Old Flashcards

Question

Sneer

Answer 1

(N.) An unpleasant look, smile or comment that shows you do not respect somebody/something ‘And who are you, then?’ he asked with a sneer in his voice. A faint sneer of satisfaction crossed her face. پوزخند زدن

Answer 2

(N.) A silly and unpleasant smile that shows that you are pleased with yourself, know something that other people do not know, etc. She had a self-satisfied smirk on her face. پوزخند زدن

Answer 3

(N.) An expression on your face in which your lips are pushed out to show you are annoyed or to look sexually attractive Her lips were set in a pout of annoyance. لب ورچیدن

Answer 4

(N.) Snap, picture snapshots of the children A short description or a small amount of information that gives you an idea of what something is like The play offers a snapshot of life in Britain under the Roman

Answer 5

(V.) recline (against/in/on something): (formal) To sit or lie in a relaxed way, with your body leaning backwards She was reclining on a sofa. a reclining figure (= for example in a painting) recline (something) When a seat reclines or when you recline a seat, the back of it moves into a comfortable sloping position a reclining chair

Answer 6

(V.) To look at a lot of things in a shop/store rather than looking for one particular thing You are welcome to come in and browse. •browse something She browsed the shelves for something interesting to read. browse (through) something: To look through the pages of a book, newspaper, etc. without reading everything I found the article while I was browsing through some old magazines. browse through the catalogue browse (something) (computing): To look for or to look at information on a computer, especially on the Internet or a specific website I spent the whole evening just browsing on the Internet. I browsed the website for information about the event but didn’t find anything useful. browse (on something) (of cows, goats, etc.): To eat leaves, etc. that are growing high up

Answer 7

(N.) (informal) Something that is not worth what you pay for it $70 for a T-shirt! What a rip-off! rip-off (of something): A copy of something, especially one that is less expensive or not as good as the original thing The single is a rip-off of a 70s hit. a stall selling designer rip-offs

Answer 8

(N.) The action of rubbing and pressing a person’s body with the hands to reduce pain in the muscles and joints Massage will help the pain. a back massage to give somebody a massage massage oils Once a week I have a sauna and a massage. The physiotherapist gave me a massage to ease the pain. They managed to revive the injured driver with cardiac massage.

Answer 9

(N.) to something harmful exposure (to something): The state of being in a place or situation where there is no protection from something harmful or unpleasant prolonged exposure to harmful radiation (finance) the company’s exposure on the foreign exchange markets (= to the risk of making financial losses) showing truth The state of having the true facts about somebody/something told after they have been hidden because they are bad, immoral or illegal his exposure as a liar and a fraud the exposure of illegal currency deals on TV/in newspapers, etc. The fact of being discussed or mentioned on television, in newspapers, etc. synonym publicity Her new movie has had a lot of exposure in the media. medical condition A medical condition caused by being out in very cold weather for too long without protection Two climbers were brought in suffering from exposure. film in camera A length of film in a camera that is used to take a photograph There are three exposures left on this roll of film. The length of time for which light is allowed to reach the film when taking a photograph I used a long exposure for this one. showing something hidden The act of showing something that is usually hidden

Answer 10

(N.) The quality of being exact, accurate and careful synonym accuracy done with mathematical precision Her writing is imaginative but lacks precision. Historians can’t estimate the date with any (degree of) precision. He chose his words with precision. •precision instruments/tools

