – often used to show disapproval
She's a bit of a show-off.
121
Rational
(Adj.)
Rational thoughts, decisions etc are based on reasons rather than emotions
OPP irrational
Im sure there's a rational explanation for all this.
It's impossible to have a rational conversation with him.
A rational person is able to think calmly and sensibly
OPP irrational
Culley was quite rational at the time of her baby's death.
(formal) Able to make sensible judgments
Man is a rational animal.
rationally adv
We were too shocked to think rationally.
rationality noun
122
Come along!
a)Used to tell someone to hurry up
SYN come on
Come along Were all waiting for you
b)Used to encourage someone to try harder
SYN come on
Come along Don't give up yet
123
UFO
(N.)
(unidentified flying object)
A strange object in the sky, that some people believe is a spaceship from another world
SYN flying saucer
124
Bore
(N.)
Something that is not interesting to you or that annoys you
Waiting is a bore.
Youll find it's a terrible bore.
Someone who is boring, especially because they talk too much about themselves or about things that do not interest you
He turned out to be a crashing bore =used to emphasize that someone is very boring.
The measurement of the width of the inside of a long hollow object such as a pipe or the barrel of a gun
Take a length of piping with a bore of about 15 mm.
•12-/16-/20- etc bore
a 12-bore shotgun
•wide-/narrow-/fine- bore
a fine-bore tube
A wave of water that moves quickly along a river from the sea at particular times of the year
the Severn bore
A borehole
125
Fate
(N.)
The things that happen to someone or something, especially unpleasant things that end their existence or end a particular period
I wouldn't wish such a fate on my worst enemy.
•fate of
No one knows what the fate of the hostages will be.
A power that is believed to control what happens in people's lives
Fate plays cruel tricks sometimes.
•a twist/quirk of fate (=something unexpected that happens)
By a strange twist of fate Smith's first match is against the team that gave him the sack last season.
A fate worse than death:Something terrible that might happen to you – often used humorously
He had rescued an innocent girl from a fate worse than death
126
Peacock
(N.)
A large bird, the male of which has long blue and green tail feathers that it can lift up and spread out
peahen
127
Praying Mantis
| also Mantis
(N.)
A large insect that eats other insects
128
Bankruptcy
(N.) (plural bankruptcies)
The state of being unable to pay your debts
SYN insolvency
In 1999 it was revealed that he was close to bankruptcy.
When inflation rises, so do bankruptcies.
A total lack of a particular good quality
the moral bankruptcy of terrorism
129
Occur to somebody
Phrasal verb
If an idea or a thought occurs to you, it suddenly comes into your mind:
•it occurs to somebody to do something
I suppose it didn’t occur to you to phone the police?
It never seems to occur to my children to contact me.
•it occurs to somebody (that)
It had never occurred to him that he might be falling in love with her.
130
In every sense of the word
In every way in which something could be interpreted or understood.
a true artist in every sense of the word
131
Hit it off (with somebody)
(informal)
If two people hit it off, they like each other as soon as they meet:
I knew you’d hit it off with Mike
132
Make the most of something
To use or enjoy something as much as possible
133
Intermission
(N.) (AmE)
A short period of time between the parts of a play, concert etc
SYN interlude
interval (BrE)
134
Beat about/ around the bush
To avoid or delay talking about something embarrassing or unpleasant:
Don’t beat around the bush. Ask for your account to be paid, and paid quickly
حاشیه نرو
135
Pig out
```
Phrasal verb
(informal)
To eat a lot of food all at once:
pig on
I found Sam in front of the TV, pigging out on pizza and fries.
```
کوفت کن
136
Wet blanket
(N.)
(informal)
Someone who seems to want to spoil other people’s fun, for example by refusing to join them in something enjoyable that they are doing
آدم ضدحال
137
Be a pain (in the neck) (also be a pain in the ass/ arse/ backside/ butt)
(not polite) (spoken)
To be very annoying:
There were times when Joe could be a real pain in the neck.
It’s a pain, having to go upstairs to make the coffee every time.
138
scatterbrained
(Adj.) (informal)
Not thinking in a practical way, so that you cannot do things or you forget or lose things
scatterbrain noun
139
As easy as pie/ ABC/ falling off a log
Very easy
The station is within easy reach of (=close to) the town centre.
