Energy metabolism

Question 0

What is the toxic effect of CN-?

Answer 0

binds tightly to heme iron in cytochrome oxidase which oxidative phosphorylation

Question 1

What would upregulate the TCA cycle?

Answer 1

NAD+

Question 2

What is your anaerobic fate of pyruvate?

Answer 2

anaerobically, there is no TCA cycle to burn up the reduced NADH

must recycle NADH –> NAD+ otherwise glycolysis will stop

Electrons are a waste product, and they must be disposed of on something other than oxygen

Question 3

What is the aerobic fate of pyruvate?

Answer 3

electrons are source of Energy

Question 4

What is delta G?

Answer 4

change in free energy

Question 5

delta G nott

Answer 5

at standard concentration conditions

Question 6

delta G nott ‘

Answer 6

change in Gibbs free energy @ 25 C and pH 7

Question 7

with regards to free energy, in fuel oxidation we see a net ____ number which means …

Answer 7

negative

conditions are favorable for reaction to go forward

Question 8

Anaerobically , there is no TCA cycle to burn up the …..

Answer 8

reduced NADH

Question 9

Glycolysis will stop unless ______ is recycled

Answer 9

NADH to NAD+

Question 10

All the fuel we use eventually breaks down to …

Answer 10

Acetyl CoA

Question 11

What is the source of carbons in the CO2 molecules produced?

Answer 11

Acetyl group

Question 12

The krebs cycle produces …

Answer 12

2 CO2 
3 NADH
FADH2 
GTP 
and regenerates Oxaloacetate

Question 13

Anapleurotic reactions

Answer 13

intermediates can be synthesized by other enzymes and fed into the TCA cycle to refill it

Question 14

Arsenic poisoning

Answer 14

inhibits dehydrogenases - pyruvate DH, succinate DH as well as other glycolytic pathways
Inhibits both aerobic and anaerobic

Question 15

What metabolites can Acetyl CoA form? outside of the TCA cycle

Answer 15

Fatty acids

Question 16

What metabolites can alpha-ketoglutarate form outside of the TCA cycle?

Answer 16

Glutamate

Question 17

What metabolites can Succinyl CoA form outside of the TCA cycle?

Answer 17

Delta-aminolevulinate

Question 18

What metabolites can Fumarate/oxaloacetate form outside of the TCA cycle?

Answer 18

Aspartate

Question 19

Where does the TCA cycle occur?

Answer 19

in the mitochondrial matrix except SuccinateDH which is in the inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 20

Where is the ETC found ?

Answer 20

the inner mitochondrial membrane and functions by generating a Protein gradient ACROSS inner membrane as electrons pass through it

Question 21

Where is cytochrome C found?

Answer 21

it is water soluble and found in the intermembrane space

Question 22

Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur?

Answer 22

occurs in matrix as protons flow back into matrix along gradient

Question 23

The more negative, the reduction potential, the more likely it will …

Answer 23

give up electrons

Question 24

Actual reduction potential is a number measured relative to

Answer 24

the normal Hydrogen electrode (NHE)

Question 25

the more positive the reduction potential, the more likely it will ....

Answer 25

Accept electrons

Question 26

Midpoint potential is the voltage at which the redox active group is

Answer 26

50% oxidized and 50% reduced

Question 27

Kd

Answer 27

concentration at which ligand is 50% bound and 50% dissociated

Question 28

pKa = pH when ...

Answer 28

ionizable group is 50% ionized and 50% unionized

Question 29

Km

Answer 29

concentration of substrate at 1/2Vmax

Question 30

Since NAD's reduction potential is more negative then FAD's reduction potential, then it can easily _____ electrons

Answer 30

donate electrons to FADq

Question 31

How many electrons can Coenzyme Q carry?

Answer 31

2 electrons

Question 32

Complex 3 is connected to complex 4 by a water soluble protein called

Answer 32

cytochrome c | which can only carry 1 electron

Question 33

Complex 1 _____ NADH and _____ coenzyme Q

Answer 33

oxidizes | reduces

Question 34

Complex II ______ succinate and _____ coenzyme Q

Answer 34

oxidizes | reduces

Question 35

Complex III

Answer 35

catalyzes the "Q cycle" which electron transport between the two mobile carriers, Quinol --> Cytochrome c

Question 36

what generates the CoQ pool and what is it?

Answer 36

complex 1 and 2 | donates electrons to cytochrome b which has two hemes

Question 37

What are the mobile electron carriers in the electron transport chain?

Answer 37

UQ UQH2 cytochrome c

Question 38

Complex IV

Answer 38

cytochrome oxidase transfers 4 electrons from cytochrome c to O2 making water uses two heme groups as well as copper sites

Question 39

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 39

...

Question 40

What is net yield of Glucose oxidation when G3P shuttle is used?

Answer 40

30 ATPs

Question 41

What is the net yield of Glucose oxidation when malate-Asp shuttle is used?

Answer 41

32 ATPs

Question 42

How is the energy from NADH transported across the mitochondrial membrane? (NADH cannot be transported across)

Answer 42

via a Malate (oxaloacetate) -Aspartate shuttle