1

Question 1

Deceitful

Answer 1

(Adj.)

Someone who is deceitful tells lies in order to get what they want

Question 2

Acquaintance

Answer 2

(N.)

Somebody you know, but who is not close friend

Question 3

Conceal

Answer 3

(V.) (formal)

To hide something carefully

Question 4

Console

Answer 4

(V.) to make someone feel better when they are feeling sad or dissappointed

(N.) a flat board that contains the controls for a machine, piece of electrical equipment, computer etc

Question 5

Council

Answer 5

(N.)

A group of people that are chosen to make rules, laws, decisions, or to give advice

Question 6

Counsel

Answer 6

(V.) (formal)

To advice someone

Question 7

Declare

Answer 7

(V.)

To state official and publicly that a particular situation exists or that something is true

Question 8

Debunk

Answer 8

(V.)

To show that an idea or belief is false

Question 9

Acolyte

Answer 9

(N.) (Formal)

Someone who serves a leader or believes in their ideas

Question 10

Festinate

Answer 10

(V.)
Hurry
Hasten

Question 11

Fascinate

Answer 11

(V.)

If someone or something fascinates you, you are attracted to them and think they are extremely intersting

Question 12

Pro rata

Answer 12

(Adv.) proportionally
متناسبا
به نسبت
به تناسب

Question 13

Behemoth

Answer 13

(N.) rhino, hippopotamus, something of monstrous size or power

Question 14

Reticent

Answer 14

(Adj.) quiet, silent, mute

Question 15

Gloss

Answer 15

(N.) brightness shininess

(V.) detail, explanation

Question 16

Determined

Answer 16

(Adj.) having a strong desire to do something, so that you will not let anyone stop you

Question 17

Cheerful

Answer 17

(Adj.) happy, or behaving in a way that shows you are happy

Question 18

Tidy

Answer 18

(Adj.) ( especially Bre)

A room, house, desk etc that is tidy is neatly arranged with everything in the right place

Neat

Question 19

Stubborn

Answer 19

(Adj.) determined not to change your mind, even when people think you are being unreasonable

Question 20

Stingy

Answer 20

(Adj.) (informal) not generous, especially with money

Question 21

oblivious

Answer 21

(Adj.) not knowing about or not noticing something that is happening around you

Question 22

Quite

Answer 22

(Adv.) (predeterminer)

Very, but not extremly

Question 23

Creepy

Answer 23

(Adj.) (informal)

Making you feel nervous and slightly frightened

Question 24

Dread

Answer 24

(V.) to feel anxious or worried about something that is going to happen or may happen

Question 26

Drought

Answer 26

(N.)

A long period of dry weather there is not enough water to plants and animals live

Question 27

Dearth

Answer 27

(N.)

A situation in which there are very few of something that people want or need

Question 28

Surplus

Answer 28

(N.) an amount of something that is more than what is needed or used

Question 29

Breakthrough

Answer 29

(N.) an important new discovery in something you are studying, especially one made after trying for a long time

Question 30

Ample

Answer 30

(Adj)

Sufficient
More than enough

Question 31

Flaw

Answer 31

(N.) a mistake, mark or weakness that makes something imperfect

Defect

Question 32

Drawback

Answer 32

(N.) a disadvantage of a situation, plan, product, etc

Question 33

Compel

Answer 33

(V.) to force someone to make something

Compulsion

Question 34

Impel

Answer 34

(V.) if something impels you to do something, it makes you feel very strongly that you must do it

Compel

Question 35

Impose

Answer 35

(V.) if someone in authority imposes a rule, punishment, tax etc, they force people to accept it

Question 36

Inflation

Answer 36

(N.) a countinuing increase in prices, or the rate at which prices increase

Question 37

Stock up

Answer 37

(Phrasal v.) to buy a lot of something in order to keep it for when you need to use it later

Question 38

Stall

Answer 38

(N.) the table or a small shop with an open front, especially outdoors, where goods are sold

Question 39

Vendor

Vender

Answer 39

(N.) someone who sells things, especially ON the street

Question 40

Dowdy

Answer 40

(Adj.) a dowdy woman is not attractive, because she wears dull and unfashionable clothes

Dowdy things are dull, un attractive, and unfashionable

Question 41

Bargain

Answer 41

(N.) something you buy cheaply or less than its usuall price

Question 42

Take something up

Answer 42

To become intrested in a new activity and to spend time doing it

To start a new job or have a new responsibility

Question 43

Do up

Answer 43

(Phrasal v.)
To fasten something, or to be fastened in a particular way

To repair an old building or car, or to improve its appearance

Question 44

Make up

Answer 44

(Phrasal v.)
Pretend something is true>make something up

To pretend that something is true in order to deceive someone

Question 45

Make up for (something)

Answer 45

(Phrasal verb) to make a bad situation better, or replace something that has been lost

Compensate

Question 46

Compensate

Answer 46

(Verb)

To replace or balance the effect of something bad

To pay someone money because they have suffered injury, loss, or damage

Question 47

Sleek

Answer 47

(Adj.)
A vehicle or other object that is sleek has a smooth attractive shape

Sleek hair or fur is straight, shiny, and healthy-looking

Someone who is sleek look rich and is well dressed

Question 48

Bangle

Answer 48

(N.)

A solid band of gold, silver etc that you wear loosely around your wrist as a jewellery

Question 49

Bracelet

Answer 49

(N.)

A band or chain that you wear around your wrist or arm as a decoration

Question 50

Tenant

Answer 50

(N.)

Someone who lives in a house, room etc and pays rent to the person who owns it

Question 51

Landlord

Answer 51

(N.)

A man who rents a room, buliding, or piece of land to someone

Question 52

Pond

Answer 52

(N.)

A small area of fresh water that is smaller than lake, that is even natural or artificially made

Question 53

Get through

Answer 53

(Phrasal v.)
Difficult time> get (somebody) through something
To come successfully to the end of an unpleasant experience or period of time, or to help someone do this

Question 54

Get away with

Answer 54

To escape from someone who is chasing you or trying to catch you

Question 55

Get off

Answer 55

(Phrasal v.)

leave> to leave place or help someone to leave a place

Question 56

Get carried away

Answer 56

To be so excited, angry, interested etc thath you are no longer really in control of what you do or say, or you forgot everything else

Question 57

Get behind (somebody)

Answer 57

(Informal)

To support someone

Question 58

Get a move on

Answer 58

(Spoken)

Used to tell someone to hurry

Question 59

Property

Answer 59

(N.)
The thing or things that someone owns

A building, a piece of land, or both together

Question 60

Amenity

Answer 60

(N.)

Something that makes a place comfortable or easy to live in

Question 61

Dweller

Answer 61

(N.)
City/town/cave etc dweller
A person or animal that lives in a particular place

Question 62

Skyscraper

Answer 62

(N.)

A very tall modern city building

Question 63

Dependency

Answer 63

(N.)

When you depend on the help and support of someone or something else in order to exist or be successful

Question 64

Encounter

Answer 64

(V.)

To experience something, especially problems or opposition

Question 65

Afflict

Answer 65

(V.)

To affect someone or something in an unpleasant way, and make them suffer

Question 66

Deprived

Answer 66

(Adj.)

Not having the things that are necessary for a comfortable or happy life

Question 67

Cultivated

Answer 67

(Adj.)

Someone who is cultivated is intelligent and knows about music, art, literature etc

Question 68

Deviate

Answer 68

(Adj.)
Deviant
Different, in bad way, from what is considered normal

Question 69

Prosperous

Answer 69

(Adj.)

Rich and successful

Question 70

Delinquent

Answer 70

(Adj.)

Behaving in a way that is illegal or that society does not approve of> criminal

Question 71

Hustle and bustle

Answer 71

(N.)

Busy and noisy activity

Question 72

Deforestation

Answer 72

(N.)

The cutting or burning down of all the trees in an area

Question 73

Fell

Answer 73

(V.)

To cut down a tree

Question 74

Queue

Answer 74

(N.)

A line of people waiting to enter a buildind, buy something etc, or a line of vehicles waiting to move

Question 75

Bend

Answer 75

(N.)

A curved part of something, especially a road or river

Question 76

Junction

Answer 76

(N.)
A place where one road, track etc joins another

Intersection

Question 77

Pedestrian

Answer 77

(N.)
Someone who is walking, especially along a street or other place used by car

Pedestrian strain

Question 78

Tempestuous

Answer 78

(Adj.)
A tempestuous relationship or period of time involves a lot of difficulty and strong emotions

A tempestuous sea or wind is very rough and violent> stormy

Question 79

Pacify

Answer 79

(V.)

To make someone calm, quiet, and satisfied after they have been angry or upset

Question 80

Bereft

Answer 80

(Adj.)
Completely without any hope etc

Feeling very sad and lonely

Question 81

Mufti

Answer 81

(N.)