The park is within easy walking distance (=close enough to walk to).
140
The crunch
| also crunch time (AmE)
An important time, especially one when a difficult decision has to be made:
The crunch came when my bank asked for my credit card back.
When it came to the crunch, she couldn’t agree to marry him
141
Sit/ Be on the fence
To avoid saying which side of an argument you support
142
Shake a leg
(spoken)
Used to tell someone to hurry, or quickly start doing something:
C’mon, shake a leg!
143
Double-Cross
(V.)
To cheat someone, especially after you have agreed to do something dishonest with them
double cross noun[countable]
double-crosser noun
144
Classified
(Adj.)
Classified information, documents etc are ones which the government has ordered to be kept secret
145
Romper
(N.)
A romper suit, or just romper, is a one-piece or two-piece combination of shorts and a shirt. It is also known as a playsuit, its generally short sleeves and pant-legs contrasting with the typical long ones of the adult onesie or jumpsuit.
146
Thriving
(Adj.)
A thriving company, business etc is very successful
SYN flourishing
a thriving tourist industry
147
Tenet
(N.)
A principle or belief, especially one that is part of a larger system of beliefs:
central/ basic/ fundamental etc tenet
one of the basic tenets of democracy
tenet of
the main tenet of his philosophy
148
Mollusc (BrE.)
| Mollusk (AmE.)
(N.)
A type of sea or land animal that has a soft body covered by a hard shell:
snails and other molluscs
molluscan adjective:
molluscan prey
149
Pest
(N.)
A small animal or insect that destroys crops or food supplies
➔ vermin:
a chemical used in pest control
(informal) An annoying person, especially a child
150
Dragonfly
(N.)
(plural dragonflies)
A brightly-coloured insect with a long thin body and transparent wings which lives near water
151
Flour
(N.)
A fine white or brown powder made from grain, especially wheat, and used in cooking for making bread, cakes, etc.
152
Kernel
(N.)
The inner part of a nut or seed
pine/apricot kernels
The central, most important part of an idea or a subject
the kernel of her argument
There may be a kernel of truth (= a small amount of truth) in what she said.
153
Curry
(N.)
Asian dish of meat, vegetables, etc. cooked with hot spices, often served with rice
a chicken curry
Would you like some more curry?
154
Privilege
(N.)
A special right or advantage that a particular person or group of people has
education should be a universal right and not a privilege.
you can enjoy all the benefits and privileges of club membership.
try not to abuse the privilege of being allowed more freedom.
(disapproving) The rights and advantages that rich and powerful people in a society have
As a member of the nobility, his life had been one of wealth and privilege.
Something that you are proud and lucky to have the opportunity to do
synonym honour
I hope to have the privilege of working with them again.
It was a great privilege to hear her sing.
```
A special right to do or say things without being punished
parliamentary privilege (= the special right of members of parliament to say particular things without risking legal action)
breach of privilege (= the breaking of rules about what a member of parliament can say and do)
```
155
Lingerie
(N.)
(used especially by shops/stores) Women’s underwear
156
Succulent
(N.)
Any plant with leaves and stems that are thick and contain a lot of water, for example a cactus
157
Rinse
(V.)
Rinse something to wash something with clean water only, not using soap
Rinse the cooked pasta with boiling water.
Rinse something to remove the soap from something with clean water after washing it
Rinse something + adv./prep. to remove dirt, etc. from something by washing it with clean water
She rinsed the mud from her hands.
I wanted to rinse the taste out of my mouth.
He showered quickly, rinsing away the dirt of the journey.
158
Doppelganger
(N.)
A person’s doppelgänger is another person who looks exactly like them
159
Moose
(N.)
A large deer that lives in N America. In Europe and Asia it is called an elk.
گوزن شمالی
160
Lynx
(N.)
(pl. lynx, lynxes)
A wild animal of the cat family, with spots on its fur and a very short tail
سیاه گوش
161
Tambourine
(N.)
A musical instrument that has a round wooden frame, sometimes covered with plastic or skin, with metal discs around the edge. To play it you shake it or hit it with your hand.