Answer 11

``` (N.) container A deep round dish with a wide open top, used especially for holding food or liquid a salad/fruit/sugar, etc. bowl a washing-up bowl ``` amount The amount contained in a bowl a bowl of soup shape The part of some objects that is shaped like a bowl the bowl of a spoon a toilet/lavatory bowl theatre (especially North American English) (in names) A large round theatre without a roof, used for concerts, etc. outdoors the Hollywood Bowl ball A heavy wooden ball that is used in the games of bowls and bowling game bowls (North American English also lawn bowling): A game played on an area of very smooth grass, in which players take turns to roll bowls as near as possible to a small ball Culture football game (North American English) (in names): A game of American football played after the main season between the best teams the Super Bowl

Answer 12

(N.) (pl. appendices, appendixes) Internal anatomy A small bag of tissue that is attached to the large intestine. In humans, the appendix has no clear function. He had to have his appendix out (= removed). A section giving extra information at the end of a book or document Full details are given in Appendix 3.

Answer 13

Phrasal verb crack up (informal) To become ill, either physically or mentally, because of pressure You'll crack up if you carry on working like this. To start laughing a lot He walked in and everyone just cracked up. crack somebody up (informal) To make somebody laugh a lot Gill's so funny, she just cracks me up.

Answer 14

(N.) ``` (also Minister) A senior member of the government who is in charge of a government department or a branch of one the Minister of Education a meeting of EU Foreign Ministers senior ministers in the Cabinet cabinet ministers وزیر ``` A trained religious leader a Methodist minister A person, lower in rank than an ambassador, whose job is to represent their government in a foreign country

Answer 15

(N.) The act of giving up your job or position; the occasion when you do this a letter of resignation There were calls for her resignation from the board of directors. Further resignations are expected. The defeat led to his resignation as team manager A letter, for example to your employers, to say that you are giving up your job or position •to offer/hand in/tender your resignation We haven't received his resignation yet. Patient willingness to accept a difficult or unpleasant situation that you cannot change They accepted their defeat with resignation.

Answer 16

(Adj.) Connected with or typical of the eastern part of the world, especially China and Japan, and the people who live there oriental languages She looks slightly oriental

Answer 17

(N.) entertainment (British English also funfair) (North American English also carnival): A type of entertainment in a field or park at which people can ride on large machines and play games to win prizes Let's take the kids to the fair. all the fun of the fair (North American English): A type of entertainment in a field or park at which farm animals and products are shown and take part in competitions the county/state fair business An event at which people, businesses, etc. show and sell their goods a world trade fair a craft/a book/an antique fair Animal market (British English) (in the past) a market at which animals were sold a horse fair jobs job/careers fair an event at which people who are looking for jobs can get information about companies who might employ them

Answer 18

(V.) haggle (with somebody) (over something): To argue with somebody in order to reach an agreement, especially about the price of something I left him in the market haggling over the price of a shirt. We spent a long time haggling with the authorities over our visas.

Answer 19

(Adv.) Used meaning ‘only’ or ‘simply’ to emphasize a fact or something that you are saying It is not merely a job, but a way of life. He said nothing, merely smiled and watched her. They agreed to go merely because they were getting paid for it. I'm merely stating what everybody knows anyway فقط، صرفا

Answer 20

(V.) To give somebody something that they can use, or some work or responsibility assign something (to somebody) The two large classrooms have been assigned to us. The teacher assigned a different task to each of the children. •assign somebody something We have been assigned the two large classrooms. The teacher assigned each of the children a different task. To provide a person for a particular task or position •assign somebody (to something/as something) They've assigned their best man to the job. •assign somebody to do something British forces have been assigned to help with peacekeeping. assign somebody to somebody/something: To send a person to work under the authority of somebody or in a particular group I was assigned to B platoon. To say that something has a particular value or function, or happens at a particular time or place •assign something to something Assign a different colour to each different type of information. •assign something sth The painting cannot be assigned an exact date. assign something to somebody (law): To say that your property or rights now belong to somebody else The agreement assigns copyright to the publisher. She has assigned the lease to her daughter.

Answer 21

(N.) veterinarian, veterinary surgeon A person who has been trained in the science of animal medicine, whose job is to treat animals who are sick or injured We had to take the dog to the local vet. vet’s (pl. vets) The place where a vet works I've got to take the dog to the vet's tomorrow.

Answer 22

Phrasal verb call somebody/something off To order a dog or a person to stop attacking, searching, etc. call something off To cancel something; to decide that something will not happen •to call off a deal/trip/strike •They have called off their engagement (= decided not to get married). •The game was called off because of bad weather.

Answer 23

(N.) The ability to understand speech and comprehension His behaviour was completely beyond comprehension (= impossible to understand). She had no comprehension of what was involved. An exercise that trains students to understand a language listening comprehension a reading comprehension

Answer 24

(N.) Clothes dressed in formal evening attire

Answer 25

(V.) To fasten something with a chain; to fasten somebody/something to another person or thing with a chain, so that they do not escape or get stolen •chain somebody/something The doors were always locked and chained. •chain somebody/something up The dog was chained up for the night. •chain somebody/something to somebody/something She chained her bicycle to the gate. Four activists chained themselves to construction equipment. (figurative) I've been chained to my desk all week (= because there was so much work).

Answer 26

(N.) The top part of the leg between the knee and the hip The top part of the leg of a chicken, etc., cooked and eaten

Answer 27

(V.) break smash (something): To break something, or to be broken, violently and noisily into many pieces Several windows had been smashed. He smashed the radio to pieces. The glass bowl smashed into a thousand pieces. hit very hard To move with a lot of force against something solid; to make something do this •+ adv./prep. the sound of waves smashing against the rocks The car smashed into a tree. •smash something + adv./prep. Mark smashed his fist down on the desk. To hit something very hard and break it, in order to get through it •smash something + adv./prep. They had to smash holes in the ice. The elephant smashed its way through the trees. •smash something + adj. We had to smash the door open. •+ adv./prep. They had smashed through a glass door to get in. [transitive] smash something/somebody (+ adv./prep.) to hit something/somebody very hard synonym slam He smashed the ball into the goal. destroy/defeat smash something/somebody to destroy, defeat or put an end to something/somebody Police say they have smashed a major drugs ring. She has smashed the world record (= broken it by a large amount). crash vehicle smash something (up): To crash a vehicle He’s smashed (up) his new car. in tennis, etc. smash something: To hit a high ball downwards and very hard over the net

Answer 28

(V.) To formally write or say something, especially in a careful and clear way •state something He has already stated his intention to run for election. The facts are clearly stated in the report. There is no need to state the obvious (= to say something that everyone already knows). •state how, what, etc… State clearly how many tickets you require. •state that… He stated categorically that he knew nothing about the deal. •it is stated that… It was stated that standards at the hospital were dropping. •something is stated to be/have something The contract was stated to be invalid. state something: To fix or announce the details of something, especially on a written document This is not one of their stated aims. You must arrive at the time stated. Do not exceed the stated dose (= of medicine).

Answer 29

(V.) paraphrase (something): To express what somebody has said or written using different words, especially in order to make it easier to understand Try to paraphrase the question before you answer it

Answer 30

(N.) A person who admires people in the higher social classes too much and has no respect for people in the lower social classes She's such a snob! A person who thinks they are much better than other people because they are intelligent or like things that many people do not like •an intellectual snob •a food/wine, etc. snob There is a snob value in driving the latest model

Answer 31

(N.) impulse (to do something): A sudden strong wish or need to do something, without stopping to think about the results He had a sudden impulse to stand up and sing. I resisted the impulse to laugh. Her first impulse was to run away. The door was open and on (an) impulse she went inside. He tends to act on impulse. (specialist) A force or movement of energy that causes something else to react •nerve/electrical impulses The impulse is conducted along the length of the wire. (formal) Something that causes somebody/something to do something or to develop and make progress to give an impulse to the struggling car industry He was motivated by the impulse for social reform.

Answer 32

(V.) To make somebody/yourself believe that something is true •convince somebody/yourself (of something) You'll need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job. •convince somebody/yourself (that)… I’d convinced myself (that) I was right. The experience convinced him that Europe was on the brink of a revolution. convince somebody to do something: To persuade somebody to do something I've been trying to convince him to see a doctor.

Answer 33

(N.) The desire to do or have something that you know is bad or wrong the temptation of easy profits to give way to/yield to temptation I couldn't resist the temptation to open the letter. Don't put temptation in her way by offering her a cigarette. A thing that makes somebody want to do or have something that they know is bad or wrong An expensive bicycle is a temptation to thieves.

Answer 34

(V.) To say that you are annoyed, unhappy or not satisfied about somebody/something •complain (to somebody) (about/of something) I'm going to complain to the manager about this. The defendant complained of intimidation during the investigation. She never complains, but she's obviously exhausted. (informal) ‘How are you?’ ‘Oh, I can't complain (= I'm all right).’ complain (that)… He complained bitterly that he had been unfairly treated. (speech) ‘It's not fair,’ she complained

Answer 35

(V.) To take and then let out a long deep breath that can be heard, to show that you are disappointed, sad, tired, etc. He sighed deeply at the thought. •sigh with something She sighed with relief that it was all over. (speech) To say something with a sigh ‘Oh well, better luck next time,’ she sighed. (especially of the wind) To make a long sound like a sigh the sighing of the wind through the trees branches sighing in the wind

Answer 36

(N.) on letter/package A small piece of paper with a design on it that you buy and stick on an envelope or a package before you post it a 62p stamp Could I have three first-class stamps, please? He has been collecting stamps since he was eight. a stamp album The Post Office has issued a commemorative stamp to mark the event. printing tool A tool for printing the date or a design or mark onto a surface a date stamp printed design/words A design or words made by stamping something onto a surface The passports, with the visa stamps, were waiting at the embassy. (figurative) The project has the government's stamp of approval. proof of payment A small piece of paper with a design on it, stuck on a document to show that a particular amount of money has been paid a TV licence stamp character/quality stamp (of something) (formal): The mark or sign of a particular quality or person All his work bears the stamp of authority. (formal) A kind or class, especially of people men of a different stamp of foot An act or sound of stamping the foot The stamp of hoofs alerted Isabel.

Answer 37

(Adj.) Lacking strength or energy His hand went limp and the knife clattered to the ground. She felt limp and exhausted. His arm hung limp at his side. Not stiff or firm The hat had become limp and shapeless. Her hair looked limp and lifeless.

Answer 38

(V.) To walk slowly around or to a place, often without any particular sense of purpose or direction She wandered aimlessly around the streets. We wandered back towards the car. •wander something The child was found wandering the streets alone. To move away from the place where you ought to be or the people you are with synonym stray •wander away/off The child wandered off and got lost. •wander from/off something They had wandered from the path into the woods. (of a person’s mind or thoughts) To stop being directed on something and to move without much control to other ideas, subjects, etc. synonym drift It's easy to be distracted and let your attention wander. Try not to let your mind wander. •wander away, back, to, etc. something Her thoughts wandered back to her youth. Don’t wander off the subject—keep to the point. (of a person’s eyes) To move slowly from looking at one thing to looking at another thing or in other directions She let her gaze wander. His eyes wandered towards the photographs on the wall. (of a road or river) To curve instead of following a straight course The road wanders along through the hills.

Answer 39

Phrasal verb call somebody out: To ask somebody to come, especially to an emergency •to call out an engineer/a plumber/the troops •to order or advise workers to stop work as a protest call somebody out (on something) (also call somebody on something ): To criticize somebody, especially publicly People were calling him out for his negative comments. Dan called her out on a couple of contradictions in her story.

Answer 40

(N.) A member of one of the middle ranks in the army and the air force, below an officer Sergeant Salter گروهبان (in Britain) A police officer just below the rank of an inspector (in the US) A police officer just below the rank of a lieutenant or captain see also sarge

Answer 41

(V.) To walk somewhere in a slow relaxed way People were strolling along the beach

Answer 42

(V.) To walk using the front parts of your feet only, so that other people cannot hear you I tiptoed over to the window. I let myself in with my key and tiptoed up the stairs. She tiptoed back into the room when he was asleep.

Answer 43

(Adv.) Especially; More than usual or more than others •particularly good/important/useful Traffic is bad, particularly in the city centre. I enjoyed the play, particularly the second half. The lecture was not particularly (= not very) interesting. ‘Did you enjoy it?’ ‘No, not particularly (= not very much).’ مخصوصا

Answer 44

(N.) part of foot The back part of the foot below the ankle part of sock/shoe The part of a sock, etc. that covers the heel The raised part on the bottom of a shoe, boot, etc. that makes the shoe, etc. higher at the back shoes with a low/high heel a stiletto heel The sergeant clicked his heels and walked out. shoes heels [plural]: A pair of women’s shoes that have high heels She doesn't often wear heels. part of hand heel of your hand/palm: The raised part of the inside of the hand where it joins the wrist unpleasant man (old-fashioned, informal) A man who is unpleasant to other people and cannot be trusted

Answer 45

``` (V.) To suggest that something is true or that you feel or think something, without saying so directly •imply (that)… Are you implying (that) I am wrong? •imply something I disliked the implied criticism in his voice. His silence seemed to imply agreement. •it is implied that… It was implied that we were at fault. ``` To make it seem likely that something is true or exists synonym suggest •imply (that)… The survey implies (that) more people are moving house than was thought. •it is implied that… It was implied in the survey that… •imply something The fact that she was here implies a degree of interest. imply something (of an idea, action, etc.) to make something necessary in order to be successful synonym mean The project implies an enormous investment in training. Sustainable development implies a long-term perspective.

Answer 46

(Adj.) (of an answer, a comment, etc.) Too quick, easy or simple; not seeming natural or realistic synonym glib The ending of the novel is a little too pat to be convincing. There are no pat answers to these questions.

Answer 47

(Adj.) Having or expressing a great love of your country a patriotic man who served his country well patriotic songs The party framed its message in unashamedly patriotic language.

Answer 48

(N.) (pl. testimonies) testimony (to something) (formal): A thing that shows that something else exists or is true synonym testament This increase in exports bears testimony to the successes of industry. The pyramids are an eloquent testimony to the ancient Egyptians' engineering skills. A formal written or spoken statement saying what you know to be true, usually in court a sworn testimony Her claim was supported by the testimony of several witnesses. Can I refuse to give testimony?

Answer 49

(Adv.) Over the side of a boat or a ship into the water to fall/jump overboard Huge waves washed him overboard.