A Muslem who officially explains Islamic law

Wearing ordinary clothes instead of a uniform

Question 82

Rash

Answer 82

(Adj.)

If you are rash, you do things too quickly, without thinking carefully about whether there are sensible or not> foolish

Question 83

Lapidary

Answer 83

(Adj.)

Well-written and accurate

Relating to cutting and polishing of valuable stones or jewels

Question 84

Come clean

Answer 84

(V.) ( informal)

To tell the truth about something you have done

Question 85

Nonchalant

Answer 85

(Adj.)

Behaving calmly and not seeming intersted in anything or worried about anything

Question 86

Volatile

Answer 86

(Adj.)
A volatile situation is likely to change suddenly and without warning
❌stable

Question 87

Thwart

Answer 87

(V.) ( formal)

To prevent someone from doing what they are trying to do

Question 88

Adulation

Answer 88

(N.) ( formal)

Praise and admiration for someone that is more than they really deserve

Question 89

Satiety

Answer 89

(N.) ( formal)

The condition of feeling that you have had enough of something, for example food

Question 90

Cerulean

Answer 90

(N.) (literary)

A deep blue colour like a clear sky

Question 90

Oblige

Answer 90

(V.) ( formal)

If you are obliged to do something, you have to do it because the situation, the law, a duty etc makes it neccessory

Question 91

Marshal

Answer 91

(N.)

An officer of the highest rank in the army or air force of some countries

Question 92

Jaunty

Answer 92

(Adj.)

Showing that you are confident and happy

Question 93

Lodestar

Answer 93

(N.) (literary)
A principle or fact that guides someone’s action

The pole star, used to guide ships at sea

Question 94

Taciturn

Answer 94

(Adj.) (formal)

Speaking very little, so that you seem unfriendly

Question 96

Exigent

Answer 96

(Adj.) (formal)

Demanding a lot of attention from other people in a way that is unreasonable

An exigent situation is urgent, so that you must deal with it very quickly

Question 97

Extinction

Answer 97

(N.)
When a particular type of animal or plant stop existing

When a type of person, custom, skill etc stop existing

Question 98

Species

Answer 98

(N.)
(Pl. species)

A group of animals or plants whose members are similar and can be breed together to produce young animals or plants

Genus

Question 99

Habitat

Answer 99

(N.)

A natural home of a plant or animal

Question 100

Exhaust (N.)

Answer 100

(N.)

> also exhaust pipe
A pipe on a car or machine that waste gases pass through

A gass produced when an engine is working

Question 101

Fumes

Answer 101

(N.) plural

Strong-smelling gas or smoke that is unpleasant to breathe in

Question 102

Unleaded

Answer 102

(N.) (adj.)

Unleaded petrol does not contain any lead

Question 103

Anticipate

Answer 103

(V.)

To expect that something will happen and be ready for it

Look forward to

Question 103

Erupt

Answer 103

(V.)
If fighting, violence, noise etc erupts, it starts suddenly > break out

If a volcano erupts, it explodes and sends smoke, fire, rock into the sky

Question 104

Famine

Answer 104

(N.)

A situation in wich a large number of people have little or no food for a long time and many people die

Question 105

Trap

Answer 105

(V.)

To prevent someone from escaping from somewhere, especially a dangerous place

Question 106

Collapse

Answer 106

(V.)
If a building, wall, etc collapses, it falls down suddenly, usually beacuse it week or damaged

To suddenly fall down or become unconscios because you are ill or weak

Question 107

Degrade

Answer 107

(V.)
To treat someone without respect and make them lose respect for themselves

If a substance, chemical etc degrades, or if something degrades, it changes to a simpler form

Question 108

Biodegradable

Answer 108

(Adj.)

Materials, chemicals etc that are biodegrable are changed naturally by bacteria into substances that do not harm the environment

Question 109

Evacuate

Answer 109

(V.)
To send people away from a dangerous place to a safe place

To empty a place by making all the people leave

Question 110

Death toll

Answer 110

(N.)

A total number of people who die in an accident, war etc

Question 111

Dress up

Answer 111

Phrasal verb

To wear special clothes for fun, or to put special clothes on someone
dress up as
dress up in
dress somebody ↔ up

He went to the party dressed up as a Chicago gangster.
We dressed him up as a gorilla.

To wear clothes that are more formal than the ones you would usually wear
It’s a small informal party – you don’t have to dress up.

dress something ↔ up: to make something more interesting or attractive
It was the old offer dressed up as something new

Question 112

Go along with somebody/something

Answer 112

Phrasal verb
To agree with or support someone or something
I would be happy to go along with the idea.
Often it was easier to go along with her rather than risk an argument.

go along with you! (BrE) (spoken) (old-fashioned): used to tell someone that you do not believe what they are saying

Question 113

Go by

Answer 113

Phrasal verb

If time goes by, it passes
as the days/weeks/years go by
hardly a day/week/month etc goes by
in days/times/years etc gone by =in the past
These herbs would have been grown for medicinal purposes in days gone by.

Go by something: to form an opinion about someone or something from the information or experience that you have
You can’t always go by appearances.

Go by something: to do things according to a set of rules or laws
There was no doubt that the referee had gone by the book =had obeyed all the rules

Question 114

Go for somebody/something

Answer 114

Phrasal verb

To attack or criticize someone
The dog suddenly went for me.

To try to get or win something
Jackson is going for his second gold medal here.

(BrE) To choose something
I think I’ll go for the chocolate cake.

I could/would go for something (spoken): used to say that you would like to do or have something
A full meal for less than five bucks I could go for that

(informal) To like a particular type of person or thing
Annie tends to go for older men.

the same goes for somebody/something (also that goes for somebody/something too) (spoken): used to say that a statement you have just made is true about someone or something else too
Close all doors and lock them when you go out. The same goes for windows

Question 115

Go off

Answer 115

Phrasal verb
To leave a place, especially in order to do something
go off to
go off to do something
Geoff went off to play golf.

To explode or fire
The bomb went off at 6.30 this morning.

If an alarm goes off, it makes a noise to warn you about something
Ive set the alarm clock to go off at 7 am.

go off somebody something (BrE) (informal):
To stop liking something or someone
Many women go off coffee during pregnancy.

If a machine or piece of equipment goes off, it stops working
Suddenly, all the lights went off.

(BrE) If food goes off, it becomes too bad to eat
The milk’s gone off.

Go to sleep
I’d just gone off to sleep when the phone rang.

Question 116

Go on

Answer 116

Phrasal verb
a)To continue doing something or being in a situation
go on doing something
go on with
I can’t go on like this for much longer.
b)To continue without stopping
The noise goes on 24 hours a day.

To happen
I don’t know what’s going on.

To do something after you have finished doing something else
go on to do something
go on to
Go on to the next question when you’ve finished.

To continue talking, especially after stopping or changing to a different subject
Go on, Im listening.

Question 117

Go over (something)

Answer 117

Phrasal verb

To think very carefully about something
I had gone over and over what happened in my mind.

To search or examine something very carefully
In the competition, the judge goes over each dog and assesses it.

To repeat something in order to explain it or make sure it is correct
Once again I went over exactly what I needed to say.

To clean something

go over well (also go over big (AmE)): if something goes over well, people like it
That kind of salesman talk doesn’t go over very well with the scientists

Question 118

Go through (something)

Answer 118

Phrasal verb

To experience a difficult or unpleasant situation, feeling etc
When youre going through a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone

To experience a particular process
Candidates must go through a process of selection

To use up money or a supply of something
We went through five pints of milk last week

If a deal or agreement goes through, it is officially accepted and agreed
He accepted the offer and the deal went through

To practise something, for example a performance
Let’s go through the whole thing again, from the beginning

To search something in order to find something in particular
Dave went through his pockets looking for the keys

To read or discuss something in order to make sure it is correct
Well go through the details later on

Question 119

Swell

Answer 119

(V.)
(past tense swelled, past participle swollen)

(also swell up) To become larger and rounder than normal – used especially about parts of the bodyswollen
Her ankle was already starting to swell.

To increase in amount or number
swell to
The crowd swelled to around 10,000.
swell the ranks numbers of something= increase the number of people in a particular situation
Large numbers of refugees have swollen the ranks of the unemployed.

swell with pride/anger etc
to feel very proud, angry etc
His heart swelled with pride as he watched his daughter collect her prize.

(also swell out) To curve or make something curve
The wind swelled the sails.

To become louder
Music swelled around us.

To move suddenly and powerfully upwards

Question 120

Pass out

Answer 120

Phrasal verb

To become unconscious
I nearly passed out when I saw all the blood.

(especially BrE)
To finish a course of study at a military school or police college

pass something ↔ out
to give something, such as books or papers, to everyone in a group
SYN hand out, distribute

Question 121

Come out into

Answer 121

Phrasal verb

Come out in spots/a rash etc: if you come out in spots etc, spots appear on your body
If I eat eggs, I come out in a rash

Question 122

Come down with something

Answer 122

Phrasal verb

To get an illness
I think Im coming down with a cold

Question 123

Throw up

Answer 123

Phrasal verb
To bring food or drink up from your stomach out through your mouth because you are ill
SYN vomit
Georgia was bent over the basin, throwing up.

