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ANS 328- Nutrition > end exam 3 > Flashcards

end exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

where does cholesterol synthesis occur

A

all nucleated cells

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2
Q

where is cholesterol found

A

lipoproteins

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3
Q

what are the 2 major sites of cholesterol synthesis

A

liver and intestines

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4
Q

why are fats and oils fed

A

to increase palatability and reduce dust

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5
Q

what is fat

A

animal byproduct

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6
Q

what are types of fat

A

tallow- beef or lamb fat
lard- swine
grease- from restaurant

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7
Q

what is oil

A

plant products or marine products

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8
Q

define rancidity

A

oxygen reacts with bonds of FAs which give a strong odor
very toxic

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9
Q

how much fat/oil is usually fed

A

3-5%

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10
Q

what does a non-ruminant diet cause

A

high fat in swine and poultry

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11
Q

why are ruminants less tolerable to fats

A

because they contain PUFAs

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12
Q

where does carbohydrate digestion occur

A

the rumen

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13
Q

what do microbes in the rumen do

A

digest carbs into VFAs

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14
Q

what are the 3 VFAs

A

acetate, propiante, and butyrate

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15
Q

where are VFAs transported to

A

through the rumen wall, to the hepatic portal system, and then to the liver

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16
Q

what is the fate of acetate

A

acetyl CoA
FA synthesis
energy in the CAC

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17
Q

what is the fate of propionate

A

succinyl CoA
glucose for gluconeogenesis
energy to produce ATP

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18
Q

whatis the fate of butyrate

A

B-hydroxybutyrate
energy
a ketone body

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19
Q

what are roughages

A

bulky, high in fiber, low in energy

20
Q

what are types of roughages

A

pasture
hay
silage
crop residue
byproducts

21
Q

what are proteins in roughages

A

amino acids
nitrates
ammonia

22
Q

what vitamins are in roughages

A

B vitamins

23
Q

what do minerals depend on

A

the plant species and soil content

24
Q

what minerals are in legumes

A

Ca and Mg are high

25
Q

what minerals are low in legumes and grasses

A

P

26
Q

what minerals are high in forages

A

K

27
Q

what are cool season grasses

A

timothy
orchard grass
tall fescue
rye grass

28
Q

define fescue toxicity

A

fescue is contaminated with ergot

29
Q

define summer fescue toxicity

A

heat stress, rough hair coat

30
Q

define fat necrosis

A

hard clumps of fat constrict internal organs

31
Q

what are warm season grasses

A

bermuda
bahiagrass

32
Q

describe legumes

A

rhizobia bacteria associates with the roots and forms nodules
superior in protein, energy, Ca and Mg

33
Q

what do legumes do

A

fix N in the atmosphere
convert to nitrates and incorporates into plants
increases CP

34
Q

what are the types of legumes

A

alfalfa
red clover
white clover
alsike clover
sweet clover

35
Q

define sweet clover disease

A

reduces blood cloting

36
Q

what is an extensive grazing system

A

rangelands, low upkeep

37
Q

what is intensive grazing systems

A

high density animal:land, pastures are fenced and managed

38
Q

define continuous grazing systems

A

animals remain in one pasture
least cost and labor
pasture can not regrow

39
Q

define strip grazing

A

animals are placed in a new strip every day
most cost/labor
pasture can rest and regrow

40
Q

define rotational grazing

A

pasture is divided and animals move every few days
mid-cost and labor
pasture can rest and regrow

41
Q

what is the moisture of hay

A

less than 15%

42
Q

which portion of the plant has the most nutrients? the most fiber?

A

leafy portion
stems

43
Q

when is hay harvested

A

at early flower/bloom

44
Q

what is silage created by

A

the anaerobic fermentation of carbs

45
Q

what is the DM level of silage

A

25-35%

ANS 328- Nutrition (15 decks)

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