162
Bleed someone dry
To use up all of something; to deplete. ... Therefore, the phrase to bleed someone or something dry refers to exhausting resources totally, to the point of no return.
163
All-terrain vehicle
(N.)
ATV
A quad bike, or simply a quad, as defined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI); is a vehicle that travels on low-pressure tires, with a seat that is straddled by the operator, along with handlebars for steering control. As the name implies, it is designed to handle a wider variety of terrain than most other vehicles. Although it is a street-legal vehicle in some countries, it is not street-legal within most states, territories, and provinces of Australia, the United States or Canada.
164
Hail (V.)
(V.)
To describe somebody/something as being very good or special, especially in newspapers, etc.
•hail somebody/something as something:
The conference was hailed as a great success.
The expedition was widely hailed as a success.
•hail somebody/something + noun
Teenager Matt Brown is being hailed a hero for saving a young child from drowning.
Hail something to signal to a taxi or a bus, in order to get the driver to stop
to hail a taxi/cab
Hail somebody (literary) to call to somebody in order to say hello to them or attract their attention
A voice hailed us from the other side of the street.
We soon came within hailing distance of(= fairly close to) the others.
When it hails, small balls of ice fall like rain from the sky
It's hailing!
165
Beast
(N.)
An animal, especially one that is large or dangerous, or one that is unusual
•wild/savage/ferocious beasts
•mythical beasts such as unicorns and dragons
A person who is cruel and whose behaviour is uncontrolled synonym animal
(informal, often humorous) An unpleasant person or thing
The maths exam was a real beast.
(informal) A thing of a particular kind
synonym animal
His new guitar is a very expensive beast.
166
Demon
(N.)
An evil spirit
demons torturing the sinners in Hell
(informal) A person who does something very well or with a lot of energy
He skis like a demon.
He’s a demon: he gets up early, he works out, he goes home early, he studies, he works out again…
Something that causes a person to worry and makes them unhappy
the demons of jealousy
167
Masquerade
(N.)
(formal) A way of behaving that hides the truth or a person’s true feelings
He was tired of the masquerade and wanted the truth to come out.
(especially North American English) A type of party where people wear special costumes and masks over their faces, to hide their identities
168
Quarry
(N.)
A place where large amounts of stone, etc. are dug out of the ground
a slate quarry
the site of a disused quarry
An animal or a person that is being hunted or followed
synonym prey
The hunters lost sight of their quarry in the forest.
The photographers pursued their quarry through the streets.
169
Crane
(N.)
A tall machine with a long arm, used to lift and move building materials and other heavy objects
A large bird with long legs and a long neck
see also blue crane
170
Albatross
(N.)
A very large white bird with long wings that lives in the Pacific and Southern Oceans
(formal) A thing that causes problems or prevents you from doing something
The national debt is an albatross around the president’s neck.
171
Antarcric
(Adj.)
Connected with the regions of the world around the South Pole
Antarctic explorers
172
Silhouette
(N.)
The dark outline or shape of a person or an object that you see against a light background
the silhouette of chimneys and towers
The mountains stood out in silhouette.
The trees were black silhouettes against the pale sky.
The shape of a person’s body or of an object
The dress is fitted to give you a flattering silhouette.
A picture that shows somebody/something as a black shape against a light background, especially one that shows the side view of a person’s fac
173
Hangar
(N.)
A large building in which aircraft are kept
174
Arctic
(Adj.)
Related to or happening in the regions around the North Pole
Arctic explorers
compare Antarctic
Extremely cold
TV pictures showed the arctic conditions
175
Spill
(V.)
(especially of liquid) To flow over the edge of a container by accident; to make liquid do this
Water had spilled out of the bucket onto the floor.
The bag split, and sugar spilled everywhere.
He startled her and made her spill her drink.
Thousands of gallons of crude oil were spilled into the ocean.
I managed to carry three full glasses without spilling a drop
To come out of a place in large numbers and spread out
The doors opened and people spilled into the street.
(figurative) Light spilled from the windows.
176
Settee
(N.) (BrE)
A long comfortable seat with a back and arms, for two or more people to sit on synonym sofa, couch
He slumped down exhausted on the settee.
