The nature of government 1 Flashcards
Ideologies (25 cards)
What slogan did all Tsars use?
‘orthodoxy, autocracy, nationality’
When did Alexander ease censorship?
1865
why did easing censorship cause problems for the tsar?
it meant he could be criticised
when were the zemstva created?
1864
What did the creation of the zemstva do?
it removed power from the tsar and gave it to the people
what did Alexander III blame his fathers death on?
his liberal reforms
when were land captains introduced?
1889
what did the land captains do?
assert authority over the zemstva
what was the reversal of Alexander II’s reforms known as?
the ‘reaction’
when did Alexander III give the Okhrana more powers?
1881
give an example of the opposition movements which were suppressed
the people’s will
when was the october manifesto launched?
1905
why was October manifesto launched?
it was forced on Nicholas after the loss of the Russo Japanese war
what kinds of civil rights did the october manifesto gove?
freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, freedom of association and freedom of conscience
when were the fundamental laws issued?
1906
what did the fundamental laws do?
reinforced autocracy and limited reforms promised in the October manifesto
what did law 5 of the fundamental laws state?
‘supreme autocratic power belongs to the emperor of Russia’
what did Karl marx argue about the end of communism
he said that it would be a ‘dictatorship of the proletariat’ this meant that the workers would have the power
what was lenin’s argument about Marx’s idea?
that the dictatorship of the proletariat couldnt happen at the moment as the workers wouldn’t know how to run the country, so for it to happen there needed to be a dictatorship of the Bolsheviks
what was marxism leninism?
it was lenin’s interpretation of marxismand argued that the bolsheviks needed to rule on behalf of the workers
what did stalin create in his expansion of marxism leninism?
Marxism-Leninism-Stalinism
what did marxism leninism stalinism argue
that you need a cult of personality
what did stalin introduce?
a command economy (completely controlled by the state)
how did Khrushchev rule?
through collective leadership within the USSR from 1953-55