Throw something ↔ up (BrE)
To produce problems, ideas, results etc
The arrangement may throw up problems in other areas.

Throw something ↔ up
If a vehicle, runner etc throws up dust, water etc as they move along, they make it rise into the air

Throw something ↔ up (BrE) (informal)
To suddenly leave your job, your home etc
I can’t just throw everything up and come and live with you.

Throw something ↔ up (BrE)
To build something quickly
new houses hastily thrown up by developers

Question 124

Get over

Answer 124

Phrasal verb
To become well again after an illness
It’s taken me ages to get over the flu.

To begin to feel better after a very upsetting experience
She never got over the death of her son.

get something ↔ over
To succeed in communicating ideas or information to other people
get over to
It’s important that we get this message over to young people.

(also get something over with)
To do and finish something difficult that you have to do
I can’t wait to get the interview over with.

To successfully deal with a problem or difficulty
Once weve got over the first few months, we should be making a reasonable profit.

Question 125

Rude

Answer 125

(Adj.)
Speaking or behaving in a way that is not polite and is likely to offend or annoy people
SYN impolite
OPP polite
rude to
it is rude to do something

rude jokes, words, songs etc are about sex
SYN dirty (AmE)

rude awakening/shock
a situation in which you suddenly realize something unpleasant

Made in a simple basic way
a rude wooden hut

rudely adv
rudeness noun

Question 125

Impolite

Answer 125

(Adj.)

not polite
SYN rude
an impolite remark

it is impolite (of somebody) (to do something)
Would it be impolite of me to ask exactly where you’ve been

impolitely adverb

Question 126

Insolente

Answer 126

(Adj.)

Rude and not showing any respect
>cheeky
an insolent tone of voice
You insolent child

insolently adverb
insolence noun

Question 127

Impudent

Answer 127

(Adj)
(formal)
(old-fashioned)

Rude and showing no respect to other people
SYN cheeky

impudence noun
He stared at me with a mixture of impudence and hostility

Question 128

Cheeky

Answer 128

(Adj.) (BrE)

Rude or disrespectful, sometimes in a way that is amusing
cheeky devil monkey etc
You did that on purpose, you cheeky little devil
Now don’t be cheeky to your elders, young woman.
a chubby five-year-old with a cheeky grin

cheekily adv
He grinned cheekily.
cheekiness noun

Question 129

Discourteous

Answer 129

(Adj.) (formal)

Not polite, and not showing respect for other people
SYN rude, impolite
It would be discourteous to ignore his request.

discourteously adverb

Question 130

Nosy

Answer 130

(Adj.)
(comparative nosier, superlative nosiest)
Always wanting to find out things that do not concern you, especially other people’s private affairs
Don’t be so nosy
a nosy neighbor

nosiness noun
nosily adverb

Question 131

Noisy

Answer 131

(Adj.)
(comparative noisier, superlative noisiest)

Someone or something that is noisy makes a lot of noise
OPP quiet
The kids have been really noisy today.
a noisy engine

A place that is noisy is full of noise
The bar was very noisy.

noisily adv
He blew his nose noisily

Question 132

Get along

Answer 132

Phrasal verb
If two or more people get along, they have a friendly relationship
get along with
They seem to get along with each other.

To deal with a job or situation or to make progress
How’s Sam getting along at university
get along without
Don’t worry, well get along without you.

I must/I’d better be getting along (spoken):
used to say that it is time for you to leave, for example because you have something else to do

Question 133

In search of something

Answer 133

looking for something

Mark went in search of water

Question 134

Bottle something ↔ up

Answer 134

Phrasal verb

To deliberately not allow yourself to show a strong feeling or emotion
It is far better to cry than to bottle up your feelings.

To cause problems by delaying something
The bill has been bottled up in Congress

Question 135

Hung-up

Answer 135

(Adj.)

be hung-up about/on something (informal)

To be thinking or worrying too much about someone or something

Question 136

Tear somebody/something apart

Answer 136

Phrasal verb

Tear something ↔ apart: To cause serious arguments in a group of people
SYN rip apart
Scandal is tearing the government apart.
a row that tore the family apart

(literary) To separate people who are in a close relationship with each other
Nothing can tear us apart

To make someone feel extremely unhappy or upset
Seeing her so upset really tore him apart.

Tear something ↔ apart: To break something violently into a lot of small pieces
SYN rip apart
Her body had been torn apart by wolves

Question 137

Compliance

Answer 137

(N.)
(formal)

when someone obeys a rule, agreement, or demand
>complyin
compliance with something
He changed his name to Lee in 1815 in compliance with his uncle’s will.

compliance with
Patients should have a history of good compliance with treatment.

ensure/secure/enforce compliance
The staff involved should be monitored to ensure compliance with the policy

Question 138

Dutch

Answer 138

(Adj.)

Relating to the Netherlands, its people, or its language

Go Dutch with somebody: to share the cost of a meal in a restaurant

Dutch treat (AmE): an occasion when you share the cost of something such as a meal in a restaurant

Question 139

Freshman

Answer 139

(N.)

AmE) (plural freshmen
A student in the first year of high school or university

Question 140

Sophomore

Answer 140

(N.)
(AmE)

A student who is in their second year of study at a college or high school

> freshman, junior, senior

Question 141

Junior

Answer 141

(N.)

Be two/five/ten etc years somebody’s junior (also be somebody’s junior by two/five/ten etc years) (written):
to be two, five, ten etc years younger than someone
She married a man seven years her junior.

Young person who takes part in sport for people below a particular age
The juniors use the courts on Tuesday night.

(especially BrE) Someone who has a low rank in an organization or profession
an office junior

(BrE) A child who goes to a junior school

(AmE) A student in the year before the final year of high school or college
>freshman,senior,sophomore

(AmE) (spoken)
A name used humorously when speaking to or about a boy or a younger man, especially your son
Where’s Junior

Question 142

Senior

Answer 142

(N.)

(AmE) A student in their last year of high school or university
>freshman, junior, sophomore
Jen will be a senior this year.

(especially AmE) A senior citizen: someone who is over 60 years old or who is retired
Seniors can get a 10% discount.

Be two five ten etc years somebody’s senior
to be two, five, ten etc years older than someone
➔ junior
Her husband was nine years her senior.

(BrE) An adult or a person who has reached an advanced level in a particular sport
➔ junior
Juniors and seniors train together on Wednesdays

Question 143

Curious

Answer 143

(Adj.)

Wanting to know about something
>inquisitive
Puppies are naturally curious
•curious about
He was curious about how she would react.
•curious to know/see/hear etc
Mandy was curious to know what happened.
•curious look/glance
Her shouting attracted some curious glances from other people in the restaurant.

Strange or unusual
He felt a curious mixture of excitement and panic.
a curious coincidence
It’s curious that she left without saying goodbye.

curiously adv
What have you got in there Felix asked curiously.
She felt curiously calm

Question 144

Curiosity

Answer 144

(N.) (plural curiosities)

The desire to know about something
I opened the packet just to satisfy my curiosity.
•curiosity about
Children have a natural curiosity about the world around them.

Someone or something that is interesting because they are unusual or strange
a house full of old maps and other curiosities

Question 145

Different

Answer 145

(Adj.)

Not like something or someone else, or not like before
OPP similar
different from
different to
different than (AmE)
 Her jacket's different to mine

(Grammar
In spoken British English, different from and different to are both common. Different than is also used in American English and occasionally in British English, especially when it is followed by a clause
He looks no different than when he was 20.
Teachers prefer different from, so from is the preposition to use in writing
Their homes are completely different from ours.
⚠ Do not say ‘different of’.)

Used to talk about two or more separate things of the same basic kind
SYN various
different types/kinds etc
There are many different types of fabric.

(spoken) Unusual, often in a way that you do not like
What did you think of the film Well, it was certainly different.

differently adv
I didn’t expect to be treated any differently from anyone else.

Question 146

Difference

Answer 146

(N.)

A way in which two or more people or things are not like each other
OPP similarity
difference between
difference in
There is very little difference between the parties on green issues

The amount by which one thing is greater or smaller than another
difference in age/size etc
There’s not much difference in price

Question 147

Differentiate

Answer 147

(V.)
To recognize or express the difference between things or people
SYN distinguish
•differentiate between
It’s important to differentiate between fact and opinion.
•differentiate something from something
It’s sometimes hard to differentiate one sample from another.

To be the quality, feature etc that makes one thing or person clearly different from another
SYN distinguish
What differentiates these two periods of history
•differentiate something from something
Its unusual nesting habits differentiate this bird from others.

