Economy and society 1

Question 1

who developed the Russian textiles industry?

Answer 1

Ludwig loop from Manchester

Question 2

what did the Nobel brothers do?

Answer 2

invested in oil wells in Baku

Question 3

what did JJ Hughes do?

Answer 3

established the New Russian coal, iron and railmaking company

Question 4

What was the settlement around Hughes smelting works called. what was its population?

Answer 4

Donetsk, 2 million

Question 5

what was the increase in the amount of railway opened under Alexander II?

Answer 5

seven-fold

Question 6

how much railway track was opened in 1862?

Answer 6

2194 miles

Question 7

By 1878 how many miles of railway track had been opened?

Answer 7

13979

Question 8

who was Alexander II’s finance minister

Answer 8

Reutern

Question 9

how much did Russia’s economy grow under Reutern?

Answer 9

6% a year

Question 10

By 1880, how much of Russian railways were owned by private companies?

Answer 10

94%

Question 11

Who was Alexander III’s finance minister’s?

Answer 11

Nikolay Bunge (1882-1886)
vyshnegradskii (1887-1892)

Question 12

when was the unfair salt tax abolished?

Answer 12

1881

Question 13

when was the unfair poll tax abolished

Answer 13

1886

Question 14

when was the peasant land bank set up?

Answer 14

1883

Question 15

what did the peasant land bank do?

Answer 15

it lent money to peasants at a very cheap rate so they could buy land

Question 16

what did the government begin to do (Alexander III)

Answer 16

buy back the railways

Question 17

When is Bunge sacked as finance minister?

Answer 17

after the rouble collapsed in the mid-1880’s

Question 18

when was the medel’ev tariff introduced?

Answer 18

1891

Question 19

what did the medele’ev tariff allow Russia to do?

Answer 19

make money by exporting grain

Question 20

what was the medele’ev tariff responsible for?

Answer 20

1891 famine which killed 500000 people

Question 21

in 1893 (Nicholas II), who dominated the economy?

Answer 21

the peasantry

Question 22

when was Witte in power as finance minister?

Answer 22

1893-1903

Question 23

what was Witte the first finance minister to do?

Answer 23

show total commitment to industrialisation, this was known as the great spurt

Question 24

when was the rouble placed on the gold standard?

Answer 24

1897

Question 25

what happened to coal production under Nicholas II?

Answer 25

it doubled

Question 26

what happened to iron and steel production under Nicholas II?

Answer 26

it increased seven-fold

Question 27

how many miles of railway were opened in 1891?

Answer 27

17264

Question 28

how many miles of railway were opened in 1901

Answer 28

31125

Question 30

what did Russia's GDP grow at per year under Witte?

Answer 30

7.5%

Question 31

what happens after 1905 regarding the economy?

Answer 31

Witte and stolypin worked together to improve the economy

Question 32

from 1909 to 1913 how much did Russia's GNP grow?

Answer 32

3.5% every year

Question 33

what happens to the economy during WW1?

Answer 33

the economy collapses

Question 34

how much money did the government spend on war in 1913?

Answer 34

1.5 billion roubles

Question 35

how much did WW1 cost in 1916?

Answer 35

3 billion roubles

Question 36

how much did prices rise between 1914-1917?

Answer 36

400%

Question 37

what did the railways being badly run do?

Answer 37

caused food and weapon shortages

Question 38

when was state capitalism introduced? (lenin)

Answer 38

november 1917

Question 39

what did state capitalism do?

Answer 39

dealt with economic problems caused by ww1, it was the state completely taking over the economy until it can be handed over to the proletariat

Question 40

when was the formation of the SEC (supreme economic council)

Answer 40

December 1917

Question 40

what did the SEC do?

Answer 40

all businesses that employed 10 or more workers were nationalised without compensation

Question 40

how many nationalised businesses were there by 1920?

Answer 40

30000

Question 40

what did the civil war do to the Russian economy?

Answer 40

destroyed it

Question 41

how did coal production change during the civil war?

Answer 41

it was 29 million tonnes in 1913, but 8.9 million tonnes in 1921

Question 41

what happened to the value of the rouble in the civil war?

Answer 41

in 1920 the rouble was worth 1% of what it was in 1917

Question 41

by 1921 how were wages paid? (how much of the wages were payed like this?)

Answer 41

in kind, 90%

Question 41

what caused starvation in rural areas during the civil war?

Answer 41

the food was forcibly taken from the countryside by the cheka and given to the proletariat and the red army

Question 42

what made Lenin realise that things had to change in the economy

Answer 42

the krondstadt rising (sailors mutiny) in 1921

Question 42

What did the NEP lead to?

Answer 42

a new class of entrepreneur known as NEPmen who were responsible for 60% of trade

Question 43

under stalin, who set the targets for the five year plans?

Answer 43

the state planning department (gosplan)

Question 43

when was the first five year plan announced?

Answer 43

1928

Question 43

what happened to the first five year plan?

Answer 43

it was scrapped in 1932

Question 44

what did the five year plans focus on?

Answer 44

heavy industry not consumer products

Question 45

what happens to consumer industries?

Answer 45

they vanish as small workshops disappeared

Question 46

how did oil change due to five year plans?

Answer 46

in 1928 it was 11.6 million tonnes, by 1940, it was 48.3 million tonnes

Question 47

how did coal change due to stalin's five year plans?

Answer 47

in 1928 it was 35.5 million tonnes, in 1944 it was 166 million tonnes

Question 48

how did the amount of tractors change due to the five year plans?

Answer 48

in 1928 there were 1300, and in 1940 there was 31000

Question 49

why were the figures from the five year plans unreliable?

Answer 49

they were often made up by regional directors to avoid being executed

Question 50

what did khrushchev do with the five year plans?

Answer 50

he continued them but focused more on new industries such as plastics and consumer goods

Question 51

by 1964, what happened with washing machines?

Answer 51

1 in 77 russians owned a washing machine (in 1955 it was 1 in 1000)

Question 52

by 1964 what happened with fridges?

Answer 52

4 in 100 owned a washing machine

Question 53

what did the fifth five year plan do?

Answer 53

wasted a lot of money on a hydroelectric scheme that failed