Toronto

Question 1

For good

Answer 1

phrase

for ever:
She’s gone and this time it’s for good.
I’m going to kick the habit for good.
I’m done with cigarettes for good.
He had thought his cancer was gone for good but, sadly, this was not the case.
When I got married, I thought it was for good.

Question 2

Den

Answer 2

N.

The hidden home of some types of wild animal
a bear’s/lion’s den

(disapproving) A place where people meet in secret, especially for some illegal or immoral activity
a den of thieves
a drinking/gambling den
He thought of New York as a den of iniquity.

(AE) A room in a house where people go to relax, watch television, etc.

(old-fashioned, BE, informal)
A room in a house where a person can work or study without being disturbed
He would often retire to his den.

A secret place, often made roughly with walls and a roof, where children play
They made themselves a den in the woods.

A den is a room typically used as a secondary living space or office. It is often a smaller, cozier room than the primary living space and can function as a library, home movie theater, or any number of other recreation spaces.

Question 3

Wary

Answer 3

Adj.

(warier, wariest)

Careful when dealing with somebody/something because you think that there may be a danger or problem
syn cautious

•wary (of somebody/something)
Be wary of strangers who offer you a ride.
•wary (of doing something)
She was wary of getting involved with him.
He gave her a wary look.
The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town (= watch it carefully, in case there is trouble).

Question 4

Imitation

Answer 4

N.

A copy of something, especially something expensive
a poor/cheap imitation of the real thing
This latest production is a pale imitation of the original (= it is not nearly as good).
imitation leather/pearls

The act of copying somebody/something
A child learns to talk by imitation.
Many corporate methods have been adopted by American managers in imitation of Japanese practice.

An act of copying the way somebody talks and behaves, especially to make people laugh Syn impersonation, impression
He does an imitation of Barack Obama

Question 5

Contain

Answer 5

V.

Contain something: if something contains something else, it has that thing inside it or as part of it
This drink doesn’t contain any alcohol.
Her statement contained one or two inaccuracies.
a brown envelope containing dollar bills
The bottle contains (= can hold) two litres.

To keep your feelings under control
Syn restrain
She was unable to contain her excitement.
I was so furious I just couldn’t contain myself (= I had to express my feelings).

Contain something: to prevent something harmful from spreading or getting worse
to contain an epidemic
Government forces have failed to contain the rebellion.

Question 6

Application

Answer 6

N.

*for job/course:
A formal (often written) request for something, such as a job, permission to do something or a place at a college or university
a planning/passport application
an application form (= a piece of paper on which to apply for something)
application for something/to do something: an application for membership/a loan/a licence
application to somebody (for something/to do something): His application to the court for bail has been refused.
Further information is available on application to the principal.

*practical use:
application (of something) (to something) the practical use of something, especially a theory, discovery, etc.
the application of new technology to teaching
The invention would have a wide range of applications in industry.

*of paint/cream:
an act of putting or spreading something, such as paint or medical creams, onto something else
It took three applications of paint to cover the graffiti.
lotion for external application only (= to be put on the skin, not swallowed)

*of rule/law:
the act of making a rule, etc. operate or become effective
strict application of the law

*computing:
(abbreviation app) a program designed to do a particular job; a piece of software
a database application

*hard work:
(formal) determination to work hard at something; great effort
Success as a writer demands great application.

Question 7

Trader

Answer 7

(N.)

A person who buys and sells things as a job
small/independent/local traders
bond/currency traders
Being a sole trader (= a person who runs a business on their own) is a risky venture

Question 8

Cattle

Answer 8

(N.)

Cows and bulls that are kept as farm animals for their milk or meat
a herd of cattle
twenty head of cattle (= twenty cows)
dairy/beef cattle
The prisoners were herded into trucks like cattle.

Question 9

Consequently

Answer 9

(Adv.)

As a result; therefore
This poses a threat to agriculture and the food chain, and consequently to human health.
She failed her exams and was consequently unable to start her studies at college.

Question 10

Outrageous

Answer 10

(Adj.)

Very shocking and unacceptable Sy scandalous
outrageous behaviour
‘That’s outrageous!’ he protested.

Very unusual and slightly shocking
She says the most outrageous things sometimes.
outrageous clothes

Question 11

Purifier

Answer 11

(N.)

A device that removes substances that are dirty, harmful or not wanted
an air/water purifier

Question 12

Ailment

Answer 12

(N.)

An illness that is not very serious
childhood/common/minor ailments
I got all the usual childhood ailments.
Below is a list of common childhood ailments.

Question 13

Poultice

Answer 13

(N.)

A soft substance spread on a cloth, sometimes heated, and put on the skin to reduce pain or swelling
to apply a poultice
ضماد

Question 14

Settler

Answer 14

(N.)

A person who goes to live in a new country or region
white settlers in Africa

Question 15

Convert

Answer 15

(V.)