To behave differently towards someone or something, especially in an unfair way
SYN discriminate
differentiate between
a policy which differentiates between men and women

differentiation noun
socio-economic differentiation

Question 148

Enhance

Answer 148

(V.)

Improve something
Good lighting will enhance any room.
The publicity has enhanced his reputation.

enhancer noun
flavor enhancers
enhancement noun

Question 149

Enhanced

Answer 149

(Adj.) (written)

Improved or better
enhanced access to information

Question 150

Monarchy

Answer 150

(N.) (plural monarchies)

The system in which a country is ruled by a king or queen
the abolition of the monarchy

A country that is ruled by a king or queen
>republic

The monarchy:The king or queen of a country, and his or her family
People are going to be questioning the role of the monarchy more and more

Question 151

Republic

republic

Answer 151

(N.)

A country governed by elected representatives of the people, and led by a president, not a king or queen
>democracy, monarchy
the former Federal Republic of Germany
Nine republics took part in the referendum

Question 152

Representative

Answer 152

(Adj.)

Typical of a particular group or thing
representative of
The latest incident is representative of a wider trend.

Including examples of all the different types of something in a group
The pollsters asked a representative sample of New York residents for their opinions.
نماینده

A representative system of government allows people to vote for other people to represent them in the government
a representative democracy

Question 153

Prime Minister

prime minister

Answer 153

(N.) (abbreviation PM)

The most important minister and leader of the government in some countries which have a parliamentthe
 British Prime Minister
He first became prime minister in 1982.
Prime Minister of
the Prime Minister of Turkey

نخست وزیر

Question 154

Roast chicken

Answer 154

(N.)

Cooked in an oven

For dinner we’re having roast chicken.
مرغ بریان

Question 155

Mashed potato

Answer 155

(N.)

پوره‌ی سیب‌زمینی

Question 156

Backed potato

Answer 156

(N.)

سیب‌زمینی تنوری

Question 157

Meatball

Answer 157

(N.)

A small round ball made from small pieces of meat, herbs, and egg or breadcrumbs pressed together. Meatballs are often served with a sauce

Question 158

President

Answer 158

(N.)

The official leader of a country that does not have a king or queen
>vice president
president of
the President of France
President Bush

The person who has the highest position in a company or organization
➔ vice president
president of
the president of General Motors

Question 159

Vice-president

Answer 159

(N.)

The person who is next in rank to the president of a country and who is responsible for the president’s duties if he or she is unable to do them
معاون رئیس‌جمهور

(AmE)Someone who is responsible for a particular part of a company
our vice-president for marketing

Question 160

Governor

governor

Answer 160

(N.)

a) The person in charge of governing a state in the US فرماندار
b) The person in charge of governing a country that is under the political control of another country

(BrE)A member of a committee that controls an organization or institution
a school governor
the hospital’s board of governors

(BrE)The person in charge of an institution
the prison governor
governor of
the governor of the central bank

(BrE)A guvnor

Question 161

Lieutenant Governor

Answer 161

(N.)

Lieutenant colonel/general/Governor etc:
An officer or official with the rank just below colonel, general, governor etc
نائب فرماندار

Question 162

Jury

Answer 162

(N.) (plural juries)

A group of often 12 ordinary people who listen to the details of a case in court and decide whether someone is guilty or not
the members of the jury
The jury found him not guilty.
the right to trial by jury
•sit/serve on a jury (=be part of a jury)

A group of people chosen to judge a competition

The jury is (still) out on something: Used to say that something has not been finally decided
Is it good value? The jury is still out on that.

Question 163

Confess

Answer 163

(V.)

To admit, especially to the police, that you have done something wrong or illegal
>confession
•confess to (doing) something
Edwards confessed to being a spy for the KGB.
Occasionally people confess to crimes they haven’t committed just to get attention.
•confess (that)
My husband confessed he’d been having an affair with a woman in his office.
Torture was used and Fian confessed.

To admit something that you feel embarrassed about
➔ confession
•confess (that)
Marsha confessed that she didn’t really know how to work the computer.
•confess to (doing) something
He confessed to having a secret admiration for his opponent.
•I (have to/must) confess (=used when admitting something you feel slightly embarrassed about)
I must confess I don’t visit my parents as often as I should.

(Register
In everyday English, people usually say admit rather than confess
I know it was him – he admitted it.
I admit Im not very good with money.)

To tell a priest or God about the wrong things you have done so that you can be forgiven
➔ confession
He knelt and confessed his sin

Question 164

Jail

also gaol BrE

Answer 164

(N.)

A place where criminals are kept as part of their punishment, or where people who have been charged with a crime are kept before they are judged in a law court
SYN prison
He’s been in jail for three months already

Question 165

Innocent

Answer 165

(Adj.)

Not guilty of a crime
OPP guilty
Nobody would believe that I was innocent.
•innocent of
He’s innocent of murder.
The court found him innocent and he was released.

Innocent victims/bystanders/people etc:
People who get hurt or killed in a war or crime although they are not directly involved in it
Many innocent civilians are among the casualties.

Done or said without intending to harm or offend anyone
He was startled by their angry reaction to his innocent remark.

Not having much experience of the bad things in the world, so that you are easily deceived
SYN naive
I was thirteen years old and very innocent.

innocently adverb

Question 166

Persuade

Answer 166

(V.)

To make someone decide to do something, especially by giving them reasons why they should do it, or asking them many times to do it
•persuade somebody to do something
I finally managed to persuade her to go out for a drink with me.
•persuade somebody into doing something
Don’t let yourself be persuaded into buying things you don’t want.
•try/manage/fail to persuade somebody
Im trying to persuade your dad to buy some shares.
•attempt/effort to persuade somebody
Leo wouldn’t agree, despite our efforts to persuade him.
•little/a lot of/no persuading
He took a lot of persuading to come out of retirement (=it was hard to persuade him.)
He was fairly easily persuaded.

To make someone believe something or feel sure about something
SYN convince
I am not persuaded by these arguments.
•persuade somebody that
Shell only take me back if I can persuade her that I’ve changed.
•persuade somebody of something
McFadden must persuade the jury of her innocence

Question 167

Persuasive

Answer 167

(Adj.)

Able to make other people believe something or do what you ask
>convincing
Trevor can be very persuasive.

persuasive argument/evidence
a persuasive argument against capital punishment

persuasively adverb
persuasiveness noun

Question 168

Persuasion

Answer 168

(N.)

The act of persuading someone to do something
After a little gentle persuasion, Debbie agreed to let us in.
It had taken a great deal of persuasion to get him to accept.
She used all her powers of persuasion (=skill at persuading people) to convince Tilly that it was the right thing to do.

(formal) A particular type of belief, especially a political or religious one
•political/religious persuasion
We need people with talent, whatever their political persuasions.
politicians of all persuasions

Of the… persuasion (formal):Of a particular type – often used humorously
an ancient bed of the iron persuasion

Question 169

Push-up

Answer 169

(N.)

(AmE) An exercise in which you lie on the floor on your chest and push yourself up with your arms
SYN press-up (BrE)

Question 170

Sit-up

Answer 170

(N.)

An exercise to make your stomach muscles strong, in which you sit up from a lying position, while keeping your feet on the floor
>crunch
Jerry says he does two hundred sit-ups a day

Question 171

Chin-up

Answer 171

(N.)

(AmE) An exercise in which you hang on a bar and pull yourself up until your chin is above the bar
SYN pull-up (BrE)

Question 172

Rep

Answer 172

(N.)

(informal) A sales representative

Someone who speaks officially for a company, organization, or group of people
SYN representative
staff/union/company etc rep
You need to speak to the students rep.
Safety reps have the right to stop the job when workers are in danger.

(AmE) A representative

Repertory, or a repertory theatre or company
Most actors start off in rep

(AmE) (spoken) A reputation

One exercise that you do in a series of exercises
SYN repetition
Do 15 reps of each exercise

Question 173

Severe

Answer 173

(Adj.)

Severe problems, injuries, illnesses etc are very bad or very serious
His injuries were quite severe.
She's suffering from severe depression.
The US faces severe economic problems.
The storm caused severe damage.
(Register
In everyday English, people usually say an injury, a problem etc is serious rather than severe
His injuries were quite serious.)

Severe weather is very bad and very extreme, and very hot, dry, cold etc

A severe punishment is very strict or extreme
Drug smugglers can expect severe penalties.

Severe criticism is very extreme and shows that you think someone has done something very badly
The president came under severe criticism for his handling of the crisis.

Very difficult and needing a lot of effort and skill
The negotiations will be a severe test of his abilities.

Someone who is severe behaves in a way that does not seem friendly or sympathetic, and is very strict or disapproving
SYN stern
His slightly severe expression softened.

Very plain with little or no decoration
a rather severe red-brick building

severity noun
We didn’t realize the severity of her illness

Question 174

Severely

Answer 174

(Adv.)

