The nature of government 4

Question 1

what did Alexander II replace the Third section with? when?

Answer 1

the ‘softer’ Okhrana in 1880

Question 2

how many unsuccessful attempts were there on Alexander II’s life?

Answer 2

5

Question 3

how many people were killed by a bomb that went off in the winter palace? when?

Answer 3

11, in 1880

Question 4

when was Alexander II assassinated? by who?

Answer 4

1881, by the people’s will

Question 5

what did Alexander III do with the Okhrana?

Answer 5

he increased their power do that they could infiltrate dissident groups

Question 6

what did Alexander III give the Okhrana the power to do?

Answer 6

exile dissidents

Question 7

when was the people’s will disbanded?

Answer 7

1884

Question 8

when did the Okhrana uncover a plot to assassinate Alexander III?

Answer 8

1887

Question 9

how many were executed for the plot to assassinate Alexander III?

Answer 9

5, including Lenin’s brother

Question 10

when did the Okhrana become less prominent under Alexander III, why?

Answer 10

in 1890’s, as there was less need for them

Question 11

give an example of the increase in political violence under Nicholas II

Answer 11

3000 murdered by dissidents between 1905-1907

Question 12

when was Stolypin (prime minister) assassinated?

Answer 12

1911

Question 13

when was the grand duke Sergei assassinated?

Answer 13

1905

Question 14

what did the Okhrana successfully do under Nicholas II?

Answer 14

infiltrate dissident groups, but they had little power over their informers. Stolypin’s assassin, Bogrov, was an Okhrana informer

Question 15

after 1905, what were the Okhrana given the power to do?

Answer 15

execute without trial

Question 16

when did the provisional government abolish the Okhrana?

Answer 16

1917

Question 17

what was set up to arrest people undermining the war effort under the provisional government?

Answer 17

The counter espionage bureau of the Petrograd military soviet

Question 18

how did the cheka victimise people under Lenin?

Answer 18

based on who they were (kulaks, political opponents) not on what they had done

Question 19

what did the Cheka implement during the Civil war?

Answer 19

the red terror

Question 20

What was the red terror?

Answer 20

the implementation of war communism , the elimination of kulaks, and the enforcement of conscription

Question 21

how many people did the Cheka execute per year between 1917-1922?

Answer 21

28000

Question 22

when were the Cheka disbanded? what replaced them?

Answer 22

1922, replaced with the GPU

Question 23

what did the GPU become? when?

Answer 23

OGPU 1924

Question 24

what did Stalin set up to combat opposition to his personal dictatorship?

Answer 24

NKVD

Question 25

which high ranking officials were executed by the NKVD?

Answer 25

Bukharin, Kamenev, Zinoviev

Question 26

which 2 leaders of the NKVD were executed, when?

Answer 26

Yagoda was executed in 1938, his replacement, Yezhov was executed in 1940

Question 27

how many did the NKVD send to the gulags?

Answer 27

40 million

Question 28

when was the NKVD purged?

Answer 28

1938

Question 29

how many were executed when the NKVD was purged?

Answer 29

20,000

Question 30

when did the NKVD become the NKGB?

Answer 30

1943

Question 31

when did the NKGB split in 2, what did it become?

Answer 31

1946, it became the MGB and MVD

Question 32

when was the MGB merged into the MVD?

Answer 32

1953

Question 33

what did Khrushchev do with the KGB? What did this mean?

Answer 33

put under party control, this meant it would be more difficult to implement Stalinist style terror

Question 34

when were the gulags shut down?

Answer 34

1955

Question 35

by 1960, how many political prisoners were left in the gulags?

Answer 35

11000

Question 36

how many died in the Hungarian uprising?

Answer 36

3000