quiz 10 (final quiz!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)

Question 1

define dynamic protein turnover

Answer 1

continual degradation and resynthesizing of bodily proteins

Question 2

what can amino acids be used for

Answer 2

protein synthesis, oxidation, or non-protein metabolites

Question 3

is dynamic protein turnover accurate

Answer 3

no

Question 4

describe protein synthesis

Answer 4

DNA is transcribed to RNA
RNA is translated to protein

Question 5

define intracellular proteases

Answer 5

breaks down proteins marked for degradation, which occurs in all cells

Question 6

where does amino acid oxidation occur

Answer 6

liver

Question 7

can amino acids be completely broken down

Answer 7

yes

Question 8

define ketogenic. what aminos are ketogenic?

Answer 8

oxidized to acetyl CoA, ketone bodies, or FA synthesis
lysine and leucine

Question 9

define glycogenic. what aminos are glycogenic?

Answer 9

oxidized to glycolytic or CAC intermediates
Glycine, serine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine, valine, methionine, histidine, and arginine

Question 10

what amino acids are both keto and glyco

Answer 10

isoleucine phenylalanine lyrosine and tryptophan

Question 11

describe ammonia

Answer 11

pulled off amino acid and excreted through fish gills

Question 12

describe urea

Answer 12

safer nitrogen product secreted by mammals
stored with water

Question 13

describe uric acid

Answer 13

secreted by birds
entire molecule

Question 14

describe nitric oxide

Answer 14

synthesized from arginine
increased blood flow and helps with infection

Question 15

describe creatine

Answer 15

synthesized from arginine
found in muscle, stores ATP, and binds with phosphate to create ATP

Question 16

describe choline

Answer 16

synthesized from serine
needed for muscle contractions

Question 17

describe histamine

Answer 17

synthesized from histidine
increased membrane permeability

Question 18

describe tourine

Answer 18

synthesized from cysteine
not found in cats

Question 19

describe glutathione

Answer 19

synthesized from cysteine
antioxidant properties

Question 20

describe CoA

Answer 20

synthesized from cysteine
oxidizes fatty acids

Question 21

describe thyroid hormone

Answer 21

synthesized from tyrosine
stimulates metabolism

Question 22

describe NAD

Answer 22

synthesized from tryptophan

Question 23

describe melatonin

Answer 23

synthesized from tryptophan
helps with sleeping and circadian rhythm

Question 24

describe carnitine

Answer 24

synthesized from lysine
transports FAs for B-oxidation

Question 25

how much protein is needed for protein sources

Answer 25

20%+

Question 26

define oilseed meals

Answer 26

byproducts of vegetable oil production

Question 27

what does less energy in feedstuff allow for

Answer 27

more protien

Question 28

what are the 3 deleterious factors of soybean meal

Answer 28

protease inhibitors lectins goitrogens

Question 29

define protease inhibitors

Answer 29

stops protein digestion and causes enlarged pancreas

Question 30

define lectins

Answer 30

binds to carbs on brush boarder which causes digestive disturbances

Question 31

define goitrogens

Answer 31

inhibits thyroid hormone production causes goiter (enlarged thyroid)

Question 32

what is the CP of soybean meal

Answer 32

44-50%

Question 33

what animal is cottonseed meal most often fed to

Answer 33

ruminants

Question 34

what does cottonseed meal cause

Answer 34

gossypol

Question 35

define gossypol

Answer 35

binds to iron, reduces feed intake and growth, damages heart, lungs, and liver, causes anemia and green egg yolks