Very badly or to a great degree
The town was severely damaged in the war.
She’s now severely disabled.

In a strict way
Parents don’t punish their children so severely these days.

In a very unfriendly or disapproving way
Stop behaving like a fool she said severely.

In a plain simple style with little or no decoration
a severely dressed woman

Question 175

Preference

Answer 175

(N.)

If you have a preference for something, you like it more than another thing and will choose it if you can➔ prefer:
Do you have a colour preference?
•preference for
a cultural preference for boy babies
•in preference to something (=rather than something)
Use clear English in preference to technical language.

When someone is treated more favourably than other people, often when he or she has been treated unfairly in the past:
Racial preferences are a way to make up for years of discrimination against minorities.
•give/show preference (to somebody)
In allocating housing, preference is given to families with young children.

sexual preference:
someone’s sexual preference is whether they want to have sex with men or women

Question 176

Initial

Answer 176

(N.)

The first letter of someone’s first name:
‘Can I have your initial, Mr Davies?’ ‘It’s G, Mr G Davies.’

Initials[plural]
the first letters of all your names in order:
His initials are DPH: they stand for David Perry Hallworth.

Question 177

Crucial

Answer 177

(Adj.)
Something that is crucial is extremely important, because everything else depends on it
SYN vital
•crucial to
This aid money is crucial to the government’s economic policies.
•crucial in/ to doing something
The work of monks was crucial in spreading Christianity.
•play a crucial role/ part in something
The city of Mycenae played a crucial role in the history of Greece.
The conservation of tropical forests is of crucial importance.

crucially adverb

Question 178

Vary

Answer 178

(V.)
(varied, varying, varies)

If several things of the same type vary, they are all different from each other
SYN differ
Test scores vary from school to school.
The heights of the plants vary from 8 cm to 20 cm.
•vary in
flowers that vary in color and size
Medical treatment varies greatly from state to state.
Cooking times may vary slightly, depending on your oven.
Charges vary according to size.
She has tried different diets with varying degrees of success.
tests of varying levels of difficulty

If something varies, it changes depending on the situation:
Quentin’s mood seems to vary according to the weather.
‘What do you wear when you go out?’ ‘Well, it varies.’

To change something to make it different:
My doctor said I should vary my diet more.

Question 179

Enruptured

Answer 179

(Adj.)
(formal)
Enjoying something so much that you can think of nothing else
SYN enthralled
The orchestra played before an enraptured audience.

Question 180

Prestigious

Answer 180

(Adj.)

Admired as one of the best and most important:
a prestigious literary award
a highly prestigious university

Question 181

Sophisticated

Answer 181

(Adj.)
Having a lot of experience of life, and good judgment about socially important things such as art, fashion etc:
a sophisticated, witty American
Clarissa’s hair was swept up into a sophisticated style.

A sophisticated machine, system, method etc is very well designed and very advanced, and often works in a complicated way:
sophisticated software
a highly sophisticated weapons system

Having a lot of knowledge and experience of difficult or complicated subjects and therefore able to understand them well:
British voters have become much more sophisticated.

sophistication noun
a New York nightclub that was the height of sophistication (=very fashionable and expensive)

Question 182

Aesthetic

Esthetic

Answer 182

(Adj.)

Connected with beauty and the study of beauty:
From an esthetic point of view, it’s a nice design.
a work of great aesthetic appeal

aesthetically adv
aesthetically pleasing

Question 183

Ultimately

Answer 183

(Adv.)

Finally, after everything else has been done or considered:

Ultimately, the decision rests with the child’s parents.
a long but ultimately successful campaign

Question 184

Supersede

Answer 184

(V.)

If a new idea, product, or method supersedes another one, it becomes used instead because it is more modern or effective
SYN replace
Their map has since been superseded by photographic atlases.

Question 185

Undermine

Answer 185

(V.)

Gradually make someone or something less strong or effective:
economic policies that threaten to undermine the health care system

Undermine somebody’s confidence/ authority/ position/ credibility etc
The constant criticism was beginning to undermine her confidence

Question 186

Deteriorate

Answer 186

(V.)

To become worse:
Ethel’s health has deteriorated.
America’s deteriorating economy

(Register
In everyday English, people usually say get worse rather than deteriorate:
Her health got worse.
The situation is getting worse.)

Deteriorate into something
to develop into a bad or worse situation:
The argument deteriorated into a fight.

deterioration noun

Question 187

Attendance

Answer 187

(N.)

The number of people who attend a game, concert, meeting etc:
We have an average attendance of 4,000 fans per game.
Last year’s fair saw attendance figures of 32,000.

When someone goes to a meeting, class etc, or an occasion when they go:
attendance at
Most courses involve an average of eight hours’ attendance at college each week.
The doctor will have a record of her attendances.

Be in attendance (at something) formal
to be at a special or important event:
Over 2,000 people were in attendance at yesterday’s demonstration.

Be in attendance on somebody formal
to look after someone or serve them

Question 188

Executive

Answer 188

(N.)

A manager in an organization or company who helps make important decisions:
 a marketing executive
•senior/ top executive
 top executives on high salaries
•Chief Executive

The executive
the part of a government that makes sure decisions and laws work well
➔ judiciary,
legislature

(BrE)
A group of people who are in charge of an organization and make the rules:
the union’s executive

Question 189

Dominance

Answer 189

(N.)
The fact of being more powerful, more important, or more noticeable than other people or things
➔ dominate:
•dominance of
the continuing dominance of the army in Uganda
•political/ economic/ cultural etc dominance
the economic and political dominance of Western countries
•dominance over
television’s dominance over other media

Question 190

Argue

Answer 190

(V.)
To disagree with someone in words, often in an angry way:
We could hear the neighbours arguing.
•argue with
Gallacher continued to argue with the referee throughout the game.
•argue about
They were arguing about how to spend the money.
•argue over
The children were arguing over which TV programme to watch.

To state, giving clear reasons, that something is true, should be done etc:
•argue that
Croft argued that a date should be set for the withdrawal of troops.
It could be argued that a dam might actually increase the risk of flooding.
•argue for/ against (doing) something
Baker argued against cutting the military budget.

(formal) To show that something clearly exists or is true:
The statement argues a change of attitude by the management.

Question 191

Regarding

Answer 191

preposition (formal)

A word used especially in letters or speeches to introduce the subject you are writing or talking about
SYN concerning,
with regard to
Regarding your recent inquiry, I have enclosed a copy of our new brochure
درباره، در خصوص، در مورد

Question 192

Applicable

Answer 192

(Adj.)

If something is applicable to a particular person, group, or situation, it affects them or is related to them➔ apply:
•applicable to
The offer is only applicable to bookings for double rooms.
•where/ if/ as applicable
Ms/ Miss/ Mrs/ Mr Please delete as applicable.

applicability noun

Question 193

Distinct

Answer 193

(Adj.)

Clearly different or belonging to a different type:
two entirely distinct languages
•distinct types/ groups/ categories etc
There are four distinct types.
•distinct from
The learning needs of the two groups are quite distinct from each other.

As distinct from something=
Used to make it clear that you are not referring to a particular kind of thing, but to something else:
a movie star, as distinct from an actor

Something that is distinct can clearly be seen, heard, smelled etc
OPP indistinct
The outline of the ship became more distinct.

A distinct possibility, feeling, quality etc definitely exists and cannot be ignored:
I got the distinct impression he was trying to make me angry.
There is a distinct possibility that this will eventually be needed.
a distinct lack of enthusiasm

Question 194

Consequence

Answer 194

(N.)

Something that happens as a result of a particular action or set of conditions:
•consequence of
Many believe that poverty is a direct consequence of overpopulation.
•consequence for
Our findings have far-reaching consequences for researchers.
•with… consequences
He ate some poisonous mushrooms, with fatal consequences.

As a consequence (of something)/ In consequence (of something) (formal)
as a result of something:
Animals have died as a consequence of coming into contact with this chemical.
She was over the age limit and, in consequence, her application was rejected.

of little/ no/ any etc consequence (formal)
not very important or valuable:
•consequence to
Your opinion is of little consequence to me.
I don’t suppose it is of any consequence now.

Question 195

Procrastinate

Answer 195

(V.)
(formal)
To delay doing something that you ought to do, usually because you do not want to do it
SYN put off
People often procrastinate when it comes to paperwork.

procrastination noun

Question 196

Errand

Answer 196

(N.)

A short journey in order to do something for someone, for example delivering or collecting something for them:
I seemed to spend my life running errands for people.
She was always sending me on errands.
•on an errand
I couldn’t stop because I was on an errand.
He quickly set out on his errand of mercy (=journey to help someone in danger).

Question 197

Embrace

Answer 197

(V.)
To put your arms around someone and hold them in a friendly or loving way
SYN hug
 Jack warmly embraced his son.
 Maggie and Laura embraced.