She found her glasses lying on the settee.
177
Simmer down
Phrasal verb
(informal) To become calm after a period of anger or excitement
I left him alone until he simmered down.
Things have simmered down since the riots last week.
178
Pucker
(V.)
Pucker (something) (up): To form or to make something form small folds or lines
His face puckered, and he was ready to cry.
She puckered her lips.
puckered fabric
179
Cusp
(N.)
(specialist) A pointed end where two curves meet
the cusp of a leaf
The time when one sign of the zodiac ends and the next begins
I was born on the cusp between Virgo and Libra.
(figurative) He was on the cusp between small acting roles and moderate fame.
180
Samovar
(N.)
A large container for heating water, used especially in Russia for making tea
181
Summat
Summat is a British dialect form of the word 'something'.
| Are we going to write a story or summat?
182
an ace up your sleeve (BrE)
| an ace in the hole (AmE)
(informal)
A secret advantage, for example a piece of information or a skill, that you are ready to use if you need to
183
Supersonic
(Adj.)
Faster than the speed of sound
a supersonic aircraft
supersonic flight
184
Orca
(N.)
Killer-whale
185
Keep somebody
(V.)
To delay somebody
synonym hold somebody/something (up)
You're an hour late—what kept you?
186
Show up
Phrasal verb
show up:
(informal) To arrive where you have arranged to meet somebody or do something
It was getting late when she finally showed up.
show up | show something (up)
To become visible; to make something become visible
a broken bone showed up on the X-ray
The harsh light showed up the lines on her face.
show somebody (up):
•(British English, informal) To make somebody feel embarrassed by behaving badly
He showed me up by snoring during the concert.
•to make somebody feel embarrassed by doing something better than them
Don’t worry about being shown up by the kids—they’ve always used computers.
187
Glow
(N.)
A dull steady light, especially from a fire that has stopped producing flames
The city was just a red glow on the horizon.
There was no light except for the occasional glow of a cigarette.
The pink colour in your face when you have been doing exercise or feel happy and excited
The fresh air had brought a healthy glow to her cheeks.
A gold or red colour
the glow of autumn leaves
A feeling of pleasure and satisfaction
When she looked at her children, she felt a glow of pride.
188
Detain
(V.)
Detain somebody: To keep somebody in an official place, such as a police station, a prison or a hospital, and prevent them from leaving
One man has been detained for questioning.
```
Detain somebody (formal): To delay somebody or prevent them from going somewhere
I'm sorry—he'll be late; he's been detained at a meeting.
```
189
Krill
(N.)
Very small shellfish that live in the sea around the Antarctic and are eaten by whales
میگو کوچک
190
Ferris Wheel
(N.)
(especially North American English)
(British English also big wheel)
A large wheel which stands in a vertical position at an amusement park, with seats hanging at its edge for people to ride in
191
Take yourself/somebody off (to…)
| informal
(V.) (informal)
To leave a place; to make somebody leave a place
192
Line
| informal
(N.)
(informal)
A remark, especially when somebody says it to achieve a particular purpose
Don't give me that line about having to work late again.
(British English) That's the worst chat-up line I've ever heard.
193
Hand
| V.
(V.)
To pass or give something to somebody
hand something to somebody She handed the letter to me.
hand somebody something She handed me the letter.
194
Die (of a machine)
(V.)
(of a machine) To stop working
The engine spluttered and died.
My car just died on me
195
Bunch of noise
A lot of nonsense
196
Get around
Phrasal verb
get around:
(British English also get about)
To move from place to place or from person to person
She gets around with the help of a stick.
News soon got around that he had resigned.
get round/around somebody:
To persuade somebody to agree or to do what you want, usually by doing nice things for them
She knows how to get round her dad
197
Try to pull
To carry out an unspecified trick, deception, or con job (against someone).
I have a feeling that he's going to try to pull something when we're not paying attention.
Don't you try to pull something—I've got my eye on you!
198
Flake
(N.)