Answer 50

Phrasal verb ``` choke up (North American English): To find it difficult to speak, because of the strong emotion that you are feeling She choked up when she began to talk about her mother. ```

Answer 51

(N.) sanction (against somebody): An official order that limits trade, contact, etc. with a particular country, in order to make it do something, such as obeying international law Trade sanctions were imposed against any country that refused to sign the agreement. The economic sanctions have been lifted. (formal) Official permission or approval for an action or a change synonym authorization These changes will require the sanction of the court. Their ideas received official sanction at the meeting. [countable] sanction (against something) a course of action that can be used, if necessary, to make people obey a law or behave in a particular way synonym penalty The ultimate sanction will be the closure of the restaurant. We now have an effective sanction against the killing of whales.

Answer 52

(Adj.) Designed for or used by people who belong to a high social class or have a lot of money

Answer 53

(N.) ``` The money that you pay to travel by bus, plane, taxi, etc. bus/taxi fares train/rail fares Children travel (at) half fare. When do they start paying full fare? ``` A passenger in a taxi The taxi driver picked up a fare at the station. (old-fashioned or formal) Food that is offered as a meal The restaurant provides good traditional fare. (figurative) His student drawings were not standard art school fare.

Answer 54

(V.) Fare well, badly, better, etc.: To be successful/unsuccessful in a particular situation Syn get on The party fared very badly in the last election. The North, by and large, has fared better than most regions in avoiding high unemployment figures

Answer 55

(Adj.) (of a slope, hill, etc.) Rising or falling quickly, not gradually •a steep hill/slope/bank •a steep climb/descent/drop •a steep flight of stairs The path grew steeper as we climbed higher. (of a rise or fall in an amount) Sudden and very big synonym sharp a steep decline in the birth rate a steep rise in unemployment (informal) (of a price or demand) Too much; Unreasonable synonym expensive £2 for a cup of coffee seems a little steep to me. He wants to move in here with us? That’s a bit steep!

Answer 56

(V.) To have a plan, result or purpose in your mind when you do something We finished later than we had intended. •intend to do something: I fully intended (= definitely intended) to pay for the damage. •intend somebody/something to do something: The writer clearly intends his readers to identify with the main character. •intend doing something (British English): I don't intend staying long. •intend something: The company intends a slow-down in expansion. •intend somebody something: He intended her no harm (= it was not his plan to harm her). •it is intended that…: It is intended that production will start next month. •intend that… : We intend that production will start next month. (rather formal) To plan that something should have a particular meaning synonym mean •intend something (by something): What exactly did you intend by that remark? •intend something (as something): He intended it as a joke.

Answer 57

(Adj.) Extremely frightened synonym terrified a petrified expression •petrified (of something): I'm petrified of snakes. They were petrified with fear (= so frightened that they were unable to move or think). •petrified (that…): She was petrified that the police would burst in at any moment. [only before noun] Petrified trees, insects, etc. : Have died and been changed into stone over a very long period of time a petrified forest

Answer 58

(V.) crime: Commit a crime, etc.: To do something wrong or illegal •to commit murder/adultery Most crimes are committed by young men. appalling crimes committed against innocent children suicide: Commit suicide: To kill yourself deliberately promise/say definitely: To promise sincerely that you will definitely do something, keep to an agreement or arrangement, etc. •commit somebody/yourself (to something/to doing something) The President is committed to reforming health care. Borrowers should think carefully before committing themselves to taking out a loan. •commit somebody/yourself to do something Both sides committed themselves to settle the dispute peacefully. •commit yourself (to something) to give an opinion or make a decision openly so that it is then difficult to change it You don't have to commit yourself now, just think about it. be loyal: Commit (to somebody/something): to Be completely loyal to one person, organization, etc. or give all your time and effort to your work, an activity, etc. Why are so many men scared to commit? (= say they will be loyal to one person) money/time: Commit something to spend money or time on something/somebody The council has committed large amounts of money to housing projects. to hospital/prison: Commit somebody to something to order somebody to be sent to a hospital, prison, etc. She was committed to a psychiatric hospital. somebody for trial: Commit somebody to send somebody for trial in court something to memory: Commit something to memory to learn something well enough to remember it exactly She committed the instructions to memory. something to paper/writing: Commit something to paper/writing: To write something down

Answer 59

(V.) Accuse somebody (of something): To say that somebody has done something wrong or is guilty of something •to accuse somebody of murder/theft She accused him of lying. The government was accused of incompetence. (formal) They stand accused of crimes against humanity.

Answer 60

(Adv.) (informal meantime) While something else is happening Bob spent fifteen months alone on his yacht. Ann, meanwhile, took care of the children on her own. (informal meantime) In the period of time between two times or two events The doctor will see you again next week. Meanwhile, you must rest as much as possible. Used to compare two aspects of a situation Stress can be extremely damaging to your health. Exercise, meanwhile, can reduce its effects.

Answer 61

(Adj.) (formal) Under the influence of alcohol or drugs (North American English) He was arrested for DWI (= driving while intoxicated). Intoxicated (by/with something) very excited by something, so that you cannot think clearly intoxicated with success

Answer 62

(Adj.) Unable to understand something or the reason for something synonym baffled She had a puzzled look on her face. Scientists are puzzled as to why the whale had swum to the shore. He looked puzzled so I repeated the question.

Answer 63

(Adj.) Having a normal healthy mind; not mentally ill No sane person would do that. Being able to get out of the city at the weekend keeps me sane. Sensible and reasonable the sane way to solve the problem

Answer 64

(N.) of workers A period of time when an organized group of employees of a company stops working because of a disagreement over pay or conditions the train drivers’ strike a strike by teachers an unofficial/a one-day strike Air traffic controllers are threatening to come out on/go on strike. Half the workforce are now (out) on strike. The train drivers have voted to take strike action. The student union has called for a rent strike (= a refusal to pay rent as a protest). attack A military attack, especially by aircraft dropping bombs an air strike They decided to launch a pre-emptive strike. hitting/kicking An act of hitting or kicking something/somebody His spectacular strike in the second half made the score 2–0. in baseball An unsuccessful attempt to hit the ball in bowling A situation in tenpin bowling when a player knocks down all the pins with the first ball discovery of oil A sudden discovery of something valuable, especially oil bad thing/action (North American English) Strike (against somebody/something) a bad thing or action that damages somebody/something’s reputation The amount of fuel that this car uses is a big strike against it.

Answer 65

(Adj.) Strange or unusual, especially in a way that is unpleasant or worrying a peculiar smell/taste There was something peculiar in the way he smiled. I had a peculiar feeling we'd met before. Her behaviour was a peculiar mixture of the sophisticated and the childlike. He died in very peculiar circumstances. For some peculiar reason, she refused to come inside. The peculiar thing was that no one mentioned her disappearance. They behaved in a very peculiar way. Peculiar (to somebody/something): Belonging or relating to one particular place, situation, person, etc., and not to others a humour that is peculiar to American sitcoms a species of bird peculiar to Asia He has his own peculiar style which you'll soon get used to. the family’s peculiar importance in the affair the peculiar properties of mercury (British English, informal) Slightly ill/sick I don’t think I’ll eat anything—I’m feeling a bit peculiar.

Answer 66

(Adj.) Very surprised synonym amazed The helicopter landed before our astonished eyes. •astonished at/by something/somebody My parents looked astonished at my news. She was quite astonished at his rudeness. •astonished (that)… She seemed astonished (that) I had never been to Paris. •astonished to find/hear/learn/see… He was astonished to learn he'd won the competition.

Answer 67

(N.) (also oak tree) A large tree that produces small nuts called acorns. Oaks are common in northern countries and can live to be hundreds of years old. a gnarled old oak tree forests of oak and pine The hard wood of the oak tree oak beams This table is made of solid oak.

Answer 68

(N.) A plant whose leaves, flowers or seeds are used to flavour food, in medicines or for their pleasant smell. Parsley, mint and oregano are all herbs. a herb garden (specialist) A plant with a soft stem that dies down after flowering

Answer 69

(N.) An investigation of the opinions, behaviour, etc. of a particular group of people, which is usually done by asking them questions A recent survey showed 75% of those questioned were in favour of the plan. The survey revealed that… to conduct/carry out a survey The act of examining and recording the measurements, features, etc. of an area of land in order to make a map or plan of it an aerial survey (= made by taking photographs from an aircraft) a geological survey (British English) An examination of the condition of a house, etc., usually done for somebody who is thinking of buying it a detailed structural survey A general study, view or description of something a comprehensive survey of modern music

Answer 70

(N.) An area of land that is higher than the land around it, but not as high as a mountain a region of gently rolling hills a hill farm/town/fort The house is built on the side of a hill overlooking the river. I love walking in the hills (= in the area where there are hills). A slope on a road Always take care when driving down steep hills. a hill start (= the act of starting a vehicle on a slope)

Answer 71

(Adj.) Hospitable (to/towards somebody) (of a person): Pleased to welcome guests; generous and friendly to visitors synonym welcoming The local people are very hospitable to strangers. He thanked Patricia for being such a hospitable hostess. Having good conditions that allow things to grow; having a pleasant environment a hospitable climate

Answer 72

(Adj.) (of an event) Very frightening and unpleasant, because it involves pain, death, etc. synonym horrible a ghastly crime/murder She woke up in the middle of a ghastly nightmare. (informal) (of an experience or a situation) Very bad; Unpleasant synonym terrible The weather was ghastly. It's all been a ghastly mistake. When she mentioned redundancies, for one ghastly moment, I thought she meant me. ``` (informal) (of a person or thing) That you find unpleasant and dislike very much synonym horrible her ghastly husband This lipstick is a ghastly colour. I look ghastly in red. ``` [not usually before noun] ill/sick or upset synonym terrible I felt ghastly the next day. Do I look as ghastly as I feel? •(literary) very pale in appearance, like a dead person: His face was ghastly white. She had a ghastly pallor.