(formal) To eagerly accept a new idea, opinion, religion etc:
We hope these regions will embrace democratic reforms.
Most West European countries have embraced the concept of high-speed rail networks with enthusiasm.

(formal) To include something as part of a subject, discussion etc:
This course embraces several different aspects of psychology.

Question 198

Cuisine

Answer 198

(N.)

A particular style of cooking:
 French cuisine
 vegetarian cuisine
•cuisine of
 the traditional cuisine of the Southwest

The food cooked in a particular restaurant or hotel, especially when it is very good:
Enjoy the delicious cuisine created by our award-winning chef.

Question 199

Arduous

Answer 199

(Adj.)

Involving a lot of strength and effort:
•arduous task/ work
the arduous task of loading all the boxes into the van
•arduous journey/ voyage
an arduous journey through the mountains

arduously adverb

Question 200

Outskirts

Answer 200

(N.)

The parts of a town or city that are furthest from the centre:

•on the outskirts (of something)
They live on the outskirts of Paris.

Question 201

Tire somebody out

Answer 201

Phrasal verb

To make someone very tired
SYN exhaust
All that walking tired me out

Question 202

Accommodation

Answer 202

(N.) (especially BrE)
(also accommodations AmE)

A place for someone to stay, live, or work:
The price for the holiday includes flights and accommodation.
living accommodations for the crews
travel and hotel accommodations
rented accommodation
secure accommodation for young offenders
Universities have to provide student accommodation for first-year students.
(Register
In everyday English, people usually say somewhere to live/stay rather than accommodation:
She’s trying to find somewhere to live.
Have you found anywhere to stay yet?)

(formal) An agreement between people or groups who have different views or opinions, that satisfies everyone:
We reached an accommodation between both parties.

Question 203

Ornament

Answer 203

(N.)

A small object that you keep in your house because it is beautiful rather than useful:
a shelf covered with books and ornaments
china ornaments

Decoration that is added to something:
The building style is plain, with very little ornament.
•for ornament
The coins were only ever used for ornament, not as currency.

Question 204

Get on with

Answer 204

(V.)

get on with somebody | get on (together) (both British English)
(also get along with somebody, get along (together) North American English, British English)
To have a friendly relationship with somebody
She’s never really got on with her sister.
She and her sister have never really got on.
We get along just fine together.

get on with something
(also get along with something)
Used to talk or ask about how well somebody is doing a task
I’m not getting on very fast with this job.

To continue doing something, especially after an interruption
Be quiet and get on with your work.
(informal) Get on with it! We haven’t got all day.

Question 205

Get along

Answer 205

(V.)

(usually used in the progressive tenses) To leave a place
It’s time we were getting along.

Get on»> (also get along)
used to talk or ask about how well somebody is doing in a particular situation
He’s getting on very well at school.
How did you get on at the interview?

(also get along)
to manage or survive
We can get on perfectly well without her.
I just can’t get along without a secretary

Question 206

Look up to

Answer 206

(V.)

Look up to somebody:
To admire or respect somebody

Question 207

Fall out

Answer 207

(V.)

Fall out: To become loose and drop
His hair is falling out.
My tooth fell out.

if soldiers fall out, they leave their lines and move away

Fall out (with somebody): To have an argument with somebody so that you are no longer friendly with the

Question 208

(to be) Coincident with

Answer 208

(Adj.)

Occurring together in space or time.
An increasing specialization of discourse coincident with the progress of the Industrial Revolution

In agreement or harmony.
The stake of defense attorneys is not always coincident with that of their clients

Question 209

Goal oriented

Answer 209

(Adj.)

(of a person) Focused on reaching a specific objective or accomplishing a given task; driven by purpose
goal-oriented teams of teachers

(of a project or plan) Designed to achieve desired results; targeted
A goal-oriented budget

Question 210

Trustworthy

Answer 210

(Adj.)

That you can rely on to be good, honest, sincere, etc.

synonym reliable

Question 211

Rigid

Answer 211

(Adj.)

(often disapproving) (of rules, methods, etc.) Very strict and difficult to change
synonym inflexible
The curriculum was too narrow and too rigid.
His rigid adherence to the rules made him unpopular.

(of a person) Not willing to change their ideas or behaviour
synonym inflexible
rigid attitudes

(of an object or substance) Stiff and difficult to move or bend
a rigid support for the tent
She sat upright, her body rigid with fear.
(figurative) I was bored rigid (= extremely bored).

Question 212

Chatterbox

Answer 212

(N.)

(informal)
A person who talks a lot, especially a child
She hardly said a word until she was two, but now she’s a little chatterbox.

Question 213

Seldom

Answer 213

(Adv.)

Not often
synonym rarely
He had seldom seen a child with so much talent.
She seldom, if ever, goes to the theatre.
They seldom watch television these days.
(literary) Seldom had he seen such beauty.

Question 214

Quiet

Answer 214

(N.)

To become calmer or less noisy; to make somebody/something calmer or less noisy
synonym calm down
quiet (down) The demonstrators
quieted down when the police arrived.

Quiet somebody/something (down)
He’s very good at quieting the kids

Question 215

Quit

Answer 215

(V.)

(informal) To leave your job, school, etc.
If I don’t get more money I’ll quit.
•quit as something
He has decided to quit as manager of the team.
•quit something
He quit the show last year because of bad health.
She quit school at 16.

(informal, AmE) To stop doing something
•quit doing something
  I've quit smoking.
•quit (something)
  Just quit it!
 We only just started. We're not going to quit now.

Quit (something): To leave the place where you live
We decided it was time to quit the city.
The landlord gave them all notice to quit.

Quit (something): To close a computer program or application

Question 216

Adequate

Answer 216

(Adj.)

Enough in quantity, or good enough in quality, for a particular purpose or need
an adequate supply of hot water
The room was small but adequate.
There is a lack of adequate provision for disabled students.
He didn’t give an adequate answer to the question.

•adequate for something
The space available is not adequate for our needs.
•adequate to do something
training that is adequate to meet the future needs of industry

Question 217

Deficit

Answer 217

(N.)

The amount by which money spent or owed is greater than money earned in a particular period of time
•a budget/trade deficit
The trade balance has been in deficit for the past five years

(formal) The amount by which something, especially an amount of money, is too small or smaller than something else
There’s a deficit of $3 million in the total needed to complete the project.
The team has to come back from a 2–0 deficit in the first half.

Question 218

Shortage

Answer 218

(N.)

A situation when there is not enough of the people or things that are needed
food/housing/water shortages
a shortage of funds
There is no shortage of (= there are plenty of) things to do in the town.

Question 219

Impose

Answer 219

(V.)

Impose something (on/upon something/somebody): To introduce a new law, rule, tax, etc.; to order that a rule, punishment, etc. be used
 A new tax was imposed on fuel.

Impose something (on/upon somebody/something): To force somebody/something to have to deal with something that is difficult or unpleasant
to impose limitations/restrictions/constraints on something
This system imposes additional financial burdens on many people.
The time limits are imposed on us by factors outside our control.

Impose something (on/upon somebody): To make somebody accept the same opinions, wishes, etc. as your own
She didn’t want to impose her values on her family.
It was noticeable how a few people managed to impose their will on the others.

To expect somebody to do something for you or to spend time with you, when it may not be convenient for them
‘You must stay for lunch.’ ‘Well, thanks, but I don’t want to impose…’
•impose on/upon somebody/something
Everyone imposes on Dave’s good nature.

Impose yourself (on/upon somebody/something): To make somebody/something accept or be aware of your presence or ideas
 European civilization was the first to impose itself across the whole world.

Question 220

Nuclear family

Answer 220

(N.)

A family that consists of father, mother and children, when it is thought of as a unit in society
Not everybody nowadays lives in the conventional nuclear family.

Question 221

Immediate family

Answer 221

(N.)

People who are very closely related to you, such as your parents, children, brothers, and sisters

Question 222

Extended family

Answer 222

(N.)

A family group with a close relationship among the members that includes not only parents and children but also uncles, aunts, grandparents, etc.
She grew up surrounded by a large extended family.

Question 223

Distant relatives

Answer 223

(N.)

A relative who is not closely related to you. Distant relatives do not include parents, siblings, children, aunts, uncles, nieces, nephews, grandparents, and grandchildren. Great-aunts, cousins, and second cousins are examples of distant relatives.

Question 224

Close-knit family

Answer 224

(N.)

Bound together by intimate social or cultural ties or by close economic or political ties

(of a group of people) Having strong relationships with each other and taking a close, friendly interest in each other’s activities and problems
the close-knit community of a small village

Question 225

Dysfanctional family

Answer 225

(N.)

A dysfunctional family is a family in which conflict, misbehavior, and often child neglect or abuse on the part of individual parents occur continuously and regularly, leading other members to accommodate such actions. Children sometimes grow up in such families with the understanding that such a situation is normal

Question 226

Broken home

Answer 226

(N.)