To change or make something change from one form, purpose, system, etc. to another
•convert something (into something)
The hotel is going to be converted into a nursing home.
The pub is a converted warehouse.
What rate will I get if I convert my dollars into euros?
Hot water is converted to electricity by a turbine.
•convert (from something) (into/to something)
We’ve converted from oil to gas central heating.

Convert into/to something to be able to be changed from one form, purpose, or system to another
a sofa that converts into a bed

To change or make somebody change their religion or beliefs
He converted from Christianity to Islam.
She was soon converted to the socialist cause.

To change an opinion, a habit, etc.
I’ve converted to organic food.
I didn’t use to like opera but my husband has converted me.

Question 16

Tincture

Answer 16

(N.)

A substance dissolved in alcohol for use as a medicine
a tincture of morphine
medicine given in powder or tincture form
Herbal remedies are usually dispensed as tinctures.
Use 30ml tincture of myrrh.

Question 17

Commercial

Answer 17

(Adj.)

Connected with the buying and selling of goods and services
the commercial heart of the city
She is developing the commercial side of the organization.
a commercial vehicle (= one that is used for carrying goods or passengers who pay)

Making or intended to make a profit
The movie was not a commercial success (= did not make money).
commercial baby foods
the first commercial flights across the Atlantic

(disapproving) More concerned with profit and being popular than with quality
Their more recent music is far too commercial.
The show was unashamedly commercial, with little artistic merit.

(of television or radio) Paid for by the money charged for broadcasting advertisements
a commercial radio station/TV channel

Question 18

Conduct

Answer 18

(V.)

Conduct something (formal): To organize and/or do a particular activity
to conduct an experiment/an inquiry/a survey
The negotiations have been conducted in a positive manner.
They conducted a vigorous campaign for a shorter working week.

Conduct (something): To direct a group of people who are singing or playing music
a concert by the London Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by Marin Alsop

Conduct somebody/something + adv./prep. (formal): To lead or guide somebody through or around a place
a conducted tour of Athens (= one with a guide, giving information about it)
The guide conducted us around the ruins of the ancient city.

Conduct yourself + adv./prep. (formal): To behave in a particular way
He conducted himself far better than expected.
The report challenges them to examine how they conduct themselves in the workplace.

Conduct something (specialist) (of a substance): To allow heat or electricity to pass along or through it
Copper conducts electricity well.

Question 19

Equivalent

Answer 19

(Adj.)

Equal in value, amount, meaning, importance, etc.
250 grams or an equivalent amount in ounces
the price we would pay elsewhere for a broadly equivalent house
Eight kilometres is roughly equivalent to five miles.
The new regulation was seen as equivalent to censorship.

Question 20

Prairie

Answer 20

(N.)

A flat wide area of land in N America and Canada, without many trees and originally covered with grass

Question 21

Nursery

Answer 21

(N.)
Pl.nurseries

= day nursery
= nursery school
Her youngest child is at nursery now.
The children are at nursery three days a week.

(AE old-fashioned) a room in a house where a baby sleeps

(old-fashioned) a room in a house where young children can play

A place where young plants and trees are grown for sale or for planting somewhere else

Question 22

Distinctive

Answer 22

(Adj.)

Having a quality or characteristic that makes something different and easily noticed
Syn characteristic
clothes with a distinctive style
The male bird has distinctive white markings on its head

Question 23

Ray

Answer 23

(N.)

A narrow line of light, heat or other energy
the sun’s rays
ultraviolet rays
The windows were shining in the reflected rays of the setting sun.

Ray of something: A small amount of something good or of something that you are hoping for
Syn glimmer
There was just one small ray of hope.

A sea fish with a large broad flat body and a long tail, that is used for food

(also re) (music) The second note of a major scale

Question 24

Glory

Answer 24

(N.)

Fame, praise or honour that is given to somebody because they have achieved something important
Olympic glory in the 100 metres
I do all the work and he gets all the glory.
She wanted to enjoy her moment of glory.
He came home a rich man, covered in glory.

praise and worship of God
‘Glory to God in the highest’

Great beauty
The city was spread out beneath us in all its glory.
The house has now been restored to its former glory.

A special cause for pride, respect or pleasure
The temple is one of the glories of ancient Greece.
Her long black hair is her crowning glory (= most impressive feature).

Question 25

Blend

Answer 25

(V.)

To mix two or more substances together
•blend A with B: Blend the flour with the milk to make a smooth paste.
•blend A and B (together): Blend together the eggs, sugar and flour.

To form a mixture with something
•blend with something: Oil does not blend with water.
•blend (together): Oil and water do not blend.

To combine with something in an attractive or effective way; to combine something in this way
•blend (something) (together): The old and new buildings blend together perfectly.
•blend something (and/with something): Their music blends traditional and modern styles.

blend something: to produce something by mixing different types together
blended whisky/tea

Question 26

Dig

Answer 26

(V.)

To make a hole in the ground or to move soil from one place to another using your hands, a tool or a machine
•dig (for something): to dig for coal/gold/Roman remains
They dug deeper and deeper but still found nothing.
I think I’ll do some digging in the garden.
•dig something: to dig a ditch/grave/hole/tunnel
I’ve been digging the garden.