Answer 73

(V.) Behold somebody/something (old use or literary): To look at or see somebody/something Her face was a joy to behold. They beheld a bright star shining in the sky.

Answer 74

(N.) A cloud of very small drops of water in the air just above the ground, that make it difficult to see The hills were shrouded in mist. Early morning mist patches will soon clear. The origins of the story are lost in the mists of time (= forgotten because it happened such a long time ago). (figurative) She gazed at the scene through a mist of tears.

Answer 75

(N.) A form of air pollution that is or looks like a mixture of smoke and fog, especially in cities attempts to reduce smog caused by traffic fumes

Answer 76

(N.) A machine for taking skiers up a slope so that they can then ski down

Answer 77

(N.) A way of changing the style of your hair by using chemicals to create curls that last for several months to have a perm I’m thinking of having a perm. You’ll just have to let the perm grow out if you don’t like it.

Answer 78

(Adj.) (especially of the weather or a place, but also of people) Too cold to be comfortable It's chilly today. I was feeling chilly. Not friendly The visitors got a chilly reception

Answer 79

(V.) To break open or apart, especially because of pressure from inside; to make something break in this way That balloon will burst if you blow it up any more. The dam burst under the weight of water. Shells were bursting (= exploding) all around us. (figurative) He felt he would burst with anger and shame. a burst pipe •burst something Don't burst that balloon! The river burst its banks and flooded nearby towns. To go or move somewhere suddenly with great force; to come from somewhere suddenly He burst into the room without knocking. The sun burst through the clouds. The words burst from her in an angry rush. •be bursting (with something): to be very full of something; to be very full and almost breaking open The roads are bursting with cars. •to be bursting with ideas/enthusiasm/pride The hall was filled to bursting point. The hall was full to bursting. (informal) I’m bursting (for a pee)! (= I need to use the toilet right now).

Answer 80

(V.) touch gently Stroke something (especially British English): To move your hand gently and slowly over an animal’s fur or hair He's a beautiful dog. Can I stroke him? •stroke something/somebody to move your hand gently over a surface, somebody’s hair, etc. He stroked her hair affectionately. Move something gently stroke something + adv./prep. to move something somewhere with a gentle movement She stroked away his tears. He stroked the ball between the posts. ``` be nice to somebody Stroke somebody (informal, especially North American English): To be very nice to somebody, especially to get them to do what you want ```

Answer 81

(N.) A small lump that grows on a plant and from which a flower, leaf or stem develops the first buds appearing in spring The tree is in bud already. A flower or leaf that is not fully open (North American English, informal) buddy Listen, bud, enough of the wisecracks, OK?

Answer 82

(N.) A container into which people who smoke put ash, cigarette ends, etc. overflowing ashtrays

Answer 83

(N.) A container made of glass, etc., used for holding cut flowers or as a decorative object a vase of flowers

Answer 84

(N.) A plant that grows thickly with several hard stems coming up from the root a rose bush holly bushes A thing that looks like a bush, especially an area of thick hair or fur (also the bush) [uncountable] An area of wild land that has not been cleared, especially in Africa and Australia; in New Zealand an area where the forest has not been cleared

Answer 85

(N.) The hard pointed or curved outer part of a bird’s mouth synonym bill The gull held the fish in its beak. (humorous) A person’s nose, especially when it is large and/or pointed (old-fashioned, British English, slang) A person in a position of authority, especially a judge

Answer 86

(V.) To make a long deep sound because you are annoyed, upset or in pain, or with pleasure synonym moan He lay on the floor groaning. •groan with something: to groan with pain/pleasure •groan at something: We all groaned at his terrible jokes. •groan about something: They were all moaning and groaning (= complaining) about the amount of work they had. (speech) ‘It's a complete mess!’ she groaned. ‘Don’t move me,’ he groaned. To make a sound like a person groaning synonym moan The trees creaked and groaned in the wind.

Answer 87

(N.) A structure through which smoke or steam is carried up away from a fire, etc. and through the roof of a building; the part of this that is above the roof He threw a bit of paper onto the fire and it flew up the chimney. the factory chimneys of an industrial landscape This chimney doesn’t draw very well. factory chimneys belching smoke over the town (specialist) A narrow opening in an area of rock that a person can climb up

Answer 88

(N.) (pl. storeys, stories) A level of a building; a floor the upper/lower storey of the house a single-storey/two-storey building multi-storey -storeyed (British English) (North American English -storied) (in adjectives) (of a building) having the number of levels mentioned a four-storeyed building

Answer 89

(Adj.) (formal) Existing in large quantities; more than enough synonym plentiful Fish are abundant in the lake. We have abundant evidence to prove his guilt.

Answer 90

(V.) When it thunders, there is a loud noise in the sky during a storm To make a very loud deep noise synonym roar A voice thundered in my ear. thundering traffic To move very fast and with a loud deep noise synonym roar Heavy trucks kept thundering past. Thunder something + adv./prep. (informal) To make something move somewhere very fast Essien thundered the ball past the goalie. (literary) To shout, complain, etc. very loudly and angrily thunder (something) He thundered against the evils of television. (speech) ‘Sit still!’ she thundered.

Answer 91

(N.) A black and yellow flying insect that can sting a wasp sting a wasps’ nest

Answer 92

(N.) A straight line going from one side of a circle or any other round object to the other side, passing through the centre the diameter of a tree trunk The dome is 42.3 metres in diameter. (specialist) A measurement of the power of an instrument to magnify something a lens magnifying 300 diameters (= making something look 300 times larger than it really is)

Answer 93

(V.) To take a quick deep breath with your mouth open, especially because you are surprised or in pain •gasp (at something): She gasped at the wonderful view. They gasped in astonishment at the news. (speech) ‘What was that noise?’ he gasped. ``` To have difficulty breathing or speaking •gasp (for something): He came to the surface of the water gasping for air. •gasp (something) (out): She managed to gasp out her name. (speech) ‘Can't breathe,’ he gasped. ``` Be gasping (for something) [intransitive] (British English, informal): To want or need something very badly, especially a drink or a cigarette

Answer 94

(V.) Survey something: To look carefully at the whole of something, especially in order to get a general impression of it synonym inspect The next morning we surveyed the damage caused by the fire. He surveyed himself in the mirror before going out. Survey something: To study and give a general description of something This chapter briefly surveys the current state of European politics. Survey something: To measure and record the features of an area of land, for example in order to make a map or in preparation for building ``` Survey something (British English): To examine a building to make sure it is in good condition Have the house surveyed before you decide whether to buy it. ``` Survey somebody/something to : Investigate the opinions or behaviour of a group of people by asking them a series of questions synonym interview We surveyed 500 smokers and found that over three quarters would like to give up. 87% of the 1 000 companies surveyed employ part-time staff.

Answer 95

(V.) Growl (at somebody/something) (of animals, especially dogs): To make a low sound in the throat, usually as a sign of anger The dog growled at them. To say something in a low angry voice (speech) (at somebody) ‘Who are you?’ he growled at the stranger. •growl something (at somebody): She growled a sarcastic reply.

Answer 96

(N.) A plant grown for its grain that is used to produce the flour for bread, cakes, pasta, etc.; the grain of this plant wheat flour

Answer 97

(Preposition, Adv.) Under or below something else, especially when it is hidden or covered by the thing on top The coin rolled underneath the piano. This jacket's too big, even with a sweater underneath. Used to talk about somebody’s real feelings or character, as opposed to the way they seem to be Underneath her cool exterior she was really very frightened. He seems bad-tempered, but he's very soft-hearted underneath

Answer 98

(N.) A person whose job is to serve and take care of passengers on an aircraft

Answer 99

(N.) A long narrow strip of ground with a hard surface that an aircraft takes off from and lands on The plane taxied along the runway.

Answer 100

(N.) Light fine rain A light drizzle was falling. The forecast for tomorrow is mist and drizzle.

Answer 101

(N.) A sign that shows you what something is like or how a situation is changing The economic indicators are better than expected. These atmospheric waves are a reliable indicator of weather changes. A device on a machine that shows speed, pressure, etc. A depth indicator (British English) (North American English turn signal) (informal blinker North American English, British English) A light on a vehicle that flashes to show that the vehicle is going to turn left or right Her right-hand indicator was flashing.