A family in which the parents are divorced or separated
She comes from a broken home.

Question 227

Divorce settelment

Answer 227

(N.)

A divorce settlement is an arrangement, adjustment, or other understanding reached, as in financial or business proceedings between two adults who have chosen to divorce. It serves as the final legal agreement between these adults for documenting the terms of their divorce

Question 228

Companion

Answer 228

(N.)

A person or an animal that travels with you or spends a lot of time with you
travelling companions
Geoff was my companion on the journey.
(figurative) Fear was the hostages’ constant companion.

A person who has similar tastes, interests, etc. to your own and whose company you enjoy
She was a charming dinner companion.
His younger brother is not much of a companion for him.
They’re drinking companions (= they go out drinking together).

A person who shares in your work, pleasures, sadness, etc.
We became companions in misfortune.

A person, usually a woman, employed to live with and help somebody, especially somebody old or ill/sick

One of a pair of things that go together or can be used together
A companion volume is soon to be published.

Used in book titles to describe a book giving useful facts and information on a particular subject
A Companion to French Literature

Question 229

Lose touch

Answer 229

(V.)

Cease to correspond or be in communication.
I lost touch with him when he joined the Air Force

Cease to be aware or informed.
we cannot lose touch with political reality

Question 230

Hideously

Answer 230

(Adv.)

In a very ugly or unpleasant way
synonym revoltingly
His face was hideously deformed.

Question 231

Slender

Answer 231

(Adj.)

(approving) (of people or their bodies) Thin in an attractive or elegant way 
synonym slim
 her slender figure
 long, slender fingers
 a slender young woman

Thin or narrow
a glass with a slender stem

Small in amount or size and hardly enough
to win by a slender margin/majority
people of slender means (= with little money)
Australia held a slender 1–0 lead at half-time.
These claims are based on slender evidence.

Question 232

Upturend

Answer 232

(Adj.)

Pointing or facing upwards
an upturned nose (= that curves upwards at the end)
She looked down at the sea of upturned faces.

Turned upside down
She sat on an upturned box.
The children clung to the upturned boat.

Question 233

Beard

Answer 233

(N.)

On the chin and cheeks of a man’s face; similar hair that grows on some animals
He has decided to grow a beard and a moustache.
a week’s growth of beard
a goat’s beard
a false beard

Question 234

Complexion

Answer 234

(N.)

The natural colour and condition of the skin on a person’s face
a pale/bad complexion

The general character of something
a move which changed the political complexion of the country

Question 235

Freckle

Answer 235

(N.)

A small, pale brown spot on a person’s skin, especially on their face, caused by the sun
She had wonderful clear skin with an attractive sprinkling of freckles.

Question 236

Wrinkle

Answer 236

(N.)

A line or small fold in your skin, especially on your face, that forms as you get older
There were fine wrinkles around her eyes.

A small fold that you do not want in a piece of cloth or paper

Question 237

Point out

Answer 237

(V.)

Point somebody/somethingout (to somebody):
To stretch your finger out towards somebody/something in order to show somebody which person or thing you are referring to
I’ll point him out to you next time he comes in.
The guide pointed out various historic monuments.

Point out (to somebody) | point something out (to somebody):
To mention something in order to give somebody information about it or make them notice it
 She tried in vain to point out to him the unfairness of his actions.
 He pointed out the dangers of driving alone.
•point out (to somebody) that…
  I should point out that not one of these paintings is original.

•(speech) ‘It’s not very far,’ she pointed out.

Question 238

Commentate

Answer 238

(V.)

Commentate (on something): To give a spoken description of an event as it happens, especially on television or radio
Who will be commentating on the game?

Question 239

Illustrate

Answer 239

(V.)

To use pictures, photographs, diagrams, etc. in a book, etc.
an illustrated textbook
His lecture was illustrated with photos taken during the expedition.

To make the meaning of something clearer by using examples, pictures, etc.
To illustrate my point, let me tell you a little story.
Last year’s sales figures are illustrated in Figure 2.
Here’s an example to illustrate what I mean.

illustrate something | illustrate how, what, etc… | illustrate that…: To show that something is true or that a situation exists
synonym demonstrate
The incident illustrates the need for better security measures.

Question 240

Regulation

Answer 240

(N.)

An official rule made by a government or some other authority
too many rules and regulations
fire/safety/building, etc. regulations
to comply with the regulations
Under the new regulations spending on office equipment will be strictly controlled.
the strict regulations governing the sale of weapons

Controlling something by means of rules
the voluntary regulation of the press

Question 241

Necessitate

Answer 241

(V.) (formal)

To make something necessary
Recent financial scandals have necessitated changes in parliamentary procedures.
Increased traffic necessitated widening the road.
His new job necessitated him/his getting up at six.

Question 242

Curly

Answer 242

(Adj.)

Having a lot of curls or a curved shape
 short curly hair
 I wish my hair was curly.
 a curly-headed boy
 a dog with a curly tail
 curly cabbage leaves
 She wished she had naturally curly hair.
 Your hair’s gone all curly!

Question 243

Pushy

Answer 243

(Adj.)

Trying hard to get what you want, especially in a way that seems rude
a pushy salesman
Her parents were never pushy although they encouraged her acting ambitions from an early age.

Question 244

BelongingS

Answer 244

(N.) (plural)

The things that you own which can be moved, for example not land or buildings synonym possessions
insurance of property and personal belongings
She packed her few belongings in a bag and left.
The burglars had gone through all his belongings.

Question 245

Facility

Answer 245

(N.)
Facilities [plural] buildings, services, equipment, etc. that are provided for a particular purpose
sports/leisure facilities
conference facilities
shopping/banking/cooking facilities
The hotel has special facilities for welcoming disabled people.
All rooms have private facilities (= a private bathroom).

A special feature of a machine, service, etc. that makes it possible to do something extra
a bank account with an overdraft facility
a facility for checking spelling
This facility allows the user to input text in various forms onto the screen and thus create a true newspaper page.

A place, usually including buildings, used for a particular purpose or activity
the world’s largest nuclear waste facility
a new health care facility

Facility (for something): A natural ability to learn or do something easily
She has a facility for languages.
He plays the piano with surprising facility.

Question 246

Terrace

Answer 246

(N.)

(often in the names of streets) A continuous row of similar houses that are joined together in one block
12 Albert Terrace

A flat, hard area, especially outside a house or restaurant, where you can sit, eat and enjoy the sun
a sun terrace
a roof terrace
All rooms have a balcony or terrace.

terraces [plural] (BrE) The wide steps at a football (soccer ) ground where people can stand to watch the game

One of a series of flat areas of ground that are cut into the side of a hill like steps so that crops can be grown there

Question 247

Spacious

Answer 247

(Adj.)

(of a room or building) Large and with plenty of space for people to move around in
synonym roomy
The hotel rooms are spacious and comfortable.

Question 248

Well equipped

Answer 248

(Adj.)

Having sufficient equipment, supplies, or abilities

Question 249

Overlook

Answer 249

(V.)

Fail to notice (something)
he seems to have overlooked one important fact

Have a view of from above.
the chateau overlooks fields of corn and olive trees

Question 250

Apply

Answer 250

(V.)

for job/course
To make a formal request, usually in writing, for something such as a job, a place at college, university, etc.
 You should apply in person/by letter.
 to apply for a job/passport/grant
 to apply to a company/university
 He has applied to join the army.

use
To use something or make something work in a particular situation
to apply economic sanctions/political pressure
The new technology was applied to farming.

paint/cream
To put or spread something such as paint, cream, etc. onto a surface
Apply the cream sparingly to your face and neck.
The glue should be applied to both surfaces.

be relevant
To concern or relate to somebody/something
Special conditions apply if you are under 18.
What I am saying applies only to some of you.
The word ‘unexciting’ could never be applied to her novels.

work hard
To work at something or study something very hard
You would pass your exams if you applied yourself.
We applied our minds to finding a solution to our problem.

press hard
To press on something hard with your hand, foot, etc. to make something work or have an effect on something
to apply the brakes (of a vehicle)
Pressure applied to the wound will stop the bleeding.

Question 251

Utilize

Answer 251

(V.) (formal)

Utilize something (as something): To use something, especially for a practical purpose synonym make use of
The Romans were the first to utilize concrete as a building material.
The resources at our disposal could have been better utilized.
Vitamin C helps the body utilize the iron present in your body.

Question 252

Employ

Answer 252

(V.)

To give somebody a job to do for payment
How many people does the company employ?
For the past three years he has been employed as a firefighter.
A number of people have been employed to deal with the backlog work.

Employ something (formal): To use something such as a skill, method, etc. for a particular purpose
 He criticized the repressive methods employed by the country's government.
 The police had to employ force to enter the building.

Question 253

Rural

Answer 253

(Adj.)

Connected with or like the countryside
 rural areas
 a rural economy
 rural America
 a rural way of life

Question 254

Urban

Answer 254

(Adj.)

