quiz 7

Question 1

what are the 4 dietary lipids?

Answer 1

TAG
FSV
Cholesterol and CEs
phospholipids (PL)

Question 2

describe TAG digestion in the stomach

Answer 2

TAG clumps together in the stomach and the exterior is digested by gastric lipase.
it removes one FA to create DAG.

Question 3

describe TAG digestion in the small intestine

Answer 3

cck is secreted when chyme enters
the pancrease releases pancreatic lipase and colipase, which acts on the gallbladder to secrete bile

Question 4

what are the lipids broken down into

Answer 4

emulsification droplets

Question 5

describe emulsification droplets

Answer 5

lipids make up the center and bile salts make up the exterior

Question 6

what binds to the droplet? why

Answer 6

pancreatic colipase, so lipase can access the lipids

Question 7

what does pancreatic lipase remove

Answer 7

2 FAs from TAG and 1 FA from DAG

Question 8

what is the end product of TAG digestion

Answer 8

MAGs and FAs, which need to get absorbed

Question 9

what do droplets become after absorption

Answer 9

bile salts micelles

Question 10

how are the products of digestion transported to the ER

Answer 10

fatty acid binding proteins

Question 11

define reesterification

Answer 11

fatty acids recombining with MAGs

Question 12

describe chylomicrons

Answer 12

what TAGs are packaged in
help with lipid transport

Question 13

where do lipids first enter after the small intestine?

Answer 13

the lymphatic system

Question 14

what are TAGs broken down to in the ruminant

Answer 14

1 glycerol and 3 FAs

Question 15

what is glycerol converted to

Answer 15

VFAs

Question 16

why is too much fat a problem

Answer 16

it can be toxic to animals

Question 17

why are PUFAs more toxic

Answer 17

they contain double bonds

Question 18

define bihydrogenation

Answer 18

removes double bonds in PUFAs

Question 19

FAs can/can not cross the brush border

Answer 19

can

Question 20

can lipid transport freely occur?

Answer 20

no

Question 21

describe very low density lipoproteins

Answer 21

instead of going to the lymphatic system, it goes to the liver

Question 22

what makes up density

Answer 22

lipid:protein

Question 23

define apolipoproteins

Answer 23

proteins associated with lipoproteins

Question 24

what are the functions of lipoproteins

Answer 24

structural, cofactor for enzymes, and/or ligands for receptors

Question 25

what does apoB100 do

Answer 25

acts as a ligand

Question 26

what does apoE do

Answer 26

acts as a structure and cofactor

Question 27

what does apoC2 do

Answer 27

acts as a cofactor

Question 28

what does chylomicron contain

Answer 28

apoB48

Question 29

what does chylomicron react with in the bloodstream

Answer 29

apoC2

Question 30

what does chylomicron do

Answer 30

binds to enzymes in the capillary walls and releases lipids

Question 31

what is chylomicron a cofactor for

Answer 31

lipoprotein lipase

Question 32

what are lipoprotein lipases broken down into

Answer 32

glycerol and FAs

Question 33

where does glycerol go

Answer 33

the liver

Question 34

where do FAs go

Answer 34

into tissue for energy or storage

Question 35

what happens when 80% of the TAGs are released

Answer 35

apoC2 dissociates from chylomicrons

Question 36

define chylomicron remnant

Answer 36

what remains when apoC2 dissociates from chylomicrons

Question 37

when does chylomicron remnant get removed from the bloodstream

Answer 37

when apoB48 binds to the receptor on liver cells

Question 38

what do VLDLs use

Answer 38

apoB100 and apoE

Question 39

what do VLDLs associate with in the bloodstream

Answer 39

apoC2

Question 40

how many TAGs are initially released with VLDLs

Answer 40

50%

Question 41

what is created when apoC2 is dissociated from VLDL

Answer 41

intermediate density lipoprotein

Question 42

what do IDLs become

Answer 42

LDLs

Question 43

what does LDL transfer

Answer 43

cholesterol from the liver into the body

Question 44

what do LDLs use for transferring

Answer 44

apoB100

Question 45

describe the LDL steps

Answer 45

travels through the bloodstream binds to apoB100 on capillary walls cholesterol is diffused into tissues

Question 46

how long to LDLs stay in circulation

Answer 46

2 days

Question 47

where do LDLs go when cholesterol is absorbed

Answer 47

back to the liver

Question 48

what do HDLs do

Answer 48

the reverse of cholesterol transport: transport cholesterol from tissue using apoA1

Question 49

what are the steps of HDLs

Answer 49

binds to apoA1 receptors on capillary walls cholesterol is desorbed from tissue returns to liver with cholesterol

Question 50

what are the 4 roles of lipid metabolism

Answer 50

energy source structural components lubricants signaling molecules

Question 51

what are the only two places that synthesize fat

Answer 51

adipose tissue and the liver