Answer 102

(Adj.) Feeling annoyed and impatient because you cannot do or achieve what you want It's very easy to get frustrated in this job. His apathy just made her even more frustrated. •frustrated at/with something: They felt frustrated at the lack of progress. (of an emotion) Having no effect; not being satisfied He stamped his foot in frustrated rage. frustrated desires Unable to be successful in a particular career a frustrated artist Not satisfied sexually

Answer 103

``` (N.) A snowstorm with very strong winds blizzard conditions The blizzard struck the north-east yesterday, causing serious damage. a raging/howling blizzard ``` A large quantity of things that may seem to be attacking you a blizzard of documents

Answer 104

(N.) Flock (of something): A group of sheep, goats or birds of the same type Flock (of somebody): A large group of people, especially of the same type a flock of children/reporters They came in flocks to see the procession. (literary) The group of people who regularly attend the church of a particular priest, etc. Small pieces of soft material used for filling cushions, chairs, etc. a flock mattress Small pieces of soft material on the surface of paper or cloth that produce a raised pattern flock wallpaper

Answer 105

(V.) To feel bitter or angry about something, especially because you feel it is unfair •resent something/somebody: I deeply resented her criticism. The children resented the new woman in their father’s life. •resent doing something: He bitterly resents being treated like a child. •resent somebody doing something: She resented him making all the decisions. (formal) She resented his making all the decisions.

Answer 106

(N.) A large cupboard for hanging clothes in which is either a piece of furniture or (in British English) built into the wall a fitted wardrobe The clothes that a person has everything you need for your summer wardrobe The department in a theatre or television company that takes care of the clothes that actors wear

Answer 107

(V.) Endorse something: To say publicly that you support a person, statement or course of action I wholeheartedly endorse his remarks. Members of all parties endorsed a ban on land mines. Endorse something: To say in an advertisement that you use and like a particular product so that other people will want to buy it I wonder how many celebrities actually use the products they endorse. Endorse something: To write your name on the back of a cheque so that it can be paid into a bank account Endorse something: (British English) To record details of a driving offence on somebody’s driving licence You risk having your licence endorsed.

Answer 108

(N.) The soft part of a bed, that you lie on a soft/hard mattress We can sleep on a mattress on the floor. an old bed with a lumpy mattress

Answer 109

(N.) A barrier that is built across a river in order to stop the water from flowing, used especially to make a reservoir (= a lake for storing water) or to produce electricity the Narmada dam in India The dam burst. (specialist) The mother of some animals, especially horses

Answer 110

(N.) something done quickly A dash (for something): An act of going somewhere suddenly and/or quickly When the doors opened, there was a mad dash for seats. a 60-mile dash to safety He jumped off the bus and made a dash for the nearest bar. We waited for the police to leave then made a dash for it (= left quickly in order to escape). An act of doing something quickly because you do not have enough time a last-minute dash to buy presents small amount Dash (of something): A small amount of something that is added to something else Add a dash of lemon juice. The rug adds a dash of colour to the room. The album is a mixture of rock and gospel, with a dash of jazz thrown in. ``` symbol The mark (—) used to separate parts of a sentence, often instead of a colon or in pairs instead of brackets/parentheses ``` race (especially North American English) A race in which the people taking part run very fast over a short distance synonym sprint the 100-meter dash way of behaving (old-fashioned, approving) A way of behaving that combines style, enthusiasm and confidence He brought youthful energy, dash and charisma to the department. part of car (informal) = dashboard

Answer 111

(Adj.) ``` Very pleased a delighted smile •delighted to do something: I'd be absolutely delighted to come. ‘Can you stay for dinner?’ ‘I’d be delighted (to)!’ •delighted that…: I was delighted that you could stay. •delighted by/at something: She was delighted by/at the news of the wedding. •delighted with something: I was delighted with my presents. ```

Answer 112

(N.) An area of a country or town, especially one that has particular features the City of London’s financial district ``` One of the areas which a country, town or state is divided into for purposes of organization, with official boundaries (= borders) a tax/postal district a school district congressional districts district councils ```

Answer 113

(N.) A type of strong material with a hard shiny surface, used for covering floors

Answer 114

(N.) A large impressive house an 18th century country mansion Mansions (British English): Used in the names of blocks of flats 2 Moscow Mansions, Cromwell Road

Answer 115

(V.) To walk with weak unsteady steps, as if you are about to fall synonym totter The injured woman staggered to her feet. He staggered home, drunk. We seem to stagger from one crisis to the next. (figurative) The company is staggering under the weight of a £10m debt. •stagger something: I managed to stagger the last few steps. ``` To shock or surprise somebody very much synonym amaze •stagger somebody: Her remarks staggered me. •it staggers somebody that…: It staggers me that the government is doing nothing about it. ``` Stagger something to: Arrange for events that would normally happen at the same time to start or happen at different times There were so many runners that they had to stagger the start.

Answer 116

(N.) A flash, or several flashes, of very bright light in the sky caused by electricity a flash of lightning a violent storm with thunder and lightning He was struck by lightning and killed. Lightning strikes caused scores of fires across the state.

Answer 117

``` (N.) (especially British English) Things that you throw away because you no longer want or need them a rubbish bag/bin a rubbish dump/heap/tip The streets were littered with rubbish. garden/household rubbish ``` (British English, informal) (also used as an adjective) Something that you think is of poor quality I thought the play was rubbish! Do we have to listen to this rubbish music? They said I was a rubbish boss. ``` (British English, informal) Comments, ideas, etc. that you think are stupid or wrong synonym nonsense Rubbish! You're not fat. You're talking a load of rubbish. It's not rubbish—it's true! ```

Answer 118

(V.) Wrap something (up) (in something): To cover something completely in paper or other material, for example when you are giving it as a present He spent the evening wrapping up the Christmas presents. individually wrapped chocolates To cover something/somebody in material, for example in order to protect it/them wrap A (up) in B: Wrap the meat in foil before you cook it. wrap B round/around A: I wrapped a blanket around the baby. Wrap something around/round something/somebody: To put something firmly around something/somebody A scarf was wrapped around his neck. ``` (computing) To cause text to be carried over to a new line automatically as you reach the end of the previous line; to be carried over in this way wrap something (around/round) How can I wrap the text around? ```

Answer 119

(V.) To think or say that somebody/something is responsible for something bad blame somebody/something (for something) She doesn't blame anyone for her father's death. blame something on somebody/something Police are blaming the accident on dangerous driving.

Answer 120

(V.) Overrate somebody/something: To have too high an opinion of somebody/something; To put too high a value on somebody/something In my opinion, Hirst's work has been vastly overrated.

Answer 121

(V.) To travel in a ship or boat visiting different places, especially as a holiday/vacation •(+ adv./prep.): They cruised down the Nile. •cruise something: We spent two weeks cruising the Bahamas. (of a car, plane, etc.) To travel at a steady speed a light aircraft cruising at 4 000 feet a cruising speed of 50 miles an hour (of a car, etc. or its driver) To drive along slowly, especially when you are looking at or for something She cruised around the block looking for a parking space. Taxis cruised the streets, looking for fares. To win or achieve something easily The home team cruised to victory

Answer 122

(N.) ``` for waste: A place where waste or rubbish/garbage is taken and left a rubbish dump (BrE) a garbage dump (AmE) the municipal dump a toxic/nuclear waste dump ``` (also mine dump): a hill that is formed when waste sand from the production of gold is piled in one place over a period of time dirty place: A dirty or unpleasant place How can you live in this dump? for weapons: A temporary store for military supplies an ammunition dump computing: An act of copying data stored in a computer; a copy or list of the contents of this data waste from body: (slang) An act of passing waste matter from the body through the bowels to have a dump

Answer 123

(V.) Snare something/somebody: To catch something, especially an animal, in a snare synonym trap to snare a rabbit (figurative) Her one thought was to snare a rich husband. (figurative) He found himself snared in a web of intrigue. There is to be a crackdown on the use of giant fishing nets that snare dolphins.

Answer 124

(V.) To make the sound of food frying in hot oil sizzling sausages To be very exciting, especially in a sexual way The screen sizzles whenever she appears on it.

Answer 125

(V.) To put something in liquid for a time so that it becomes completely wet; to become completely wet in this way •soak something (in something) I usually soak the beans overnight. If you soak the tablecloth before you wash it, the stains should come out. •soak (in something) Leave the apricots to soak for 20 minutes. Soak somebody/something: To make somebody/something completely wet synonym drench A sudden shower of rain soaked the spectators. ``` Soak somebody (informal): To obtain a lot of money from somebody by making them pay very high taxes or prices He was accused of soaking his clients. ```

Answer 126

(Adj.) An oblong shape has four straight sides, two of which are longer than the other two, and four angles of 90° (North American English) Used to describe any shape that is longer than it is wide an oblong melon

Answer 127

(Adj.) Completely ridiculous; not logical and sensible synonym ridiculous That uniform makes the guards look absurd. Of course it's not true, what an absurd idea. The absurd: Things that are or that seem to be absurd He has a good sense of the absurd.

