Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards

Question

Diminished

Answer 1

Movement but no sound (very bad)

Answer 2

Complications from trauma, toxins, aspiration, infections, O.D’s Result in a increase in capillary permeability, stiff lungs and decrease pulmonary capacity Seen in post injury or illness Is managed with PEEP and corticosteroids

Answer 3

-Altered ventilation - perfusion relationships in lungs -Hypoventilation/Hypoxemia (↓ lung capacity, ↑ residual volume with air-trapping) -Polycythemia (more RBC's) Increased CO2 retention Rt. side CHF Overweight PRODUCTIVE COUGH* Short & stocky body build Rhonchi sounds in lungs

Answer 4

Loss of elasticity within alveoli Resulting in enlargement of alveoli sacs Leads to destruction of alveoli and failure of supporting structures to maintain alveolar integrity Reduction of elasticity leads to the trapping of air in alveoli

Answer 5

Pulmonary hypertension Right sided CHF Cor pulmonale—hypertrophy of Rt. Ventricle Polycythemia(more RBC's)

Answer 6

Pink puffers caused by Decreased Pa02 which produces more RBC’s High hematocrit levels Barrel chest: excessive chest muscle use to breath, increase in the anterior/posterior chest diameter Thin and emaciated looking due to increase caloric need to breath Pursed lip breathing Prolonged & rapid respiratory rate

Answer 7

- Acute onset brought on by number of reasons, causes exacerbation of disease - Tripod breathing - Accessory muscle use - Dry or productive cough - Wheezes or rhonchi - Prolonged expiratory phase - Associated sx/sx tachycardia, diaphoresis, cyanosis, irritability, confusion, drowsiness, cardiac problems - Low SAO2 - Central site vs peripheral site

Answer 8

Life long asthma | Increased incidence of death after age 45

Answer 9

``` “Non-allergic” Inhaled allergen Cold temperature Vigorous exercise Emotional stress ```

Answer 10

``` Infection ASA, ibuprofen Beta blockers (inhibits beta so alpha stimulation takes place) Exposure to smoke, fumes Psychological stress ```

Answer 11

Smooth muscle contraction Increased secretion of mucus Inflammatory changes in the bronchiole walls Alveolar hypoventilation and marked ventilation-perfusion mismatch leading to hypoxia and C02 retention. Increased air resistance leads to air trapping due to hyperventilation of alveoli.

Answer 12

``` Dyspnea—measure in words Cough Bronchospasm -Wheezes -Quiet chest *So tight there are no lung sounds *Ominous sign because of lack of air movement. Accessory muscle use -Subclavicular in-drawing Pulsus paradoxus Tachycardia Low pulse ox Hypoxia and fatigue Associated s/s -diaphoresis, tachycardia, unable talk Abnormal capnography - shark fin shape Peak airway flow rate Special questions -Hx of intubation/hospitalizations Usual treatment -Frequency of inhaler use, other meds and infection ```

Answer 13

Severe prolonged asthma attack Key point: Cannot be broken with normal routine medication use Same as other asthma attacks except more rapid onset and patient in life threatening situation. Rapid transport with Rx enroute.

Answer 14

Carpal/pedal spasms - due to relative hypocalcemia

Answer 15

Inherited disorder of exocrine glands Cause abnormal secretions of thick mucous which plugs bronchi and GI tract Fatal disease with life expectancy of avg. 22-28 years Associated chronic bronchitis, sinusitis, emphysema and respiratory failure Rx per Sx & Sx

Answer 16

- Blockage of pulmonary artery by thrombus, embolus or other foreign matter - Results in partial or complete collapse of lung - Can limit left heart return resulting in decrease cardiac output and obstructive shock - Most common cause is thrombus

Answer 17

Venostasis-bed rest, traveling, age, burns, obesity, varicose veins Venous injury - Fx or surgery Increased blood coagulation Pregnancy - post partum Disease - COPD, CHF, AFib, MI, Infection Multiple trauma BCP - estrogen in pills increase clotting factors

Answer 18

``` Dyspnea, low SA02 Tachypnea Obvious labored breathing Chest pain Cough Hemopytsis Diaphoresis Hypotension Tachycardia, JVD ```

Answer 19

Gradual muscular weakness - eyes - throat - mouth

Answer 20

Progressive weakness of lower extremities which moves up body into chest leading to inability to breath. Is self limiting

Answer 21

*Progressive muscular weakness Eventually affects respiratory muscles and pt quits breathing Terminal Disease

Answer 22

Partial to complete collapse of the lung as a result of a ruptured bleb on the pleural lining of the lung - Sudden onset of SOB - Decrease or absent lung sounds - Cough - Sharp chest pain which may be referred to shoulder

Answer 23

COPD history Young, tall, white male adults Congenital bleb ( on lung May be precipitated by sneeze or forceful cough

Answer 24

Partial collapse of lung due to incomplete expansion, obstruction of airway or lung tissue

Answer 25

``` Absent or diminished breath sounds SOB Mucous plugs Excessive secretions Foreign body obstruction Splinting respirations with poor lung expansion ```

Answer 26

Spasm of the muscle in larynx resulting in partial or total airway obstruction

Answer 27

``` Stridor or air hunger Accessory muscle use Cyanosis Decreased LOC Apnea ```

Answer 28

Upper airway inflammation (smoke inhalation) Foreign body Trauma Near drowning

Answer 29

Inflammation of the pleura May or may not have effusion (fluid in pleural space) Pain due to pleural linings (pleura) rubbing May hear friction rub with respirations

Answer 30

``` Sharp pain in chest or back, referred to shoulder Fever Dyspnea Tachycardia Diaphoresis Pain increases on inhalation ```

Answer 31

Most commonly unrecognized respiratory emergency in field Acute inflammation of respiratory bronchioles Spread by droplet Viral or bacterial

Answer 32

Chest pain Flu-like symptoms Rales? or other lung sounds May have wheezes

Answer 33

Acute bacterial infection Causes pneumonia Patients die from complications of renal failure and respiratory failure

Answer 34

Airborne disease transported by droplets TB bacilli enter body and multiply, they usually affect the lungs but infect any part Most commonly seen in homeless, migrants, immunilogically suppressed or jailed *MASK THESE PATIENTS!

Answer 35

swell or dilate for no reason

Answer 36

Terbutaline (Brethine) Metaproterenol (Alupent) Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin) Isotherine (Bronkosol)

Answer 37

Solu-medrol Vanceril Azmacort Aerobid

Answer 38

Theophylline (theodur,slo-bid,theo-air) Popular before inhalers Prevents certain cells lining bronchi (mast cells) from releasing chemicals, such as histamines

Answer 39

``` Assess for injury Check Anterior & Posterior diameter Accessory muscle use Rate, rhythm and equality of breathing Skins, JVD, edema ```

Answer 40

Stress the skeletal structures Check for SQ emphysema Crepitus

Answer 41

``` Patient position Sitting upright Slightly forward Shoulders rounded Check equipment Tap dial to check One for heart tones, one for lung sounds ```

Answer 42

* Soft and distant sounding | * Due to excessive fluid or blood in pericardial sac

Respiratory Emergencies Flashcards

(73 cards)