Connected with a town or city
damage to both urban and rural environments
urban areas
urban life
urban development (= the process of building towns and cities or making them larger)
urban renewal/regeneration (= the process of improving the buildings, etc. in the poor parts of a town or city)
efforts to control urban sprawl (= the spread of city buildings into the countryside)

Connected with types of music such as rhythm and blues and reggae that are played by black musicians
today’s urban music scene
urban radio shows

Question 255

Suburb

Answer 255

(N.)

An area where people live that is outside the centre of a city
a suburb of London
a London suburb
They live in the suburbs.

Question 256

Stuck

Answer 256

(V.)

Unable to move or to be moved
The wheels were stuck in the mud.
This drawer keeps getting stuck.
She got the key stuck in the lock.
I can’t get out—I’m stuck.
I couldn’t budge the drawer—it was stuck fast.
The tiles were stuck firmly to the wall.
~~~

In an unpleasant situation or place that you cannot escape from
We were stuck in traffic for over an hour.
I hate being stuck at home all day.
•Stuck (on something): Unable to answer or understand something
I got stuck on the first question.
I’ll help you if you’re stuck.
•Stuck (for something): Not knowing what to do in a particular situation
If you’re stuck for something to do tonight, come out with us.
I’ve never known him to be stuck for words before.
•Stuck with somebody/something (informal): Unable to get rid of somebody/something that you do not want
I was stuck with him for the whole journey.
I’m stuck with this job for the moment.

Question 257

Frustrated

Answer 257

(Adj.)
Feeling annoyed and impatient because you cannot do or achieve what you want
It’s very easy to get frustrated in this job.
His apathy just made her even more frustrated.
They felt frustrated at the lack of progress.

(of an emotion) Having no effect; not being satisfied
He stamped his foot in frustrated rage.
frustrated desires

Unable to be successful in a particular career
a frustrated artist

Not satisfied sexually

Question 258

Crowd

Answer 258

(N.)

Large number of people gathered together in a public place, for example in the streets or at a sports game
He pushed his way through the crowd.
A small crowd had gathered outside the church.
Police had to break up the crowd.
Crowds of people poured into the street.
I want to get there early to avoid the crowds.
The match attracted a capacity crowd of 80 000.

(informal, often disapproving) A particular group of people
Bob introduced her to some of the usual crowd (= people who often meet each other).
the bright young theatrical crowd

The crowd [singular] (sometimes disapproving): Ordinary people, not special or unusual in any way
We all like to think we stand out from the crowd (= are different from and better than other people).
He prefers to be one of the crowd.
She’s quite happy to follow the crowd.

Question 259

Break down

Answer 259

(V.)

(of a machine or vehicle) To stop working because of a fault
The telephone system has broken down.
We (= the car) broke down on the freeway.

To fail
Negotiations between the two sides have broken down.

To become very bad
Her health broke down under the pressure of work.

To lose control of your feelings and start crying
He broke down and wept when he heard the news.

To divide into parts to be analysed
Expenditure on the project breaks down as follows: wages $10m, plant $4m, raw materials $5m.

Question 260

Hard shoulder

Answer 260

(N.) (BrE)

(US English breakdown lane)

A strip of ground with a hard surface beside a major road such as a motorway or interstate where vehicles can stop in an emergency
to pull over onto the hard shoulder/into the breakdown lane

Question 261

Road sign

Answer 261

(N.)

A sign near a road giving information or instructions to drivers

Question 262

Accelerate

Answer 262

(V.)

To happen or to make something happen faster or earlier than expected
Inflation continues to accelerate.
Exposure to the sun can accelerate the ageing process.

(of a vehicle or person) To start to go faster
The runners accelerated smoothly around the bend.
The car accelerated to overtake me.

Question 263

Feature

Answer 263

(V.)
To include a particular person or thing as a special feature
•feature somebody/something as somebody/something
The film features Cary Grant as a professor.
•feature somebody/something
The latest model features alloy wheels and an electronic alarm.
Many of the hotels featured in the brochure offer special deals for weekend breaks.

feature (in something): To have an important part in something
Olive oil and garlic feature prominently in his recipes.

Question 264

Destruction

Answer 264

(N.)

The act of destroying something; the process of being destroyed
the destruction of the rainforests
weapons of mass destruction
a tidal wave bringing death and destruction in its wake
The central argument is that capitalism sows the seeds of its own destruction (= creates the forces that destroy it).

Question 265

Wiped out

Answer 265

(Adj.)

Extremely tired
You look wiped out.

Question 266

Concrete

Answer 266

(N.)
Building material that is made by mixing together cement, sand, small stones and water
a slab of concrete
The pathway is formed from large pebbles set in concrete.
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Question 267

Virtually

Answer 267

(Adv.)
Almost or very nearly, so that any slight difference is not important
to be virtually impossible
Virtually all students will be exempt from the tax.
He virtually admitted he was guilty.
This year’s results are virtually the same as last year’s.
The red squirrel has become virtually extinct in most of the country.

By the use of computer software that makes something appear to exist; using virtual reality technology

Question 268

Unblemished

Answer 268

(Adj.)
(formal)
Not spoiled, damaged or marked in any way
 He had an unblemished reputation.
her pale unblemished skin

Question 269

Commodity

Answer 269

(N.)
(pl. commodities)

(economics) A product or a raw material that can be bought and sold
rice, flour and other basic commodities
a drop in commodity prices
Crude oil is the world’s most important commodity.

(formal) A thing that is useful or has a useful quality
Water is a precious commodity that is often taken for granted in the West.

Question 270

Initiate

Answer 270

(V.)
Initiate something (formal): To make something begin
synonym set in motion
to initiate legal proceedings against somebody
The government has initiated a programme of economic reform.

Initiate somebody (into something): To explain something to somebody and/or make them experience it for the first time
 Many of them had been initiated into drug use at an early age.
 His uncle initiated him into the pleasures of sailing.

Initiate somebody (into something): To make somebody a member of a particular group, especially as part of a secret ceremony
 Hundreds are initiated into the sect each year.

Question 271

Impact

Answer 271

(N.)
Impact (of something) (on somebody/something): The powerful effect that something has on somebody/something
the environmental impact of tourism
The report assesses the impact of AIDS on the gay community.
Her speech made a profound impact on everyone.
Businesses are beginning to feel the full impact of the recession.

The act of one object hitting another; the force with which this happens
craters made by meteorite impacts
The impact of the blow knocked Jack off balance.
The bomb explodes on impact (= when it hits something).
The car is fitted with side impact bars (= to protect it from a blow from the side).

Question 272

Conservation

Answer 272

(N.)
The protection of the natural environment
synonym conservancy
to be interested in wildlife conservation
Road development in the area has been severely affected by the conservation programmes of the council.

The official protection of buildings that have historical or artistic importance

The act of preventing something from being lost, wasted, damaged or destroyed
to encourage the conservation of water/fuel
energy conservation

Question 273

Bottel bank

Answer 273

(N.)

A large container in a public place where people can leave their empty bottles so that the glass can be used again (= recycled); a public place with several of these containers

Question 274

Hurricane

Answer 274

(N.)

A violent storm with very strong winds, especially in the western Atlantic Ocean
hurricane-force winds
Hurricane Betty is now approaching the coast of Florida.

Question 275

Flood

Answer 275

(N.)
water
A large amount of water covering an area that is usually dry
The heavy rain has caused floods in many parts of the country.
flood damage
Police have issued flood warnings for Nevada.
an appeal to help flood victims
the Thames flood barrier
The river is in flood (= has more water in it than normal and has caused a flood).

large number
Flood (of something) a very large number of things or people that appear at the same time
a flood of complaints
a flood of refugees
The child was in floods of tears (= crying a lot).

in Bible
the Flood [singular]: the great flood that covered the world in the Bible story
before the Flood (= a very long time ago)

Question 276

Tornado

Answer 276

(N.)
A violent storm with very strong winds which move in a circle. There is often also a long cloud which is narrower at the bottom than the top.
Tornadoes ripped into the southern United States yesterday.
She burst in to the room like a tornado.

Question 277

Earthquake

Answer 277

(N.)
(informal quake)

A sudden, violent shaking of the earth’s surface
damage caused by a powerful earthquake
The earthquake measured 68 on the Richter scale.

Question 278

Endure

Answer 278

(V.)
(formal)
To experience and deal with something that is painful or unpleasant, especially without complaining
synonym bear
•endure something
They had to endure a long wait before the case came to trial.
She could not endure the thought of parting.
The pain was almost too great to endure.
(formal) a love that endures all things and never fails
He had to endure the racist taunts of the crowd.
•endure doing something
He can’t endure being defeated.
•endure to do something
He can’t endure to be defeated.

To continue to exist for a long time
synonym last
a success that will endure
The torn flag has endured as a symbol of freedom.