Answer 128

(Adv.) ``` (informal) Exactly; completely Our computers are bang up to date. My estimate was bang on target. You’re bang on time, as usual ```

Answer 129

(N.) A piece of cloth that is hung to cover a window to draw/pull/close the curtains (= to pull them across the window so they cover it) to draw/draw back/pull back the curtains (= to open them, so that the window is no longer covered) It was ten in the morning but the curtains were still drawn (= closed) Very thin piece of cloth that you hang at a window, which allows light to enter but stops people outside from being able to see inside A piece of cloth that is hung up as a screen in a room or around a bed, for example a shower curtain A piece of thick, heavy cloth that hangs in front of the stage in the theatre The audience was waiting for the curtain to rise (= for the play to begin). A thing that covers, hides or protects something a curtain of rain/smoke She pushed back the curtain of brown hair from her eyes.

Answer 130

(V.) (informal) To carry something, especially regularly Kids have to tote heavy textbooks around.

Answer 131

(N.) (also basin) (both especially British English) (also sink North American English, British English) (also especially North American English washbowl) A large bowl that has taps/faucets and is fixed to the wall in a bathroom, used for washing your hands and face in

Answer 132

(V.) Promote something: To help something to happen or develop synonym encourage policies to promote economic growth a campaign to promote awareness of environmental issues To help sell a product, service, etc. or make it more popular by advertising it or offering it at a special price The band has gone on tour to promote their new album. The area is being promoted as a tourist destination. To move somebody to a higher rank or more senior job She worked hard and was soon promoted. opposite demote To move a sports team from playing with one group of teams to playing in a better group They were promoted to the First Division last season. opposite relegate

Answer 133

(N.) Baked clay used for building walls, houses and other buildings; an individual block of this The school is built of brick. a pile of bricks a brick wall A plastic or wooden block, used as a toy for young children to build things with (old-fashioned, British English, informal) A friend that you can rely on when you need help Thanks for looking after the children today—you're a real brick.

Answer 134

(N.) The main long thin part of a plant above the ground from which the leaves or flowers grow; a smaller part that grows from this and supports flowers or leaves long, trailing stems of ivy a tall plant with branching stems There are several leaves on each stem. The long thin part of a wine glass between the bowl and the base The thin tube of a tobacco pipe -stemmed (in adjectives) having one or more stems of the type mentioned a long-stemmed rose slender-stemmed wine glasses (grammar) The main part of a word that stays the same when endings are added to it ‘Writ’ is the stem of the forms ‘writes’, ‘writing’ and ‘written’.

Answer 135

(N.) (also round bracket) (also parenthesis North American English or formal) Either of a pair of marks, ( ), placed around extra information in a piece of writing or part of a problem in mathematics Publication dates are given in brackets after each title. Add the numbers in brackets first. (North American English) (especially British English square bracket) Either of a pair of marks, [ ], placed at the beginning and end of extra information in a text, especially comments made by an editor Price, age, income, etc. bracket prices, etc. within a particular range people in the lower income bracket Most of the houses are out of our price bracket. the 30–34 age bracket (= people aged between 30 and 34) A piece of wood, metal or plastic fixed to the wall to support a shelf, lamp, etc.

Answer 136

(V.) To move a liquid or substance around, using a spoon or something similar, in order to mix it thoroughly She stirred her tea. The vegetables are stirred into the rice while it is hot. move: To move, or to make something move, slightly She heard the baby stir in the next room. A slight breeze was stirring the branches. To move, or to make somebody move, in order to do something You haven't stirred from that chair all evening! Come on, stir yourself. You're late! feelings: To make somebody excited or make them feel something strongly a book that really stirs the imagination She was stirred by his sad story. To begin to be felt A feeling of guilt began to stir in her. New optimism was stirring throughout the country. cause trouble Stir (it) (British English, informal, disapproving): To try to cause trouble You're just stirring it!

Answer 137

(Adj.) ``` Extremely large synonym huge, immense an enormous house/dog an enormous amount of time enormous interest The problems facing the President are enormous. ```

Answer 138

(N.) The official set of numbers and letters shown on the front and back of a road vehicle You couldn't see the vehicle's license plate number. The exterior of vehicles.

Answer 139

(N.) A member of the aristocracy At that time, diplomatic posts were filled by aristocrats He had the air of an aristocrat He received the patronage of a minor local aristocrat The castle has been owned by a succession of wealthy aristocrats The owners are French aristocrats who fled to England

Answer 140

(N.) A soft sweet fruit that is full of small seeds and often eaten dried a fig tree انجیر

Answer 141

(N.) A person who works in an office, working for another person, dealing with letters and telephone calls, typing, keeping records, arranging meetings with people, etc. a legal/medical secretary Please contact my secretary to make an appointment. An official of a club, society, etc. who deals with writing letters, keeping records, and making business arrangements the membership secretary Secretary = Secretary of State see also Home Secretary, Permanent Undersecretary (US English) The head of a government department, chosen by the President Secretary of the Treasury (in Britain) An assistant of a government minister, an ambassador, etc

Answer 142

(Adj.) Fit or suitable to be eaten; not poisonous The food at the hotel was barely edible. edible fungi/snails/flowers The vegetables were old but still looked edible.

Answer 143

(N.) ``` A piece of meat or fish that has no bones in it plaice fillets a fillet of cod fillet steak fillet of beef with a red wine sauce ```

Answer 144

(N.) Any animal that eats only plants

Answer 145

(Adj.) Following one after another in a series, without interruption She was absent for nine consecutive days. He is beginning his fourth consecutive term of office. After six consecutive defeats, the team was almost ready to give up. Interest rates rose again for the fifth consecutive month. They achieved their third consecutive year of record sales.

Answer 146

(N.) place Scene (of something): The place where something happens, especially something unpleasant •the scene of the accident/attack/crime Firefighters were on the scene immediately. ``` event Scene (of something): An event or a situation that you see, especially one of a particular type The team's victory produced scenes of joy all over the country. ``` in movie/play, etc. : A part of a film/movie, play or book in which the action happens in one place or is of one particular type The movie opens with a scene in a New York apartment. love/sex scenes One of the small sections that a play or an opera is divided into Act I, Scene 2 of ‘Macbeth’ area of activity: The scene, the… scene: (informal) A particular area of activity or way of life and the people who are part of it After years at the top, she just vanished from the scene. the club/dance/music, etc. scene view: A view that you see a delightful rural scene painting/photograph: A painting, drawing, or photograph of a place and the things that are happening there an exhibition of Parisian street scenes argument: A loud, angry argument, especially one that happens in public and is embarrassing ‘Please leave,’ he said. ‘I don't want a scene.’

Answer 147

(N.) Sweets, Candy, Chocolate, etc. Confectionery is a multimillion-pound business

Answer 148

(N.) (also filbert especially in North American English) The small brown nut of the hazel فندق

Answer 149

(N.) A way of using words that are the opposite of what you mean in order to be unpleasant to somebody or to make fun of them ‘That will be useful,’ she snapped with heavy sarcasm (= she really thought it would not be useful at all). a hint/touch/trace of sarcasm in his voice

Answer 150

(N.) Any animal that eats meat compare herbivore, insectivore, omnivore

Answer 151

(V.) To make sure that something happens or is definite •ensure something The book ensured his success. •ensure somebody something Victory ensured them a place in the final. •ensure (that)… Please ensure (that) all lights are switched off.

Answer 152

(N.) A liquid used for gargling an antiseptic gargle An act of gargling or a sound like that made when gargling to have a gargle with salt water a bellowing gargle of pain

Answer 153

(N.) synonyms: stub A short piece of a cigarette, pencil, etc. that is left when the rest of it has been used The small part of a ticket, cheque, etc. that you keep as a record when you have given the main part to somebody

Answer 154

(N.) (pl. utilities) A service provided for the public, for example an electricity, water or gas supply the administration of public utilities Rescue teams worked desperately to restore utilities in the area shattered by the hurricane. (formal) The quality of being useful synonym usefulness This information is of the highest utility to a historian. (computing) A piece of computer software that performs a particular task

Answer 155

(N.) An animal or a person that eats all types of food, especially both plants and meat

Answer 156

(N.) چای دمی

Answer 157

(N.) A plan that lists all the work that you have to do and when you must do each thing I have a hectic schedule for the next few days. We're working to a tight schedule (= we have a lot of things to do in a short time). Filming began on schedule (= at the planned time). (AmE) = Timetable a train schedule Chinese will be on the school schedule from next year. A list of the television and radio programmes that are on a particular channel and the times that they start The channel's schedules are filled with old films and repeats. A written list of things, for example prices, rates or conditions tax schedules

Answer 158

(Adj.) Of a good enough standard or quality (informal) a decent meal/job/place to live I need a decent night's sleep. (of people or behaviour) Honest and fair; treating people with respect ordinary, decent, hard-working people Everyone said he was a decent sort of guy. Acceptable to people in a particular situation a decent burial That dress isn't decent. (informal) Wearing enough clothes to allow somebody to see you I can't go to the door—I'm not decent.

