Endocrine

Question 1

Hormones greek origin

Answer 1

“To set in motion”

Question 2

Hypothalamus

Answer 2

Coordinating center

Question 3

Hypothalamus makes

Answer 3

releasing hormones, which are sent to the anterior pituitary releases its stored trophic hormones into the systemic circulation. They tell other endocrine organs in the body to grow and secrete their hormones.

Question 4

Anterior Pituitary

Answer 4

FSH Follicle-stimulating hormone (testes-testosterone)
Lutenizing Hormone (ovaries- estrogen, progesterone)

Question 5

Posterior Pituitary

Answer 5

ADH Antidiuretic Hormone (vasopressen)

Question 6

Islets of langerhans produces what?

Answer 6

Insulin, glucagon and pancreatic polypeptide

Question 7

Alpha cells

Answer 7

Secrete glucagon

Question 8

Beta cells

Answer 8

Secrete insulin

Question 9

Delta cells

Answer 9

Somatostatin

Question 10

glycogenolysis

Answer 10

breakdown of glycogen stores, in the liver and muscle tissue, into glucose

Question 11

DKA liver catabolizes fatty acids to produce what 3 keytone bodies

Answer 11

Acetoacetic acid
Acetone
Beta-hydroxybutyric acid

Question 12

Hypothyroid medications

Answer 12

Used to lose weight

Question 13

Medications for diabetes oral

Answer 13

Actos, glucophage (metformin),

Sulfonylureas- increase Beta cells to inc insulin (type 2)
First generation- chlorpropamide
Second generation- Glyburide

Alpha-glucasidase inhibitors- (alpha=glucagon) delay the absorption of glucose

Question 14

How many deaths are contributed to diabetes per year?

Answer 14

234,000

Question 15

Complications of diabetes?

side effects

Answer 15

Heart Disease and Stroke
High Blood Pressure
Blindness
Kidney Disease
Nervous System Damage
Amputations
Dental Disease
Pregnancy Complications
Sexual Dysfunction

Question 16

Endocrine

Answer 16

Secretes hormones directly into the circulation

Question 17

Exocrine

Answer 17

Through ducts

Question 18

Hormone concentration over time. How is it released?

Answer 18

Released in cyclic pulses

Question 19

8 endocrine glands/organs?

Answer 19

Hypothalamus
Pituitary
Thyroid
Parathyroid
Thymus
Pancreas
Adrenal
Gonads

Question 20

Goal of endocrine system

Answer 20

Always homeostasis

Question 21

Pineal Gland

Answer 21

Secretes Melatonin
Plays a role in sleep, aging, and reproduction.
May affect mood - SAD

Question 22

Graves disease

Answer 22

Most common form of hyperthyroidism causing immune system to attack the thyroid gland

Question 23

Hyperthyroidism does what to the metabolic rate?

Answer 23

Increases metabolic rate

Question 24

S/S of hyperthyroid

Answer 24

Rapid HR
Anxiety
Difficulty sleeping
Vision impairment
Sweating
Muscle weakness
Weightloss

Question 25

Thyrotoxic Crisis AKA

Answer 25

Thyroid storm (fatal in 48hrs)

Question 26

S/S or Thyrotoxic Crisis

Answer 26

``` Hyperthermia Delirium, coma Tachycardia, Hypotension Vomiting Diarrhea Irritability ```

Question 27

Hypothyroidism

Answer 27

Fails to produce or secrete as much thyroxine (T4)

Question 28

Thyroxine (T4) regulates

Answer 28

heart rate, digestion, physical growth, and mental development (an insufficient supply of this hormone can slow life-sustaining processes, damage organs and tissues in every part of the body, and lead to life-threatening complications.)

Question 29

Hypothyroidism does what to the skin?

Answer 29

Causes accumulation of mucinous material in the skin resulting in thickening and coarsening of the skins -Includes heart and internal organs

Question 30

Parathyroid Glands

Answer 30

Small glands on the posterior later surface of the thyroid gland

Question 31

Thymus gland

Answer 31

T lymphocytes mature here

Question 32

Myasthenia Gravis

Answer 32

"Grave muscle weakness"

Question 33

Pancreas exocrine function

Answer 33

Acini glands that produce pancreatic juice | Duct system that carries pancreatic juices to small intestine

Question 34

Pancreas Endocrine functions

Answer 34

``` Pancreatic islets (Islets of Langerhans) that produce hormones Hormones are not released unless there is sugar in the blood….produced as demand is made ```

Question 35

Type II diabetes

Answer 35

decreased sensitivity

Question 36

What forms Glycosurea?

Answer 36

Increase sugar in the kidney draws water from the bloodstream and pee out glucose

Question 37

Diabetes II Coma

Answer 37

Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma

Question 38

Adrenal disorders

Answer 38

Cushing's syndrome | Addison's Disease

Question 39

Adrenal Medula secretes?

Answer 39

Secretes Epi and Norepi

Question 40

Adrenal Cortex function and secretes?

Answer 40

Endocrine only | Secretes Aldosterone and Androgenic hormones

Question 41

Cortisol positive effects

Answer 41

A quick burst of energy for survival reasons Heightened memory functions Lower sensitivity to pain Helps maintain homeostasis in the body

Question 42

Cortisol negative effects

Answer 42

Impaired cognitive performance Suppressed thyroid function Blood sugar imbalances such as hyperglycemia Decreased bone density Decrease in muscle tissue Hypertension Lowered Immune and inflammatory responses causing lowed wound healing, and other health consequences Increased abdominal fat, associated with MI & CVA The development of higher levels of “bad” cholesterol (LDL) and lower levels of “good” cholesterol (HDL), which can lead to other health problems!

Question 43

Cushing's syndrome

Answer 43

abnormally high circulating cortisol

Question 44

Addison's disease

Answer 44

Atrophy of the adrenal cortex and minimal production of hormones, aldosterone and adrogenic hormones

Question 45

Addisonian Crisis S/S

Answer 45

Profound hypotension | EKG disturbances - Hyperkalemia