A small, very thin layer or piece of something, especially one that has broken off from something larger
flakes of snow/paint
dried onion flakes
see also cornflakes, snowflake, soap flakes
(North American English, informal) a person who is strange or unusual or who forgets things easily
199
You said it
I agree with you
200
The last/final straw, the straw that breaks the camel’s back
The last in a series of bad events, etc. that makes it impossible for you to accept a situation any longer
201
Lies like a rug
To lie brazenly and barefacedly.
A pun on the dual meanings of "lie."
My brother always lies like a rug to get out of trouble with our parents. I just can't understand how they still believe him at this stage.
You know you have true power when you can lie like a rug, know that people don't believe you, and know that they'll go along with what you say regardless.
202
Put up with
Phrasal verb
Put up with somebody/something:
To accept somebody/something that is annoying, unpleasant, etc. without complaining
synonym tolerate
I don't know how she puts up with him.
I'm not going to put up with their smoking any longer.
203
Run into
Phrasal verb
Run into somebody (informal):
To meet somebody by chance
Guess who I ran into today!
```
Run into something:
•To enter an area of bad weather while travelling
We ran into thick fog on the way home.
•To experience difficulties, etc.
Be careful not to run into debt.
to run into danger/trouble/difficulties
•To reach a particular level or amount
Her income runs into six figures (= is more than £100 000, $100 000, etc.).
```
Run into somebody/something:
To crash into somebody/something
The bus went out of control and ran into a line of people.
Run something into somebody/something:
To make a vehicle crash into somebody/something
He ran his car into a tree.
204
Read the riot act
Riot Act
(N.)
An English law, enacted in 1715 and repealed in 1973, providing that if 12 or more people unlawfully assemble and disturb the public peace, they must disperse after being read a specified portion of the law or be considered guilty of felony.
Idiom:
read the riot act
To warn or reprimand energetically or forcefully:
The teacher read the riot act to the rowdy class.
205
Big time
(N.) (informal)
The most prestigious level of attainment in a competitive field
made it to the big time with his latest film.
206
Field day
(N.)
A day set aside for sports or athletic competition, as at a school.
An outdoor meeting, social event, or festivity.
A day for military exercises, maneuvers, or display.
A time of great pleasure, activity, or opportunity:
The media had a field day with the sensational story.
207
Lose (one’s) cool
To lose control of one's composure, temper, or nerve in a given situation.
He really lost his cool when the waiter dropped his food.
I really lost my cool during the interview.
208
Be a cold day in hell
(idiomatic, slang)
| The time of occurrence of an event that will never happen. It'll be a cold day in hell when that happens.
209
By the way
Incidentally:
By the way, you forgot to cash that check.
ضمنا،اتفاقا، تصادفا
210
Pan
(V.) (Informal)
To criticize harshly, as in a review.
211
Count on
Phrasal verb
To rely on; depend on:
You can count on my help.
To be confident of; anticipate:
counted on getting a raise.
212
Bomb
Slang
A dismal failure; a fiasco.
213
Smash hit
Slang
An unusually successful hit with widespread popularity and huge sales (especially a movie or play or recording or novel)
megahit, blockbuster (hit), smasher, smash, bang, strike - a conspicuous success
"that song was his first hit and marked the beginning of his career";
"that new Broadway show is a real smasher"; "the party went with a bang"
214
Inoperable
(Adj.)
(of an illness, especially cancer) Not able to be cured by a medical operation
an inoperable brain tumour
(formal)
That cannot be used or made to work; not practical
The policy was thought to be inoperable.
The fire rendered the port inoperable.
215
Commute
(V.)
To travel regularly by bus, train, car, etc. between your place of work and your home
•commute (from A) (to B)
She commutes from Oxford to London every day.
•commute between A and B
He spent that year commuting between New York and Chicago.
I live within commuting distance of Dublin.
•commute something
People are prepared to commute long distances if they are desperate for work.
```
Commute something (to something) (law): To replace one punishment with another that is less severe
The death sentence was commuted to life imprisonment.
```
Commute something (for/into something) (finance): To exchange one form of payment, for something else
216
Inadvertently
(Adv.)
By accident; without intending to synonym unintentionally
We had inadvertently left without paying the bill.
217
Reprimand
(V.)
