Economy and society 6 Flashcards
food and famine (20 cards)
who did Alexander II give power to deal with famines?
the zemstva
how many deaths did the 1867-68 famine in the volga region of Russia cause?
1.2-1.5 million deaths
how many deaths were caused by the 1891 famine?
350000
how did Alexander III deal with famines?
he banned exports of grain and set up a special relief lottery
what did the government blame the 1891 famine on?
the peasants poor farming techniques, but it was actually the medele’ev tariff
what did the 1901-1902 famine lead to?
malnutrition and starvation, a rise in disease, and a rise in peasant unrest
how long were the bread queues in st petersburg under nicholas II
8 hours
what happened when the railways were taken over by the military?
food shipments were left to rot
how did the bolsheviks take advantage of the situation under nicholas II?
they offered ‘peace, land, bread’
who were blamed for food shortages in 1918 under lenin
the kulaks
what did Lenin order the cheka to do?
requisition any food surplus, and in 1920, they had to seize all food surplus
how many died in the 1920-21 famine?
5 million
what was the 1920-21 famine caused by?
grain requisitioning and the railways being unreliable due to the civil war
what did famine do to the Ukraine under Lenin?
food production fell by 20% and there were cases of cannibalism
when was grain requisitioning re-introduced by Stalin?
1928
what method did stalin use to reintroduce grain requisitioning?
the ural-siberian method where the peasants were rewarded for informing on their neighbours
how many were killed in the 1932-1934 famine?
7 million
what happened to many animals on collectivised farms?
they froze to death
by the late 1930’s what had happened to meat and fish consumption?
it had fallen by 80%
how many were killed by food riots at novocherkassk in 1963?
23