Answer 159

(N.) A large round container, usually made of wood or metal, with flat ends and, usually, curved sides a beer/wine barrel The contents of or the amount contained in a barrel; a unit of measurement in the oil industry equal to between 120 and 159 litres They got through two barrels of beer. Oil prices fell to $9 a barrel. The part of a gun like a tube through which the bullets are fired Tom found himself looking down the barrel of a gun. The barrel was aimed directly at me.

Answer 160

(V.) To experience a chemical change because of the action of yeast or bacteria, often changing sugar to alcohol; to make something change in this way Fruit juices ferment if they are kept for too long. (figurative) A blend of emotions fermented inside her. •ferment something: Red wine is fermented at a higher temperature than white.

Answer 161

(N.) (formal) Any type of drink except water laws governing the sale of alcoholic beverages Studies on the consumption of various alcoholic beverages have been conducted.

Answer 162

(Adj.) Fully grown and ready to be eaten Pick the tomatoes before they get too ripe. (of cheese or wine) Having a flavour that has fully developed synonym mature Strong and unpleasant Ripe (for something): Ready or suitable for something to happen This land is ripe for development. The conditions were ripe for social change. Reforms were promised when the time was ripe.

Answer 163

(N.) A climbing plant that produces grapes grapes on the vine vine leaves Any climbing plant with long thin stems; one of these stems

Answer 164

(N.) One of a pair of wooden or metal covers that can be closed over the outside of a window to keep out light or protect the windows from damage •to open/close the shutters They explored, throwing open the shutters in each of the big rooms. (British English, figurative) More than 70 000 shopkeepers have been forced to put up the shutters (= close down their businesses) in the past year. The part of a camera that opens to allow light to pass through the lens when you take a photograph the quiet click of the shutter

Answer 165

(N.) The start of an institution, an organization, etc. The club has grown rapidly since its inception in 2007.

Answer 166

(V.) To look for something/somebody •seek something/somebody Drivers are advised to seek alternative routes. •seek for something/somebody They sought in vain for somewhere to shelter. Seek (something): To try to obtain or achieve something to seek funding for a project Highly qualified secretary seeks employment. (= in an advertisement) To ask somebody for something I think it's time we sought legal advice. Seek to do something: To try to do something synonym attempt They quickly sought to distance themselves from the protesters. -seeking: Looking for or trying to get the thing mentioned; the activity of doing this attention-seeking behaviour Voluntary work can provide a framework for job-seeking

Answer 167

(N.) law A formal examination of evidence in court by a judge and often a jury, to decide if somebody accused of a crime is guilty or not She will stand trial/go on trial for fraud. The men were arrested but not brought to trial در دست دادرسی test The process of testing the ability, quality or performance of somebody/something, especially before you make a final decision about them The new drug is undergoing clinical trials. She agreed to employ me for a trial period. in sport A competition or series of tests to find the best players for a sports team or an important event Olympic trials for animals An event at which animals compete or perform horse trials difficult experience An experience or a person that causes difficulties for somebody the trials and tribulations of married life

Answer 168

(V.) The act of allowing somebody to do something, especially when this is done by somebody in a position of authority •permission (for something) You must ask permission for all major expenditure. •permission (for somebody/something) (to do something) The school has been refused permission to expand. An official written statement allowing somebody to do something The publisher is responsible for obtaining the necessary permissions to reproduce illustrations.

Answer 169

(N.) Help or support •technical/economic/military assistance financial assistance for people on low incomes Can I be of any assistance? Despite his cries, no one came to his assistance. He can walk only with the assistance of crutches. •assistance with something She offered me practical assistance with my research. •assistance in doing something/to do something The company provides advice and assistance in finding work.

Answer 170

(N.) ``` All the workers employed in an organization considered as a group medical staff teaching staff We have 20 part-time members of staff. staff members staff development/training a staff restaurant/meeting ``` The people who work at a school, college or university, but who do not teach students students, faculty and staff A group of senior army officers who help a commanding officer a staff officer A long stick used as a support when walking or climbing, as a weapon, or as a symbol of authority A set of five lines on which music is written

Answer 171

(N.) A tool for washing floors that has a long handle with a bunch of thick strings or soft material at the end a mop and bucket I used a mop to clean the floor. A kitchen utensil (= a tool) for washing dishes, that has a short handle with soft material at one end A mass of thick, often untidy, hair a mop of curly red hair

Answer 172

(Adj.) Very dirty and unpleasant filthy rags/streets It's filthy in here! Very rude and offensive and usually connected with sex filthy language/words He's got a filthy mind (= is always thinking about sex). (informal) Showing anger He was in a filthy mood. She has a filthy temper. Ann gave him a filthy look. (British English, informal) (of the weather) Cold and wet Isn't it a filthy day?

Answer 173

(V.) An act of cleaning something using a cloth Can you give the table a quick wipe? A special piece of thin cloth or soft paper that has been treated with a liquid and that you use to clean away dirt and bacteria Remember to take nappies and baby wipes. antiseptic wipe

Answer 174

(N.) A brush on the end of a long handle, used for sweeping floors Grab a broom and let’s clean up. A wild bush with small yellow flowers

Answer 175

(V.) with brush or hand: To clean a room, surface, etc. using a broom Chimneys should be swept regularly. To remove something from a surface using a brush, your hand, etc. She swept the clothes onto the floor and invited him to sit down. move quickly/with force: To move or push somebody/something suddenly and with a lot of force The little boat was swept out to sea. (of weather, fire, etc.) To move suddenly and/or with force over an area or in a particular direction Rain swept in through the broken windows. of a person: To move quickly and/or smoothly, especially in a way that impresses or is intended to impress other people Without another word she swept out of the room. To move something, especially your hand or arm, quickly and smoothly in a particular direction He rushed to greet her, sweeping his arms wide. of feelings: To suddenly affect somebody strongly A wave of tiredness swept over her. of ideas/fashions: To spread quickly Rumours of his resignation swept through the company. look/move over area: To move over an area, especially in order to look for something His eyes swept around the room. touch surface: Sweep something to move, or move something, over a surface, touching it lightly Her dress swept the ground as she walked. hair: To brush, comb, etc. your hair in a particular direction Her hair was swept back from her face. of landscape: To form a long smooth curve The hotel gardens sweep down to the beach. in sport: To win all the games in a series of games against another team or all the parts of a contest New Jersey swept Detroit last season.

Answer 176

(Adj.) Able to say or write clever, amusing things a witty speaker a witty remark

Answer 177

(N.) A question that is difficult to understand, and that has a surprising answer, that you ask somebody as a game Stop talking in riddles (= saying things that are confusing)—say what you mean. to solve the riddle of the Sphinx A mysterious event or situation that you cannot explain synonym mystery the riddle of how the baby died The riddle of his identity was only solved when his brother saw him on TV.

Answer 178

(V.) To risk money on a card game, horse race, etc. •gamble (at/on something) to gamble at cards to gamble on the horses •gamble something (at/on something) I gambled all my winnings on the last race. To risk losing something in the hope of being successful •gamble something (on something) He's gambling his reputation on this deal. •gamble with/on something It was wrong to gamble with our children's future.

Answer 179

(N.) A person who rides horses in races, especially as a job Which jockey will be riding tomorrow?

Answer 180

(N.) (informal ump) (in sports such as tennis and baseball) A person whose job is to watch a game and make sure that rules are not broken The umpire’s decision is final. Taylor was given out by the umpire.

Answer 181

(V.) Tackle something: To make a determined effort to deal with a difficult problem or situation The government is determined to tackle inflation. Tackle somebody (about something): To speak to somebody about a problem or difficult situation synonym confront I tackled him about the money he owed me. Tackle (somebody) (in football (soccer ), hockey, etc.): To try and take the ball from an opponent He was tackled just outside the penalty area. Tackle (somebody) (in rugby or American football): To make an opponent fall to the ground in order to stop them running Tackle somebody: To deal with somebody who is violent or threatening you He tackled a masked intruder at his home.

Answer 182

(N.) The general arrangement, plan, design, etc. of something The format of the new quiz show has proved popular. The shape and size of a book, magazine, etc. They've brought out the magazine in a new format. (computing) The way in which data is stored or held to be worked on by a computer The images are stored in a digital format within the database.

Answer 183

(N.) The ability to see and understand the truth about people or situations a writer of great insight With a flash of insight I realized what the dream Insight (into something): An understanding of what something is like The book gives us fascinating insights into life in Mexico. I hope you have gained some insight into the difficulties we face.