```
Reprimand somebody (for something) | + speech (formal):
To tell somebody officially that you do not approve of them or their actions synonym rebuke
The officers were severely reprimanded for their unprofessional behaviour.
```
218
Temper
(N.)
If somebody has a temper, they become angry very easily
•a violent/short/quick, etc. temper
He must learn to control his temper.
She broke the plates in a fit of temper.
After an hour of waiting, tempers began to fray (= people began to get angry).
A short period of feeling very angry
to fly into a temper
She says awful things when she's in a temper.
Some small children have terrible temper tantrums.
The way that you are feeling at a particular time synonym mood
Come back when you're in a better temper.
•to be in a bad/foul, etc. temper
-tempered (in adjectives) having a particular type of temper
good-/bad-tempered
a sweet-tempered child
219
Incidentally
(Adv.)
Used to introduce a new topic, or some extra information, or a question that you have just thought of
synonym by the way
Incidentally, have you heard the news about Sue?
In a way that was not planned but that is connected with something else
The information was only discovered incidentally.
220
Take a bow
Idiom
take a bow - acknowledge praise or accept credit; "They finally took a bow for what they did"
accept - consider or hold as true; "I cannot accept the dogma of this church"; "accept an argument"
take a bow - acknowledge applause by inclining the head, as of an artist after a performance
bow - bend
221
Curtain call
(N.)
The appearance of performers or a performer at the end of a performance to receive applause from the audience.
222
Lout
(N.)
A man or boy who behaves in a rude and aggressive way
synonym yob
We were woken by a group of drunken louts singing in the street outside.
He claimed that he had been abused by drunken teenage louts.
223
Cliff
(N.)
A high area of rock with a very steep side, often at the edge of the sea or ocean
the cliff edge/top
the chalk cliffs of southern England
a castle perched high on the cliffs above the river
We set off along the cliff path.
224
Indulgence
(N.)
The state or act of having or doing whatever you want; the state of allowing somebody to have or do whatever they want
to lead a life of indulgence
Avoid excessive indulgence in sweets and canned drinks.
The menu offers a temptation to over-indulgence.
There is no limit to the indulgence he shows to his grandchildren.
Something that you allow yourself to have even though it is not essential
The holiday was an extravagant indulgence.
(formal) Willingness to ignore the weaknesses in somebody/something synonym patience
They begged the audience's indulgence.
225
Surrender
(V.)
To admit that you have been defeated and want to stop fighting; to allow yourself to be caught, taken prisoner, etc.
Syn: give in (to somebody/something)
The rebel soldiers were forced to surrender.
The hijackers eventually surrendered themselves to the police.
(formal) To give up something/somebody when you are forced to
Syn: relinquish
He agreed to surrender all claims to the property.
They surrendered their guns to the police.
The defendant was released to await trial but had to surrender her passport.
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Salutation
(N.)
(formal) Something that you say to welcome or say hello to somebody; the action of welcoming or saying hello to somebody
They greeted the newcomers with friendly salutations.
He raised his hand in salutation.
(specialist) The words that are used in a letter to address the person you are writing to, for example ‘Dear Sir’
227
Tassel
(N.)
A bunch of threads that are tied together at one end and hang from cushions, curtains, clothes, etc. as a decor
228
Wicker
(N.)
Thin sticks of wood twisted together to make baskets, furniture, etc.
a wicker chair
229
Daisy
(N.)
(Pl. daisies)
A small wild flower with white petals around a yellow centre; a taller plant with similar but larger flower
گل مینا
230
Debate
(V.)
To discuss something, especially formally, before making a decision or finding a solution
Syn discuss
•debate (something)
Politicians will be debating the bill later this week.
The question of the origin of the universe is still hotly debated (= strongly argued about) by scientists.
•debate whether, what, etc…
The committee will debate whether to lower the age of club membership to 16.
To think carefully about something before making a decision
•debate (with yourself)
She debated with herself for a while, and then picked up the phone.
•debate whether, what, etc
We're debating whether or not to go skiing this winter.
•debate doing something
For a moment he debated going after her.
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Douchebag
(N.)
(AmE, informal)
Used to refer to a person, especially a man, that you find extremely unpleasant and offensive