Question 36

describe cyclopropene FAs

Answer 36

inhibit desaturase enzymes and causes hard body fat

Question 37

what are animal protein sources

Answer 37

byproducts from the slaughter house, like meat, bone and blood meal

Question 38

what does animal protein sources contain

Answer 38

B12

Question 39

what are major concerns with animal protein sources

Answer 39

E.coli and salmonella

Question 40

define nonprotein nitrogen

Answer 40

converted to ammonia in rumen

Question 41

what can a toxic amount of NPN cause

Answer 41

neurological disorders, like labored breathing, slobbering, and incoordination

Question 42

define biuret

Answer 42

1-2 urea condensed together, allowing for a more slow conversion to ammonia

Question 43

how long must ruminants be fed biuret before they are able to digest it

Answer 43

6 weeks

Question 44

define dry poultry waste

Answer 44

manure and liter from poultry industry

Question 45

why is DPW fed to ruminants

Answer 45

because birds secrete uric acid, which is broken down by the rumen

Question 46

define supplement

Answer 46

organic compound required in small doses in the diet

Question 47

what is vitamin A

Answer 47

a biological activity of retinol

Question 48

what are fat soluble vitamins? what are they?

Answer 48

found in lipids/liver A D E K

Question 49

what are H2O soluble vitamins? what are they

Answer 49

move through body and exit through urine B C

Question 50

what are the functions of Vit A

Answer 50

vision cell proliferation and differentiation gene transcription

Question 51

what are the deficiencies of Vit A

Answer 51

night blindness/blindness abnormal bone growth rough hair coat impaired growth degeneration of mucous membranes

Question 52

what is Vit A toxicity

Answer 52

skeletal malformation reduced growth conjunctivitis reproductive failure

Question 53

what are the 2 forms of Vit D? where do they come from?

Answer 53

vit d2- plant material vit d3- animal material

Question 54

where is Vit D broken down

Answer 54

liver and kidneys

Question 55

what are the functions of VitD

Answer 55

increase calcium absorption calcium mobilization from bine

Question 56

what is a Vit D deficiency? explain it

Answer 56

demineralizes bones, causing them to soften and bow out

Question 57

describe Vit E

Answer 57

prevents lipids in membrane from oxidative damage

Question 58

what are Vit E deficiencies

Answer 58

muscular dystrophy liver necrosis (swine and rat) fetal reabsorption (rat)

Question 59

describe vit K

Answer 59

used for clotting and osterocalcin

Question 60

what is the Vit K deficiency

Answer 60

reduced blood clotting ability

Question 61

define B Vits

Answer 61

enzyme cofactors in energy metabolism

Question 62

what are the B Vits

Answer 62

B1-B3, B5-B7, B9, B12

Question 63

What is B1

Answer 63

thiamin

Question 64

what are the functions of thiamin

Answer 64

decarboxylation of ketoacids transketolation

Question 65

what does thiamin deficiency call

Answer 65

anorexia convulsions paralysis slow heart rate subnormal body temp

Question 66

what is vitamin B2

Answer 66

riboflavin

Question 67

what are the function of riboflavin

Answer 67

flavin moninucleotides flavin adenine dinucleotide

Question 68

what are riboflavin deficiencies

Answer 68

curled toe paralysis reduced egg production and hatchability lesions and reduced growth reproductive failure

Question 69

what is vitamin B3

Answer 69

niacin

Question 70

what are the functions of niacin

Answer 70

forms NAD and NADP

Question 71

what deficiency is caused by niacin

Answer 71

pellagra- dermatitis, dementia, and diahrrea

Question 72

define niacin-tryptophan interrelation

Answer 72

tryptophan is concerted to niacin in the body

Question 73

what is vitamin B 5

Answer 73

pantothenic acid

Question 74

what are the functions of pantothenic acid

Answer 74

coenzyme A synthesis acyl carrier protein synthesis

Question 75

what are the deficiencies of pantothenic acid

Answer 75

reduced growth dermatitis goose-stepping (swine)

Question 76

what is Vit B6

Answer 76

pyridoxal

Question 77

what is pyridoxal a cofactor for

Answer 77

amino transforases decarboxylase heme biosyntheses cysteine synthase glycogen phosphorylase

Question 78

what are pyridoxal deficiencies

Answer 78

convulsions dermatitis impaired reproduction