Dig something: to remove something from the ground with a tool
I’ll dig some potatoes for lunch.

To search in something in order to find an object in something
I dug around in my bag for a pen.

Dig something (old-fashioned, slang) to approve of or like something very much

Question 27

Cosmopolitan

Answer 27

(Adj.)

Containing people of different types or from different countries, and influenced by their culture
a cosmopolitan city/resort
The club has a cosmopolitan atmosphere.
Jamaica is a very cosmopolitan island.

Having or showing a wide experience of people and things from many different countries
people with a truly cosmopolitan outlook
cosmopolitan young people

Question 28

Postulate

Answer 28

(V.)

Postulate something | Postulate that… (formal): To suggest or accept that something is true so that it can be used as the basis for a theory, etc.
Syn posit
They postulated a 500-year lifespan for a plastic container.

Question 29

Mound

Answer 29

(N.)

A large pile of earth or stones; a small hill
a Bronze Age burial mound
The castle was built on top of a natural grassy mound.

A pile
Syn heap
a small mound of rice/sand

Mound of something (informal): A large amount of something Syn heap
I’ve got a mound of paperwork to do.

(in baseball) The small hill where the player who throws the ball (called the pitcher ) stands

Question 30

Vibrant

Answer 30

(Adj.)

Full of life and energy
Syn exciting
a vibrant city
Thailand is at its most vibrant during the New Year celebrations.

(of colours) Very bright and strong
Syn brilliant
The room was decorated in vibrant reds and yellows.

(of music, sounds, etc.) Loud and powerful
vibrant rhythms

Question 31

Municipal

Answer 31

(Adj.)

Connected with or belonging to a town, city or district that has its own local government
municipal elections/councils
municipal workers
the Los Angeles Municipal Art Galler

Question 32

Acre

Answer 32

(N.)

A unit for measuring an area of land; 4 840 square yards or about 4 050 square metres
3 000 acres of parkland
a three-acre wood
(informal) Each house has acres of space around it (= a lot of space).

Question 33

Enigma

Answer 33

(N.)

A person, thing or situation that is mysterious and difficult to understand
Syn mystery, puzzle
Even after years he still remains an enigma to me.

Question 34

Affair

Answer 34

public/political activities:
affairs [plural]: events that are of public interest or political importance
world/international/business affairs
an expert on foreign affairs (= political events in other countries)
affairs of state

event:
[countable, usually singular] an event that people are talking about or describing in a particular way
The newspapers exaggerated the whole affair wildly.
The debate was a pretty disappointing affair.
She wanted the celebration to be a simple family affair.

relationship:
A sexual relationship between two people, usually when one or both of them are married to somebody else
She is having an affair with her boss.
They had a passionate affair for six months.

private business
affairs [plural]: matters connected with a person’s private business and financial situation
I looked after my father’s financial affairs.
She wanted to put her affairs in order before she died.

[singular] a thing that somebody is responsible for (and that other people should not be concerned with)
Syn business
How I spend my money is my affair.

object
[countable] (old-fashioned) (with an adjective) an object that is unusual or difficult to describe
Her hat was an amazing affair with feathers and a huge brim.

Question 35

a state of affairs

Answer 35

Idiom

a situation
This state of affairs can no longer be ignored.

Question 36

Invasion

Answer 36

(N.)

The act of an army entering another country by force in order to take control of it
the German invasion of Poland in 1939
the threat of invasion
an invasion force/fleet

The fact of a large number of people or things arriving somewhere, especially people or things that are disturbing or unpleasant
the annual tourist invasion
Farmers are struggling to cope with an invasion of slugs.

An act or a process that affects somebody/something in a way that is not welcome
The actress described the photographs of her as an invasion of privacy.

Question 37

Bemused

Answer 37

(Adj.)

Showing that you are confused and unable to think clearly
Syn bewildered
a bemused expression/smile
She looked somewhat shaken and bemused by what had happened.

Question 38

Artefact

Answer 38

(N.)

(also artifact especially in North American English)

An object that is made by a person, especially something of historical or cultural interest

Question 39

Reduction

Answer 39

(N.)

Reduction (in something): An act of making something less or smaller; the state of being made less or smaller
a 33% reduction in the number of hospital beds available
There has been some reduction in unemployment.
a slight/significant/substantial/drastic reduction in costs
The report recommends further reductions in air and noise emissions.

An amount of money by which something is made cheaper
There are reductions for children sharing a room with two adults.

A copy of a photograph, map, picture, etc. that is made smaller than the original one opposite enlargement

(chemistry) The fact of adding one or more electrons to a substance or of removing oxygen from a substance compare oxidation

A sauce made by boiling a liquid until it becomes thick
a red wine reduction
a reduction of chicken stock, wine and cream

Question 40

Curator

Answer 40

(N.)

A person whose job is to be in charge of the objects or works of art in a museum or an art gallery, etc.