Answer 184

(V.) To give something, especially money or goods, to help somebody/something •contribute something (to/towards something) We contributed £5 000 to the earthquake fund. •contribute (to/towards something) Would you like to contribute to our collection? Do you wish to contribute? Contribute (to something): To be one of the causes of something Medical negligence was said to have contributed to her death. Human error may have been a contributing factor. To increase, improve or add to something •contribute to something Immigrants have contributed to British culture in many ways. •contribute something to something This book contributes little to our understanding of the subject. To write things for a newspaper, magazine, or a radio or television programme; to speak during a meeting or conversation, especially to give your opinion •contribute something (to something) She contributed a number of articles to the magazine. •contribute (to something) He contributes regularly to the magazine ‘New Scientist’. We hope everyone will contribute to the discussion.

Answer 185

(N.) (informal, becoming old-fashioned) A friend We've been pals for years. see also pen pal (informal) Used to address a man in an unfriendly way If I were you, pal, I'd stay away from her!

Answer 186

(V.) ``` Submit something (to somebody/something): To give a document, proposal, etc. to somebody in authority so that they can study or consider it •to submit an application/a claim/a complaint Completed projects must be submitted by 10 March ``` (formal) To accept the authority, control or greater strength of somebody/something; to agree to something because of this synonym give in (to somebody/something), yield She refused to submit to threats. He submitted himself to a search by the guards. Submit that… (law or formal): To say or suggest something Counsel for the defence submitted that the evidence was inadmissible.

Answer 187

(N.) The way in which the parts of something such as the page of a book, a garden or a building are arranged the layout of streets the magazine’s attractive new page layout There is no single correct layout for business letters. Are you familiar with the general layout of the hospital?

Answer 188

(N.) The state of being exact or correct; the ability to do something skilfully without making mistakes They questioned the accuracy of the information in the file. Candidates are judged on technical accuracy as well as artistic expression. She hits the ball with great accuracy.

Answer 189

(N.) One of several parts of which something is made the components of a machine the car component industry Key components of the government’s plan are… Trust is a vital component in any relationship.

Answer 190

(Adj.) Closely connected with the subject you are discussing or the situation you are thinking about a relevant suggestion/question/point Do you have the relevant experience? Send me all the relevant information. •relevant to something/somebody These comments are not directly relevant to this inquiry. opposite irrelevant Relevant (to something/somebody): Having ideas that are valuable and useful to people in their lives and work Her novel is still relevant today. How relevant is religious education to most children?

Answer 191

(N.) An opinion or a judgement about somebody/something that has been thought about very carefully synonym evaluation a detailed assessment of the risks involved The act of judging or forming an opinion about somebody/something written exams and other forms of assessment Objective assessment of the severity of the problem was difficult. An amount that has been calculated and that must be paid a tax assessment

Answer 192

(N.) The act of supplying somebody with something that they need or want; something that is supplied housing provision The government is responsible for the provision of health care. The provision of specialist teachers is being increased. Provision for somebody/something: Preparations that you make for something that might or will happen in the future He had already made provisions for (= planned for the financial future of) his wife and children before the accident. You should make provision for things going wrong. Provisions [plural]: Supplies of food and drink, especially for a long journey We have enough provisions to last us two weeks. A condition or an arrangement in a legal document Under the provisions of the lease, the tenant is responsible for repairs.

Answer 193

(Adj.) Fixed by law; that must be done by law The authority failed to carry out its statutory duties. When you buy foods you have certain statutory rights.

Answer 194

(N.) The sport or activity of travelling in a boat using oars to go rowing

Answer 195

(Adj.) Consisting of pictures of flowers; decorated with pictures of flowers wallpaper with a floral design/pattern a floral dress Made of flowers a floral arrangement/display Floral tributes were sent to the church. a beautiful floral scent

Answer 196

(Adj.) Having pleats a pleated skirt چین‌دار، پلیسه‌دار

Answer 197

(N.) (North American English turtleneck) Clothes A high round collar made when the neck of a piece of clothing is folded over; a piece of clothing with a polo neck a polo-neck sweater You can wear a polo neck with that jacket.

Answer 198

(N.) An opening for the neck in a piece of clothing shaped like the letter V; a piece of clothing with a V-neck a V-neck sweater a navy V-neck

Answer 199

(Adj.) Marked with a pattern of stripes a striped shirt a blue and white striped jacket راه راه

Answer 200

(Adj.) Having a pattern of squares, usually of two colours checked material

Answer 201

(Adj.) With a belt around it a belted jacket

Answer 202

(N.) The part around the neck of a shirt, jacket or coat that usually folds down a coat with a fur collar I turned up my collar against the wind (= to keep warm). He always wears a collar and tie for work. A band of leather or plastic put around the neck of an animal, especially a dog a collar and lead/leash (specialist) A band made of a strong material that is put round something, such as a pipe or a piece of machinery, to make it stronger or to join two parts together

Answer 203

(Adj.) (of clothes) Fitting loosely a baggy T-shirt opposite tight

Answer 204

(V.) Preserve something: To keep a particular quality, feature, etc.; to make sure that something is kept He was anxious to preserve his reputation. She managed to preserve her sense of humour under very trying circumstances. [often passive] To keep something in its original state in good condition •preserve something/somebody a perfectly preserved 14th century house (humorous) Is he really 60? He's remarkably well preserved. •preserve something + adj. This vase has been preserved intact. Preserve something: To prevent something, especially food, from decaying by treating it in a particular way olives preserved in brine Wax polish preserves wood and leather. Preserve somebody/something (from something): To keep somebody/something alive, or safe from harm or danger synonym save The society was set up to preserve endangered species from extinction.

Answer 205

(N.) Meat from a calf (= a young cow)

Answer 206

(N.) A vegetable with long crisp light green stems that are often eaten raw (British English) a stick of celery (North American English) a stalk of celery Chop the celery and add it to the salad. کرفس

Answer 207

(N.) A metal frame for holding the wood or coal in a fireplace A huge log fire was burning in the grate. چهارپایه درون شومینه (also sewer grate) (both US English) (British English drain) A frame of metal bars over the opening to a drain in the ground see also grating در چاه رنده

Answer 208

(N.) ``` A round vegetable with large green, purplish-red or white leaves that can be eaten raw or cooked Do you like cabbage? two cabbages white/red cabbage كلم ```

Answer 209

(N.) A long vegetable with dark green skin and light green flesh, that is usually eaten raw خيار

Answer 210

(N.) A vegetable with large dark green leaves that are cooked or eaten in salads

Answer 211

(N.) A row of bushes or small trees planted close together, usually along the edge of a field, garden/yard or road a privet hedge Hedge against something: A way of protecting yourself against the loss of something, especially money to buy gold as a hedge against inflation

Answer 212

(Adj.) Tired and almost asleep synonym sleepy The tablets may make you feel drowsy. Making you feel relaxed and tired a drowsy afternoon in the sunshine

Answer 213

(N.) A small shallow round dish that a cup stands on; an object that is shaped like this cups and saucers نعلبكى

Answer 214

``` (Adj.) food Not cooked raw meat These fish are often eaten raw. ``` materials In its natural state; not yet changed, used or made into something else raw sugar information Not yet organized into a form in which it can be easily used or understood This information is only raw data and will need further analysis. emotions/qualities Powerful and natural; not controlled or trained songs full of raw emotion He started with nothing but raw talent and determination. part of body Red and painful because the skin has been damaged There were raw patches on her feet where the shoes had rubbed. His throat was raw and painful. The skin on her feet had been rubbed raw. person New to a job or an activity and therefore without experience or skill a raw beginner raw recruits (= for example, in the army) weather Very cold a raw north wind It had been a wet raw winter. description Honest, direct and sometimes shocking a raw portrayal of working-class life (AmE) raw language (= containing many sexual details)

Answer 215

(V.) walk/climb To move quickly, especially with difficulty, using your hands to help you synonym clamber She managed to scramble over the wall. He scrambled up the cliff and raced towards the car. push/fight To push, fight or compete with others in order to get or to reach something •scramble for something The audience scrambled for the exits. •scramble to do something Shoppers were scrambling to get the best bargains. achieve something with difficulty To manage to achieve something with difficulty, or in a hurry, without much control Cork scrambled a 1–0 win over Monaghan. Rooney managed to scramble the ball into the net. eggs To cook an egg by mixing the white and yellow parts together and heating them, sometimes with milk and butter scrambled eggs telephone/radio To change the way that a telephone or radio message sounds so that only people with special equipment can understand it scrambled satellite signals confuse thoughts To confuse somebody’s thoughts, ideas, etc. so that they have no order Alcohol seemed to have scrambled his brain. aircraft To order that planes, etc. should take off immediately in an emergency; to take off immediately in an emergency A helicopter was scrambled to help rescue three young climbers. They scrambled as soon as the call came through.

Answer 216

(Adj.) (of food, especially bread and cake) No longer fresh and therefore unpleasant to eat (of air, smoke, etc.) No longer fresh; smelling unpleasant stale cigarette smoke stale sweat Something that is stale has been said or done too many times before and is no longer interesting or exciting stale jokes Their marriage had gone stale. A person who is stale has done the same thing for too long and so is unable to do it well or produce any new ideas After ten years in the job, she felt stale and needed a change. The cast is changed regularly to stop the actors from getting stale.

Old Flashcards

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