end exam 3 Flashcards
where does cholesterol synthesis occur
all nucleated cells
where is cholesterol found
lipoproteins
what are the 2 major sites of cholesterol synthesis
liver and intestines
why are fats and oils fed
to increase palatability and reduce dust
what is fat
animal byproduct
what are types of fat
tallow- beef or lamb fat
lard- swine
grease- from restaurant
what is oil
plant products or marine products
define rancidity
oxygen reacts with bonds of FAs which give a strong odor
very toxic
how much fat/oil is usually fed
3-5%
what does a non-ruminant diet cause
high fat in swine and poultry
why are ruminants less tolerable to fats
because they contain PUFAs
where does carbohydrate digestion occur
the rumen
what do microbes in the rumen do
digest carbs into VFAs
what are the 3 VFAs
acetate, propiante, and butyrate
where are VFAs transported to
through the rumen wall, to the hepatic portal system, and then to the liver
what is the fate of acetate
acetyl CoA
FA synthesis
energy in the CAC
what is the fate of propionate
succinyl CoA
glucose for gluconeogenesis
energy to produce ATP
whatis the fate of butyrate
B-hydroxybutyrate
energy
a ketone body
what are roughages
bulky, high in fiber, low in energy
what are types of roughages
pasture
hay
silage
crop residue
byproducts
what are proteins in roughages
amino acids
nitrates
ammonia
what vitamins are in roughages
B vitamins
what do minerals depend on
the plant species and soil content
what minerals are in legumes
Ca and Mg are high
