ENT- emergencies

Question 1

causes of ear lacerations

Answer 1

blunt trauma
avulsion
dog bites

Question 2

what are the symptoms of CFS leak

Answer 2

persistent clear rhinnorhoea
headache

Question 3

what is epistaxis

Answer 3

nose bleed

Question 4

what drugs can cause epistaxis

Answer 4

aspirin
warfarin

Question 5

who are pinna haematomas most commonly seen in

Answer 5

Rugby players
boxers

Question 6

how do you treat pinna haematomas

Answer 6

aspiration, incision and drainage

Question 7

what is the direction of longitudinal temporal bone fractures

Answer 7

parallel to long axis of temporal bone

Question 8

what is the direction of transverse temporal bone fractures

Answer 8

perpendicular to ear canal- at angle

Question 9

possible signs and symptoms of temporal bone fractures

Answer 9

facial palsy
hearing loss
CSF leak
battle sign- bruise behind ear

Question 10

what investigation is carried out to diagnose temporal bone fractures

Answer 10

CT

Question 11

how are most temporal bone fractures managed

Answer 11

conservatively

Question 12

what are the possible complications of longitudinal temporal bone fractures

Answer 12

bleeding from external canal
conductive deafness- ossicular chain dysfunction, haematympanum
facial palsy
CFS ottorhoea

Question 13

what are the possible complications of transverse temporal bone fractures

Answer 13

sensorineural hearing loss- CN VIII damage
damage to facial nerve
vertigo

Question 14

conductive/sensorineureal hearing loss can occur from longitudinal temporal bone fractures?

Answer 14

conductive

Question 15

conductive/sensorineureal hearing loss can occur from transverse temporal bone fractures?

Answer 15

sensorineural

Question 16

nasal trauma- what are important questions to ask

Answer 16

when trauma occurred
loss of consciousness?
epistaxis?
breathing

Question 17

what needs to be excluded when examining nasal traumas

Answer 17

septal haematomas

Question 18

how long after nasal fracture should it be reviewed in ENT clinic

Answer 18

5-7 days post-injury

Question 19

who is there a higher incidence of neck injuries in

Answer 19

males, especially adolescence/YAs

Question 20

classification of necks injures- what zone is the trachea in

Answer 20

zone I

Question 21

classification of necks injures- what zone is the larynx in

Answer 21

zone II

Question 22

classification of necks injures- what zone is the pharynx in

Answer 22

zone III

Question 23

classification of necks injures- what zone is the oesophagus in

Answer 23

zone I

Question 24

classification of necks injures- what zone is the thyroid in

Answer 24

zone I

Question 25

neck injuries- important questions to ask

Answer 25

mechanism of injury pain dyspnoea, dysphagia, dysphonia, hoarseness, haemoptysis CNS problems- paraethesias, weakness

Question 26

tear drop sign on CT-

Answer 26

orbital floor fracture

Question 27

what classification is used to measure midfacial fractures

Answer 27

le fort classification

Question 28

what is a deep neck space infection

Answer 28

extension of infection from tonsil or oropharynx into deeper tissue eg from quinsy

Question 29

foreign bodies in ear and nose- what foreign body has to be removed immediately

Answer 29

batteries

Question 30

which surgical management is used to remove swallowed foreign bodies

Answer 30

bronchoscopy